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Turkey after the Genocide and the Trials that Never Occurred. Red Cross. B ryce Toynbee Report. Baron Von Wangenheim the German Ambassador. Treaty of Versailles and the League of Nations created. Henry Morgenthau the US Ambassador. WWI Ends November 1918. The Evidence and Witnesses. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Turkey after the Genocide and the Trials that Never Occurred
Sultan out 1907
Young Turks in 1908
WWI 1915-1918
Germany, Austria and the Ottoman Empire
vs.
Russia, Britain, French and the US
WWI Ends November 1918
Treaty of Versailles and the League of Nations created
The Genocide 1915
NY Times Articles
Henry Morgenthau the US Ambassador
Baron Von Wangenheim the German Ambassador
Red Cross
The Evidence and Witnesse
s
Bryce Toynbee Report
Possible Bystanders
1. New York Times2. Henry Morgenthau US Ambassador in
Ottoman Empire. 3. British and the Bryce Toynbee Report.
Viscount James Bryce British Parliament and Arnold Toynbee a historian collect reports.
4. Baron Von Wangenheim the German Ambassador
5. Red Cross
Henry Morgenthau US Ambassador in Ottoman Empire.
To the right you see excerpts
from my cables sent to
Washington during WWI.
Why the US did not enter?1. US trying to stay out of WWI2. Ambassadors are guests and should
have respect for their host nation.3. What a sovereign state does in its own
borders is their business.
Bryce Toynbee Report
Lines 11-1523-2640-43
Baron Von Wangenheim the German Ambassador
"The measures of repression by the Imperial Government [Young Turks] against
the Armenian population of the eastern Anatolian provinces having been dictated
by military considerations and constituting a legitimate means of defense, the German
Government is far from opposing their execution inasmuch as these measures
have objective of consolidating the internal security of Turkey and avoiding attempts at
insurrections."
Red Cross
By 1896, the Red Cross worked in the Ottoman Empire to provide aid for Armenians lead by Clara Barton. However,
Turkish government had informed the State Department at Washington that the Red Cross would not be permitted to send surgeons and nurses to the aid of the Armenian people.
Organization donated $ 1.800.000 for relief works in the Near East. Later this amount rose up to $ 6.000.000.
American Red Cross personnel kidnapped Armenian children were restored to their parents and women in Muslim harems were freed.
Problem: No Red Cross Army
Young Turks
Talaat Pasha: Minister of Interior responsible for interior issues like deportation
Enver Pasha: Minister of War responsible for military operations
Djemal Pasha: Minister of Navy
How should the Young Turks be punished after WWI?
What about the ottoman Empire?
• Treaty of Sevres establishes a new Armenian state
• Enter Mustafa Kemal (Ataturk) who led the Turkish Independence War
Turkish Nationalist vs. The Occupying Allies
• Turks fight against Allies and set up a new government in Ankara (capital of Turkey)
• In control of the new government Turkey invades the new Armenian state
• Armenian has to reject Treaty of Sevres and give up land to Turkey. Meanwhile…
Allies demand the new government set up trials for the Young Turks
The Trials
1. Run by Turkey2. Young Turks flee3. Talat in Germany, Enver dies in war and
Djemal was assassinated
Current Articles
4 in a groupMain point of each
Essay Outline Comparing Holocaust to Armenian Genocide
• Punishment• Denial/End• Bystanders
Quiz
• Crimes against humanity, war crimes, massacres, genocide and ethnic cleansing
• Bystanders and global community during• What was done to address the issue of mass
killings after WWI? • Compare the end of the Holocaust to the end of
the Armenian Genocide using one example that focuses on holding perpetrators accountable for their actions.