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TU/e - Eindhoven University of Technology – Urban Planning Group
SIMULATION OF PEDESTRIAN MOVEMENT IN
SHOPPING STREET SEGMENTS
Aloys Borgers, Inger Smeets,Astrid Kemperman, Harry Timmermans
Urban Planning GroupEindhoven University of Technology
The Netherlands
TU/e - Eindhoven University of Technology – Urban Planning Group
Models of pedestrian behavior• Regression Analysis• Space Syntax• From entry to shop …. to shop …. to
exit • Microscopic models (Cellular
Automata, Multi-Agent Systems, ….)• Etc…
TU/e - Eindhoven University of Technology – Urban Planning Group
Space Syntax models
TU/e - Eindhoven University of Technology – Urban Planning Group
From origin to destination (Borgers & Timmermans, ‘80s)
Exit
Start
3
1
2
TU/e - Eindhoven University of Technology – Urban Planning Group
From link to link (Borgers & Timmermans, ‘00s)
TU/e - Eindhoven University of Technology – Urban Planning Group
Microscopic
TU/e - Eindhoven University of Technology – Urban Planning Group
Purpose: Modeling pedestrian behavior in shopping street segments
shops
shops
TU/e - Eindhoven University of Technology – Urban Planning Group
Shopping street segment
Entry
Exit
shops
shops
Entry
Exit
TU/e - Eindhoven University of Technology – Urban Planning Group
Network
TU/e - Eindhoven University of Technology – Urban Planning Group
Shopping street segment + network
shops
shops
Entry
ExitEntry
Exit
TU/e - Eindhoven University of Technology – Urban Planning Group
Representing routes shops
shops
TU/e - Eindhoven University of Technology – Urban Planning Group
Modeling pedestrian behavior
Main principle: from current link to adjacent link
TU/e - Eindhoven University of Technology – Urban Planning Group
Main attraction of exits
Entry
TU/e - Eindhoven University of Technology – Urban Planning Group
Secondary attraction of exits
TU/e - Eindhoven University of Technology – Urban Planning Group
Main attraction of shops
TU/e - Eindhoven University of Technology – Urban Planning Group
Secondary attraction of shops
TU/e - Eindhoven University of Technology – Urban Planning Group
Attraction of zones
TU/e - Eindhoven University of Technology – Urban Planning Group
Walking on the right side
TU/e - Eindhoven University of Technology – Urban Planning Group
Stop in shop
X
TU/e - Eindhoven University of Technology – Urban Planning Group
Modeling choice of link
Pℓ = exp(Vℓ) / ∑ ℓ’ exp(Vℓ’)
Pℓ probability link ℓ will be chosen from all adjacent links
Vℓ utility of link ℓVℓ = ∑k Xℓk
TU/e - Eindhoven University of Technology – Urban Planning Group
X-variables
• Type of link:• In transfer zone• In center zone• walk on right-hand side
TU/e - Eindhoven University of Technology – Urban Planning Group
X-variables
• Attraction of exits (primary and secondary)
• Attraction of shops (primary and secondary)• fashion• shoes• department stores• fast food / drinks• books• electronics
TU/e - Eindhoven University of Technology – Urban Planning Group
X-variables
• Stop in shop:• branch specific constants• branch specific floor space
TU/e - Eindhoven University of Technology – Urban Planning Group
Data collection
• One week workshop in July 2004• Antwerp’s main shopping street • Students
• Observed physical characteristics• Counted pedestrians• Tracked pedestrians
TU/e - Eindhoven University of Technology – Urban Planning Group
De Meir: Antwerp’s Main shopping street
TU/e - Eindhoven University of Technology – Urban Planning Group
De Meir: Antwerp’s Main shopping street
Segment B Segment A
TU/e - Eindhoven University of Technology – Urban Planning Group
Segment A
Clothing
Shoes
Fast Food
TU/e - Eindhoven University of Technology – Urban Planning Group
Segment B
Clothing
Shoes
Dept Store
Books
Electronics
TU/e - Eindhoven University of Technology – Urban Planning Group
Tracking pedestrians
TU/e - Eindhoven University of Technology – Urban Planning Group
Estimation of parameters
• Number of tracked pedestrians:• Segment A: 157• Segment B: 176
• Estimation: Limdep
• Rho-square: 0.73
TU/e - Eindhoven University of Technology – Urban Planning Group
Attraction of exits: segment A
TU/e - Eindhoven University of Technology – Urban Planning Group
Attraction of exits: segment B
TU/e - Eindhoven University of Technology – Urban Planning Group
Attraction of zones
0.0
-3.2
-0.4
-3.2
0.0
TU/e - Eindhoven University of Technology – Urban Planning Group
Attraction of walking on the right side
TU/e - Eindhoven University of Technology – Urban Planning Group
Attraction of shops
primary secondary
Clothing ++ -Shoes ++ - - Dept Store + - -Fast Food - - - - - - - - - -Books +Electronics ++
TU/e - Eindhoven University of Technology – Urban Planning Group
Stop in shops
constant floor space
Clothing + +Shoes +Dept Store +Fast Food
Books +Electronics +
TU/e - Eindhoven University of Technology – Urban Planning Group
Simulation• Start from observed starting position• 50 times per route
• Mean absolute difference per link per simulation: • Segment A 3.20• Segment B 4.06
• Mean route length: Observed Simulated • Segment A 110 m 105 m • Segment B 90 m 79 m
TU/e - Eindhoven University of Technology – Urban Planning Group
Segment A
Observed
Simulated
TU/e - Eindhoven University of Technology – Urban Planning Group
Segment B
Observed
Simulated
TU/e - Eindhoven University of Technology – Urban Planning Group
Conclusions & Recommendations• Link to link approach• Model performs pretty good
• Extend model• Use complete shopping trips• Include effect of having visited a shop on
same type of shops • Replicate
• Other street segments• Other shopping areas• Other conditions
