Tuesday 12/7/10Warm-up: What is the tone ofthe cartoon and what is the cartoonist’s opinion on unification?

Mrs. P has tonsillitis…I need a Volunteer to read notes today!

-Wednesday 12/8: Half Day-Pds. 5-6-4-7-Thursday 12/9: Quiz on Nationalism NOTES and the vocabulary!!! So pay attention! Notes will be posted online!

What did the Russians do?In1853, to go to war…Czar

Nicholas I wanted to expand empire…threatens Ottoman Turk Empire-Crimean War

Lack of industry….causes LOSS!Nicholas’ son…Alexander II…

moves Russia out of old age and modernizes

Alexander’s Reforms1861 free serfs …but…still tied to

land that was split up and “given” (49 yrs. To pay debt) to peasant communities

Alexander II ASSASSINATED! 1881

Alexander III◦Nationalistic competition led drive

for industrialization

Types of Nationalistic Movements

UnificationMerges politically

divided but culturally similar

landsExamples?

Separation

Culturally distinct group resists

being added to a state or tries to

break away

Examples?

State-building

Culturally distinct groups form into a new state by

accepting a single culture

Examples?

AUSTRIAEmpire made of-

◦Slovenes, Hungarians, Germans, Czechs, Slovaks, Croats, Serbs, Poles and Italians

1866-Prussia defeats Austria in Austro-Prussian War

Prussian win control of newly formed North German Confederation (union of Prussia & 21 smaller German political units)!

Hungarians push- Emperor Francis Joseph of Austria splits empire in two-Austro-Hungary Empire…hangs out until AFTER WWI

Back to RUSSIA!!!Made of many ethnic groups-

Jews, Latvians, Poles & Romanians to name a few

Romanov MUST keep Control!!!◦New policy…Russification-forced

Russian culture on ALL peeps!◦After WWI…Russian czar gives up

power 1917.

What about those Ottomans?Controlled-Greeks, Arabs,

Bulgarians…1856-Brits and French pushed for

equality in Otts’ EmpireConservative Turks angered…

killed some deported Armenians (1894-1896)

Broke up after WWI too!

Italy!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!Italy forms from crumbs! 1815-

1848Piedmont-Sardinia: largest,

liberal constitutional state1852- Sardinia King, Victor

Emmanuel IICount Camillo di CAVOUR-Prime

Minister

CAVOURSkilled diplomat, used allianceWanted to expand P-S powerRoadblock was AUSTRIA!1858-Nap. III helped Cavour win

provoked! War w/ Austria-gained North Italy….except Venetia

Garibaldi Unites!Leader of Southern Nationalist

rebels-Red Shirts!!!1860-captured SicilyAllowed all of Italy to unite under

Emmanuel1866-Venetia joins Italy1870-Papal states joined Italy-

Pope still owned Vatican City-Rome became capital

Germany Unites!!!1815-Autrian Empire dominates

the confederationPrussia-ready to UNIFY all

German states◦Advantages-

mainly German population nationalism unified it most powerful army in central Europe Has liberal constitution

Otto Von Bismarck!!!1861-Wilhelm I wanted $ from

bigger army…liberals refused…Wilhelm didn’t like not having authority…so picks a JUNKER (Prussian conservatives, wealthy land-owners)

1862-Otto Von Bismarck is made Prime Minister

O.V.B.-a Realpolitik: tough power politics…no room for idealism

Otto Von BismarckRule without parliament’s

approval…king okayed itVIOLATED the constitution!Told Prussian Parliament… “ It is

not by means of speeches and majority resolutions that the great issues of the day will be decided- that was the great mistake of 1848-1849- but by blood and iron.”

Prussia 1864-Gains Power!Bismarck formed alliance with

Austria◦War with Denmark over border

provinces- Schleswig and Holstein!◦VICTORY! Prussian Pride…other little

German states okay with Prussia leading the way!

◦Prussia takes Schleswig-Austria takes Holstein

Backstabber!!!!After partnering with Austria

against Denmark…..Bismarck fusses about border conflicts in Schleswig and Holstein!

1866 Austria declares WAR!!!!! on Prussia (just what Bismarck wanted)

Why?

Seven Week’s War!Prussians WIN!!! (good training

and equipment)Humiliated Austria

◦LOST… Venetia to Italy Northern Germany to Prussia

By 1867- Prussia dominated North German Confederation!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

Franco-Prussian War Pre-War

◦1867-few southern German states still independent

◦German south was Catholic!◦Prussia was Protestant!◦STOP---FLASHBACK! Why is this a

problem? Where did Protestantism come from?

◦Here he goes AGAIN-Bismarck thinks outside pressures would force south to join Prussia!

Creative Cat!!!Bismarck created impression that

French ambassador insulted Prussian King!!!!

French get mad at the deception and declare WAR…1870!

So what happens……Prussians flood northern France!Take 83,000 prisoners including…

Napoleon III !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!Parisians stood strong until

hunger forced them to surrender!

Nationalism….YEAH Germany!!!Everyone is excited for

unification….even the southerners…so they join!

1871- in Palace of Versailles (French), King Wilhelm I of Prussia is crowned Kaiser….or emperor!

Overall Outcome!!!!1815 Congress of Vienna est.

◦Major powers- Britain, France, Austria, Prussia and

Russia1871- Major powers-

◦Britain and Germany◦Austria and Russia FAR BEHIND◦France in the middle

Types of Nationalistic Movements

UnificationMerges politically

divided but culturally similar

landsExamples?

Separation

Culturally distinct group resists being

added to a state or tries to break

away

Examples?

State-building

Culturally distinct groups form into a new

state y accepting a single culture

Examples?

Types of Nationalistic Movements

UnificationMerges politically

divided but culturally similar

lands

19th Century Germany and Italy

SeparationCulturally distinct

group resists being added to a state or tries to break away

Greeks in the Ottoman EmpireEthnic groups in

RussianSouthern Germany

State-building

Culturally distinct groups form into a

new state by accepting a single

culture

The United States

For your quiz:Study Notes and vocabulary

words/people from Monday’s assignment