Tuesday, January 8EQ- What are the parts of the Executive Branch and how do they work together?

Bell Work- Update Table of Contents

HW- Finish book and checks and balances worksheet (Test and Project- Friday 1/18)

Table of Contents:

78. Executive Branch in a nutshell

79. Presidents Song

80. Presidents Project

81. Parts of the Executive Branch

82. Executive Branch Book

83. Checks and Balances

Agenda

1. Bell Work and Song

2. Review the Presidents Project

3. Executive Branch Review

4. Parts of the Executive Branch Book

5. Checks and Balances

The President

The Executive Branch• Powers listed in Article II of the Constitution• Main duty: Enforce Laws• Includes:

The President

Vice-President

President’s Cabinet

EOP

Executive Departments

Government Agencies

Formal Qualifications

To be the President or Vice President:• At least 35 years of age• Natural born citizen• Resident of the US for 14 years

Terms

• 4 year term; 2 terms max• 22nd Amendment:

-Limits the President to two terms or 10 years

- Precedent set by George Washington <only served 2>

-broken by FDR <served 4>

Perks

• $400,000 per year

• $50,000 a year allowance

• Lives in the White House (132 rooms, 18.3 acres)

• Air Force One

• Plus other benefits

The Vice President

Available to fill the role of President if necessary

Presides over the Senate (called the President of the Senate)

Powers & Limitations of the President

ROLE: CHIEF OF STATE

1. the ceremonial head of the U.S. government & people

2. reigns and rules

Powers of the President

ROLE: CHIEF EXECUTIVE

1. enforces federal law, treaties, court decisions

2. Executive orders

3. Appoints cabinet members, commissions, federal judges

A. Senate approval needed for appointments

Powers of the President

ROLE: CHIEF Foreign Policy <aka Chief Diplomat>

1. general charge of foreign policy2. appoints ambassadors3. executive agreements4. negotiates treaties5. recognition of foreign governments

A. Senate must approve appointmentsB. Senate must approve treaties (2/3 vote)

Powers of the President

ROLE: COMMANDER IN CHIEF

1. civilian authority over the military (1.4 million)

A. War Powers Resolution 1973 (what is this?)

B. Congress declares war

Powers & Limitations of the President

ROLE: CHIEF Agenda Setter1. Veto2. outlines legislative proposals (ex.

The Federal Budget)3. calls special sessions of

CongressA. 2/3- both houses of Congress can override a vetoB. Congress is not obligated to pass the president’s proposals

Powers of the President

ROLE: Chief of PARTY1. Political patronage

A. Face of the partyB. Party tied to success or failure of the President

Powers & Limitations of the President

ROLE: CHIEF Guardian of the Economy

1. Oversees the economy

2. Makes suggestions

On page 81, create a chart in this format:

The President and VP

The Executive Branch

The Executive Office of the President The Executive

Departments

The Independent Agencies

•President’s closest advisors•Called the EOP•White House Office-President’s key staff and advisors; work in “The West Wing”; led by the chief of staff•Office of Homeland Security- after 9/11; protect against terrorism•Office of Management and Budget- called OMB; prepares the federal budget

•Do most of the work of the government•Leaders of each make up the Cabinet•The leaders are nominated by the President and confirmed by Senate•15 total

•Nearly 150 of them•Set up outside of the Executive departments although many are similar•3 types:

•Independent executive agenices (NASA, the Peace Corps)•Independent Regulatory Commissions (work on the economy, outside of President’s control)•Government Corporations (business like activities- US Postal Service, Amtrak)

Executive Branch Book» Follow the directions to create your book» Title: The Executive Branch and your

name» Pages 1-2- The President» Page 3- The EOP» Page 4- The Executive Department» Page 5- The Independent Agencies» Page 6- Write a paragraph telling which

part of the executive branch you think is the most important and why.

Thursday, January 10» EQ- What role does the EOP play in the

Executive branch? How is the Cabinet utilized by the President?

» HW- Practice song and review notes

» Table of Contents:

84. Reflections on the VP/ and EOP Questions

85.

86. The Executive Department/Cabinet 87.

88.

89. My Cabinet

Agenda:

» 1. Bellwork and Song; Project and Test Reminder (Friday 1/18)

» 2. Review Questions» 3. Check HW- Ex. Branch Book and

Checks and Balances» 4. The Bureacracy» 5. Reflections on the Vice Presidency

and the EOP» 6. Cabinet Activity

Review Questions1. Which article of the Constitution

sets up the Executive Branch?

2. How old do you have to be to be President?

3. What does it mean to be a natural born citizen?

4. What did the 22nd Amendment do?

5. Which role is the President being when he deploys troops to a place?

Reflections on the VPWhat does each quote reveal about the various views and responsibilities of the Vice Presidency?

1.“I am Vice President. In this I am nothing, but I

may be everything.” -John Adams

2. “ The only authority he (the VP) has is what the President gives him. He who giveth can

taketh away.” -Hubert Humphrey

3. “When you’re talking to Dick Cheney, you’re talking to me. When Dick Cheney’s talking, it’s me talking” –George W. Bush

4. “The Vice Presidency isn’t worth a pitcher of warm spit.” -John Nance Garner

The EOP1. (pg 234) When was the EOP created? By

whom? (pg. 235) What was the act of Congress that created it?

2. (pg 235) Who all does the EOP consist of? How many people total?

3. (pg 235) What are the three reasons the EOP has grown so much?

4. (pg 239) What makes the White House staff different from the Cabinet members?

5. (pg 239) How many White House Staff members did George Bush have?

6. (pg. 239) What are four duties of the White House Staff?

Your CabinetOn page 89:

1.Pick four main topics that you think about/do in your life.

2.If you could pick anyone in the United States to be your major advice giver on each of these topics, who would it be? Pick one person for each topic.

(they must be living!)

Cabinet ActivityDivide pages 85-88 into four squares.

Label the first square on page 85 “The Executive Departments and The Cabinet”

Label the other squares with the title of the 15 Executive Departments.

For each department:– A description of the duties of that

department– The year it was created– The current leader/Cabinet member– A picture related to the work of that

department

The Federal Bureaucracy

• All of the agencies, people, and procedures through which the Federal Government

operates. • The means by which the government makes

and administers public policy.

• The Constitution makes the President the Chief Administrator.

• Constitution is relatively silent on the organization of the Executive Branch.

Executive Office of the President

• Established in 1939 and changed by each administration since.

• The “inner circle” of the President (400)

• Chief of staff• Press secretary • Physician• Counselor / Senior advisors

Executive Office of the President

• National Security Council (NSC)

• Office of Homeland Security– Work closely with the President on

security issues– CIA, military chiefs, etc.

Executive Office of the President

• Office of Management and Budget (OMB)

• Office of National Drug Control Policy

• Office of Science and Technology • Trade, Economy, Environment, etc.

The Executive Departments (Cabinet)

• In 1789, Congress created 3

• Today there are 15 departments

• Each department is headed by a secretary except the Department of Justice (attorney general)

• Departments are divided into subunits. (pg. 426)

Choosing Department Leaders

• Nominated by President, confirmed by the Senate

• Party patronage (campaign influence)

• Professional qualifications

• Regional balance (Geography)

• Interest group pressure

Independent Agencies

• 150 agencies independent of the Cabinet (not the President)– Some do not fit into departments– Congress wanted them

independent to escape influence

Independent Agencies

• FTC- Federal Trade Commission• SEC- Securities and Exchange Commission• FCC- Federal Communications

Commission• SSA- Social Security Administration• Peace Corps• FEC- Federal Election Commission• USPS- United States Postal Service• FDIC- Federal Deposit Insurance

Corporation

Welcome to Election Day!Please choose the next President of the United States. The Candidates are:

Candidate 1: Associates with ward healers and consults with astrologists. Has two mistresses. He chain smokes and drinks 8 to 10 martinis a day.

Candidate 2: Kicked out of office twice, sleeps until noon, used opium in college and drinks a quart of brandy every evening.

Candidate 3: A decorated war hero, a vegetarian, doesn’t smoke, drinks an occasional beer and hasn’t had any illicit affairs.

The Actual Person

Candidate 1: Franklin Delano                     Roosevelt

Candidate 2: Winston ChurchillCandidate 3: Adolf Hitler

The Point: People are manipulating you. Words not as powerful as pictures. You have to read and be informed.

Choosing Candidates

• Primary elections- Each state conducts an election to determine:

– Delegates to the National Convention

– Preferred candidate– 1st primary in New Hampshire

(end of January)– 1st Caucus in Iowa (January)

National Conventions

• Delegates from each state’s primary election gather in one location

• Party determines number of delegates– 2,059 Republicans

– 4,353 Democrats

• July- party out of power• August- party in power

National Conventions

• At the Convention:1. Presidential and Vice-Presidential

Candidates are chosen by majority votes of delegates.

2. Various factions and the leading personalities of the party come together.

3. Party platform is created and adopted.

Electoral College

• A group of people (electors) chosen from each state and D.C. to formally elect the President and Vice President.

• Why? – Public ignorance and apathy

Electoral College

• Electors are people chosen by the political parties at their State party conventions or by a vote of the party's central committee in each State.

• They may be State elected officials, party leaders, or persons who have a personal or political affiliation with the Presidential candidate.

Summary of Election Process

• Primary Elections• Political Party Conventions• General Election

Tuesday after first Monday in Nov:Voters cast ballots for all electors representing a particular party in each state.

Election Process

• Electors Vote Monday after second Wednesday in Dec:Electors of party winning popular vote in each state cast ballots for President and Vice President in their state capitols.

Election Process

• Electoral Votes Are Counted

January 6:

Ballots cast by electors are counted by Congress

Election Process

• Inauguration Day

January 20:

Candidate receiving majority of electoral votes becomes President (at least 270/538)

Jean Jacques Rousseau

Social Contract, 1762 “I was born a citizen of a free state

and a member of its sovereign body, and however weak may be the influence of my voice in public affairs, my right to vote on them suffices to impose on me the duty of studying them.”

Voter Registration

• Citizen of the U.S. • Resident of the state in which

you are voting• 18 years at the time of the

election• Registered to vote

• Selecting a political party