TURKEYTRANSMISSION NETWORK OPERATION AND INTERCONNECTIONS FOR REGIONAL MARKETS

Budak Dilli

05 July 2010 1Budak Dilli

• Energy, driving force for socio‐economic and technological development. 

• Energy supply– uninterrupted, reliable, low cost and environmentally friendly

– secure • Power Network:

– Generation‐Transmission‐Distribution– Power System Control and Operation

• Dispatch, control of flows, security, stability, frequency…etc. 

• The role of transmission system– Back bone, vitally important from technical point– Getting more importance in market environment

ELECTRICAL ENERGY AND TRANSMISSION SYSTEM

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ELECTRICAL ENERGY AND TRANSMISSION SYSTEM• Role of Transmission in Internal and Regional Electrical 

Energy Markets– Conventional systems:  Vertically integrated, monopolistic, generally 

state owned• Integrated system operation  more easy, decisions based on only technical and  

economic  considerations

– Liberal Internal Markets: Unbundled, multi players,  commercially driven

• Transmission System Operators are carrying others’ energy (= $$$$$ )• Market operation + system operation• Non discriminatory access to the grid• Unbundled, independent from other market operations• Technically necessary ancillary services  with commercial agreements

– Regional Markets: multi players + multi national control centers• More Coordination,  Technical+ COMMERCIAL Cross‐Border exchange rules..

• Without sufficient and technically viable transmission network and successful system operation, markets (internal or regional) cannot work efficiently.

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TURKEYI. GENERAL OUTLOOK

• POPULATION (2009):   72.5 million• GDP (per capita‐2009): 8 590 US $• Electrical energy consumption (per capita): 2200 kWh• Installed Capacity: 45500 MW ( state 53%, private 47%)

– Thermal: 29604 MW– Hydro:     14802 MW– Other Renewable (wind, geothermal..): 1097 MW• Gross Generation (2009): 194,8 TWh• 46% state,54% private• 80% thermal, 20%hydro and other renewable• Import: 812 GWh • Export: 1545 GWh• Gross Consumption(2009): 194,08 TWh

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STATE• Policy development on

macro scale • Ministry of Energy &

Natural Resources (MENR)

• Regulation, control, supervision of the markets • Energy Market

Regulatory Authority (EMRA)

• State-owned generation and distribution

PRIVATE SECTOR• investments• market activities

– Generation– Distribution– Wholesale– Retail– import – export.......

ELIGIBLE AND CAPTIVE CUSTOMERS

TURKEYII. Electricity Market Structure

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TRANSMISSION

DISTRIBUTION AND RETAIL

GENERATION STATE OWNED GENERATION

(EÜAŞ)AUTOPRODUCERSPRIVATE

GEN.COs

PRIVATE WHOLESALERS

STATE OWNED WHOLESALE CO.(TETAŞ)

TURKISH ELECTRICITYDISTRIBUTION CO.

(TEDAŞ)

PRIVATE DIST.COs

TURKISH ELECTRICITYTRANSM ISSON CO.

(TEİAŞ)

WHOLESALE

TURKEYII. Electricity Market Structure

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TEK

1994 2001

TEDAŞ

TEAŞ TETAŞ

TEİAŞ

EÜAŞ

TEDAŞ

Distribution

VerticallyIntegrated

Generation,Transmission &

Trade

Trade

1970

Transmission

Generation

Distribution

TURKEYIII. Unbundling

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TRANSMISSION SYSTEMTurkish Electricity Transmission Co.‐ TEIAŞ

– State owned

– Transmission system owner & operator (TSO) 

– Market Operator

– Provision of connection to and use of transmission system services to all users without discrimination.

• Through “Connection and Use of System Agreements”

– Monitoring real‐time system reliability, purchase and provide ancillary services. 

• Through “Ancillary Service Agreements”

– International interconnection activities

• Development of infrastructure.

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TRANSMISSION SYSTEM OF TURKEY

- 400 kV Substation: 75- 220 kV Substation: 1- 154 kV Substation: 497- 66 kV Substation: 15- TOTAL 587 Substation (93.226 MVA)

- 14622,9 km 400 kV OHL

- 31874,3 km 154 kV OHL

- 84 km 220 kV OHL

- 508.5 km 66 kV OHL

-213 km 154 kV and 380 kV Cable

-TOTAL 47090,2 km Transmission Line

Turkish Electricity Transmission Grid

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400 KV NETWORK

BLACKSEA

MEDITERRANEAN

ALTINKAYA

EREĞLİ

AMBARLI

BULGARİSTAN

FILIPPI

H.UĞURLUKAYABAŞI

ÇANKIRI

TİREBOLU

BORÇKA

GÜRCİSTANBATUM

ERMENİSTAN

GUMRI

BALIKESİR

SOMA

ALİAĞA

DENİZLİ

YATAĞAN

KEMERKÖYOYMAPINAR

SEYDİŞEHİR

KONYA

ADANAERZİN

G.ANTEP

ANDIRIN

ELBİSTAN

KANGAL

YEŞİLHİSAR

KAYSERİ

ÇAYIRHAN

GÖLBAŞI

KEBAN

KARAKAYA

ATATÜRK

DİYARBAKIR

Ş.URFA

BATMAN

HAKKARİ

KARS

ÖZLÜCEERZURUM

HORASAN

IĞDIR

D.BEYAZIT

DIMODICHEV

SURİYE

DERİNER

İSKENDERUN

İRAN

IRAK

HALEP

PS3

ZAKHO

KHOY

BAZARGAN

BABEK

KALKANDERE

KOCATEPE

TEİAŞ-APK 2008

220 kV EİH154 kV EİH

HES (PLANLANAN)

HES (MEVCUT)

TS (MEVCUT)

TL (MEVCUT)TL (PLANLANAN)

TS (PLANLANAN)

Y.TEPE

ALİBEYKÖY

TUNÇBİLEK

D.PAŞA

KARABİGA

ADA-GEBZE

PAŞAKÖYOSMANCA

GÖKÇEKAYA

TEMELLİ

SİNCAN

BABAESKİHAMİTABA

T

ÜMRANİYE

BURSA

AYDIN

YENİKÖYBİRECİK

SEYİTÖMER

IŞIKLAR

ADAPAZARI

YUNAN

İSTA

N

KIZILTEPE

AĞRI

Z.KÖY

TEPEÖREN

UNIMAR

HİLVAN

ILISUDOĞANLI

ÇUKURCA

CİZRE

VAN

ERMENEK

MERSİN

HATAY

İKİTELLİ

A.ALANI

KAPTAN

UZUNDERE

HİSAR

GÜRSÖĞÜT

KARGI SİVASDEÇEKO

YUSUFELİ

KAVŞAK

İSDEMİR

BOYABATAMASRA

KARABÜK

X

BEYKOZÇARŞAMBA

HOPA

VARSAK

MANİSA

HABİPLER

SAMSUN DGKÇ

BORASCO

SAN-SEL TES

SAMSUN TES

CENGİZ

AKFEN DGKÇ

SİNOP TES

AKFENÇAYLI TES

ÇAN

İÇDAŞ

İÇDAŞ

AKSA

SİLOPİ TES

K.KALE DGKÇ

İÇANADOLU DGKÇ

BAĞLUM

KAYRAKTEPE

YEDİGÖZE

İSPİR

ARKUN

AKINCI

ORDU-2

TATVAN

ÇETİN

MUSUL

10Budak Dilli

Control Centers• Operation  and  Maintenance  of  the  transmission  lines  and 

substations  is  carried  by  regional  directories,  directly reporting headquarters at Ankara.

• The Turkish transmission system  is operated by  the National Control Centre (NCC) and 9 Regional Control Centers (RCCs).

System Operation, Control and Dispatch

SCADA & Energy Management System

…….… … … … … …11Budak Dilli

System Operation, Control and Dispatch400 kV Network operations carried by National Control Center (NCC), 154 kV network is operated by Regional Control Centers

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NCC

System Operation, Control and Dispatch

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Market Operation

• TEIAS: Market Operator 

• Day‐Ahead Programming, and day ahead market operations.– Collecting generation and price proposals,

– Determining economic merit order dispatch

– Marginal pricing

• Intra‐Day Balancing and Settlement– Balancing: Conventional, through dispatch centers

– Settlement: Determination of commercial transactions 

– Effect of transmission system faults and contingencies.

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• Difficulty in long term network Planning and timely investment– Liberal market environment, generation investors are private companies. Predetermined Rules and regulations are necessary for generation Licensing.

– Promotion of renewable generation: small hydro and wind. Hundreds of these kind, dispersed, remote locations. New transmission lines, substations, capacity increase in the existing substations. Regional and basin based planning necessary.

– Too many small projects, financing investments for timely completion.

Transmission System DevelopmentChallenges

15Budak Dilli

Transmission System OperationChallenges

• Preserving the technical quality of the system– Grid Code : Set of rules for transmission system users‐ generators, Dis. 

Cos..

• Managing the effects of intermitted generation– Difficulty of day‐ahead generation programming,

– Balancing  the  supply  ‐ demand due  to  fluctuations of  the  generation, keeping the system frequency in prescribed limits.

– New  and  additional  control  system  to  supervise  the  wind  farms, forecasting the wind, keeping sufficient hot reserve.

• Determination and handling the Ancillary Services– Voltage  Control,  frequency  control,  hot  stand‐by..  etc    commercial‐

technical agreements with system users

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380 kV 154 kV 66 kV and below TOTAL

YEARS NUMBERCAPACITY

(MVA) NUMBERCAPACITY

( MVA) NUMBERCAPACITY

(MVA) NUMBERCAPACITY

(MVA)

1980 20 3060.0 279 8067.0 295 1544.0 594 12671.0

1990 61 9410.0 531 18008.7 151 1347.0 743 28765.7

2000 106 18160.0 821 39053.9 138 1315.4 1065 58529.3

2009 * 182 34720.0 1031 57874.0 54 632.0 1267 93226.0

ANNUAL DEVELOPMENT OF TRANSFORMERS IN TURKEY BY PRIMARY VOLTAGE LEVEL

ANNUAL DEVELOPMENT OF TRANSMISSION LINES (km.)

YEARS 380 kV 220 kV 154 kV 66 kV TOTAL

1980 2985.1 15.7 15490.1 2332.0 20822.8

1990 8334.3 84.6 23560.7 1408.2 33387.8

2000 12957.3 84.6 27949.9 560.9 41552.7

2009* 14622.9 84.6 31874.3 508.5 47090.3

Transmission System Development

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TRANSMISSION SYSTEM INVESTMENTSAND FINANCING

• AMOUNT:– BETWEEN 2005‐2009,  TOTAL TRANSMISSION LINE AND SUBSTATION 

INVESTMENT AMOUNT IS:

1,2 Billion US $

• FINANCING:– 319 Million US$ ‐ LOAN from WB

– 881 Million US$ ‐ TEIAS Resources• TEIAS revenues from approved transmission tariff and connection charges.

• IN THE LAST TEN YEARS, TEIAS USED APPROXIMATELY 473 MILLION US$ LOAN FROM WB.

• FOR SOME POWER PLANT PROJECTS DEVELOPED BY PRIVATE SECTOR, POWER PLANT INVESTOR FINANCE THE TRANSMISSIN LINE AND IT IS PAID BACK FROM TRANSMISSION SYSTEM USE TARIFF IN 10 YEARS.

18Budak Dilli

ELECTRICITY INTERCONNECTIONS OF TURKEY

400 kV Existing400 kV Under Construction220 kV Existing154 kV Existing

IRAQ

SYRIA

IRAN

ARMENIA

GEORGIA

BULGARIA

GREECE

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FROM S/S TO S/S U, kV Note

Hopa (Turkey) Batumi (Georgia) 220 Currently Operated for Import. (Isolated

Region Mode)

Kars (Turkey) Gumri (Armenia) 220 Not operated.

Iğdır (Turkey)Babek (NahcievanAzerbaijan)

154 Currently Operated for Import. (Isolated Region Mode)

Doğubeyazıt (Turkey)

Bazargan (Iran) 154 Not operated.

T-Connection (Engil s/s –Bagisli s/s 154 kV line) (Turkey)

Khoy (Iran) 400 Currently Operated at 154 kV for Import. (Isolated Region Mode)

EXISTING INTERCONNECTIONS OF TURKEY

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FROM S/S TO S/S U, kV Note

Karkey (Turkey)

Zakho(Iraq)

400 Currently Operated at 154 kV for Export. (Isolated Region Mode)

Birecik HPP (Turkey)

Aleppo (Syria) 400 Currently Operated for Export. (Isolated

Region Mode)

Hamitabat(Turkey)

Maritsa(Bulgaria)

400 Not Operated Yet (ENTSO /UCTE)

Babaeski(Turkey)

Maritsa (Bulgaria) 400

Not Operated. (ENTSO /UCTE)

Babaeski(Turkey)

Phillippi(Greece)

400Not Operated. (ENTSO /UCTE)

EXISTING INTERCONNECTIONS OF TURKEY

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Future Interconnections

Turkey‐Georgia:Construction of a new 400 kV Akhaltsikhe‐Borçka transmission line together   with a DC Back‐to‐back station at Georgian side.Turkey‐Romania:400 kV HVDC submarine cable under Black Sea with carrying capacity 600 MW and converter  stations at the end  points of the cable is agreed to be constructed between two countries. Feasibility Studies are ongoing.Turkey‐Iraq:Construction of 400 kV Cizre (Turkey) ‐Musul (Iraq) interconnection line is under  planning stage. Turkey‐Iran:In order to improve the energy exchange between the countries a new project is under consideration by providing asynchronous connection through construction of a DC Back‐to‐Back station to be linked to existing 400 kV Khoy‐Başkale‐Van transmission line.Mediterranean Electricity Ring Project.

Black Sea Electricity Ring Project.

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Turkey-UCTE (ENTSO-E) Connection: (Synchronous operation of Turkish Power system with Europe)

1. Complementary Technical Studies for the Synchronization of Turkish Power System with the UCTE System started at 2003 and finalized with success in April 2007. Within this project, required technical conditions for Turkish Power System was determined, for synchronization with the ENTSO-E Continental Europe Power System.

2. Rehabilitation of the Frequency Control Performance of Turkish Power System for Synchronous Operation with UCTE ( started at 2007 ongoing). Within the scope of the project, Turkish Power System is being prepared for parallel operation with ENTSO-E, regarding power and frequency control, steady state and transient stability.

Integration With  European Internal Market via Southeast European Regional Market 

• Optimization  and  Rehabilitation  work  completed  in many  thermal  (lignite  and  natural  gas  fired)    and  hydraulic  power  plants  for  primary  and  secondary frequency control.

• The existing inherent frequency control problem has already been eliminated.

• The SPS at the interface to manage extreme contingencies is implemented .

• Measures to damp the 0.15Hz inter‐area oscillations implemented.

• HPP governor tunings, AVR & PSS tuning, Installation of STATCOM completed. 23Budak Dilli

Tests in Island Mode of Operation were successfully performed under maximum load conditions in January 2010 and will be performed under minimum load conditions in March 2010.

Trial synchronous operation with ENTSO-E Continental Europe System will start at September18.

After successful trial synchronous operation, Turkish transmission network will be a part of Continental European Network and Energy exchange will be possible via 3x400 kV transmission Lines.

Cross-Border trade rules will be in accordance with EU Internal MarketDirectives.

Coordination in regional market will be carried by Southeast Europe regional coordination center.

Integration With  European Internal Market via Southeast European Regional Market 

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Frequency Deviation Improvement

Absolute Frequency Deviation (minutely avarages) df>50, df>100, df>150

42,7

6 45,4

9

49,4

4 51,1

8

51,6

8

44,0

4

50,7

1

48,1

1

42,2

46,9

6

45,4

8

46,0

7

46,1

1

41,2

4

41,4

2

47,6

4

46,1

2

43,1

6

39,0

8

39,2

9

40,4

5 43,0

6

51,5

8

48,4

7

47,7

8

33,3

2

28,6

3

27,0

3 30,2

2

31,2

6

31,6

6

23,8

3

23,9

1

23,1

4

8,58

11,6

4

12,9

9 14,8

14,7

6

9,71

13,7

3

13,2

8

10,2

2

13,7

2

12,1

5

12,4

4

13,1

6

10,1

9 12,9

2

16,2

9

15,9

5

12,7

8

11,0

5

12

11

12,6

5

18,0

8

14,5

3

14,2

2

5,03

3,04

2,59

2,48 3,

25 4,5

2,03

2 1,68

1,61 2,

37 2,63 3,

85

3,48

1,79 2,

95 3,48

2,51 3,

75

3 2,89 3,46

2,63 3,

86 5,66

5,79

3,94

3,4 4,06

3,29

3,5

5,65

4,03

3,88

0,7

0,36

0,36

0,17

0,35 0,76

0,25

0,23

0,12

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

June

2007

July

2007

Augus

t 200

7

Septem

ber 2

007

Octobe

r 200

7

Novem

ber 2

007

Decem

ber 2

007

Janu

ary 20

08

Februa

ry 20

08

March 2

008

April 2

008

May.08

June

2008

July

2008

Augus

t 200

8

Septem

ber 2

008

Octobe

r 200

8

Novem

ber 2

008

Decem

ber 2

008

Janu

ary 20

09

Februa

ry 20

09

March 2

009

April 2

009

May.09

June

2009

July

2009

Augus

t 200

9

Septem

ber 2

009

Octobe

r 200

9

Novem

ber 2

009

Decem

ber 2

009

Janu

ary 20

10

Februa

ry 20

10

March 2

010

months

% d

f

df>50df>100df>150

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Frequency Control Performance(11.04.2009)

26

System Frequency vs time

Budak Dilli

Frequency Control Performance (03.08.2009)

System Frequency vs time

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THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION

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