8/4/2019 TURKEYS FOREIGN POLICY TOWARDS MIDDLE EAST

1/15

PREPARED BY:IRAM MUSTAHSAN

MPHIL INTERNATIONALRELATIONS

SESSION 2010-12

KINNAIRD COLLEGEFOR WOMEN

TURKEYS FOREIGN POLICY

TOWARDS MIDDLE EAST(Post 1990 Era)

8/4/2019 TURKEYS FOREIGN POLICY TOWARDS MIDDLE EAST

2/15

INTRODUCTION

Emergence of Turkey in 1922

Mustafa Kemal_____First president of Turkey

Six Principles were being introduced

Republicanism, Secularism, Nationalism, Populism,Revolutionism, Etatism

8/4/2019 TURKEYS FOREIGN POLICY TOWARDS MIDDLE EAST

3/15

FIRST PHASE

(1923-1940)

Turkey.a Republic State

Peaceful and Friendly Foreign Policy

In 1926, Ankara accepted the integration of Mosul

into Iraq Treaty of Friendship with Greece and Balkan in 1930

and 1934 respectively

Agreements with Iran

Saadabad Treaty of 1937

8/4/2019 TURKEYS FOREIGN POLICY TOWARDS MIDDLE EAST

4/15

SECOND PHASE(1940-1961)

Kemal Attaturk Death in 1940

Ismet InonuKemals immediate successor becamethe President

World War Two and Turkeys Neutral Policy Internal Westernization of Turkey lead towards open

elections in 1950

Democratic Party won and they also continued thesame policy

8/4/2019 TURKEYS FOREIGN POLICY TOWARDS MIDDLE EAST

5/15

SECOND PHASE Continued

Turkey also began to involve in Middle East

Various pacts were made to combat communism

The elected government also intimidate anti-

western regimes in Middle East In 1960, through a military coup the government was

demolished

8/4/2019 TURKEYS FOREIGN POLICY TOWARDS MIDDLE EAST

6/15

THIRD PHASE1961-1979

New government of Ismet Inonu

Rapprochement with the Arab World

This phase go through mistrust against West

Political events like Jupiter Missile Crisis and CyprusCrisis aggravated the situation

Thus, attempt to normalize relations with the Arabworld was partly a response of thesedisaappointments

8/4/2019 TURKEYS FOREIGN POLICY TOWARDS MIDDLE EAST

7/15

FOURTH PHASE(1980-2002)

The fourth phase started after the military coup in1980

The most important development during this phase

was the end of Cold War After the end of Cold War, Turkeys foreign policy

based on security concerns

Another important development was the decision of

EU to accept Turkey as a candidate country in 1999

8/4/2019 TURKEYS FOREIGN POLICY TOWARDS MIDDLE EAST

8/15

FOURTH PHASE(CONTINUED)

Reformulation in Turkeys Foreign Policy

Real change was seen after the emergence of Justiceand Development Party in 2002

Foreign Minister Ahmet Davotoglu introduced theStrategic Depth doctrine

Zero Problems with Neighbors

Five Pillars of new Foreign Policy Doctrine

Turkey as a regional player

8/4/2019 TURKEYS FOREIGN POLICY TOWARDS MIDDLE EAST

9/15

RATIONALE

Importance of Turkey

Different views regarding Turkeys Role

Where is Turkey Going?

8/4/2019 TURKEYS FOREIGN POLICY TOWARDS MIDDLE EAST

10/15

SIGNIFICANCE

Knowledge about the emerging trends in TurkeysForeign Policy

Emerging Economic Power

Further Dimensions of Research

8/4/2019 TURKEYS FOREIGN POLICY TOWARDS MIDDLE EAST

11/15

OBJECTIVES

To compare its contemporary policy with the Past

To analyze its success in pursuing strategic depth

doctrine

To evaluate possible implications

8/4/2019 TURKEYS FOREIGN POLICY TOWARDS MIDDLE EAST

12/15

RESEARCH QUESTIONS

Which Foreign policy tools are being used by Turkeyto pursue a successful foreign policy with itsneighbors?

What aims Turkey wants to achieve through itscontemporary foreign policy?

How far is Turkey successful in the Middle East?

8/4/2019 TURKEYS FOREIGN POLICY TOWARDS MIDDLE EAST

13/15

LITERATURE REVIEW

Larrabee, F. Stephen and Ian O. Lesser in thebook Turkish Foreign Policy in an Age ofUncertainty described various reasons of Turkeysinvolvement in the Middle East region

Oleg Svet in his article Turkeys Zero ProblemForeign Policy: An Untenable Balancing Actdiscusses the shift in current turkeys foreign policy

Yaprak Gursoyin his article Democratization and

Foreign Policy Reforms in Turkey: Europeanizationof Turkish Politics? Intends to explore the newdirection of turkey in international politics.

8/4/2019 TURKEYS FOREIGN POLICY TOWARDS MIDDLE EAST

14/15

REFERENCES

1. Akgun, Mensur, Senyusel, Sabiha, & Percinoglu, Gockce. (2010). The perception of

turkey in the middle east. Ankara: TESEV Publishers.

2. Kirisci, Kemal. (2011). Turkey's "demonstrative effect" and the transformation of the

Middle East.Insight Turkey, 13(2), 33-55.

3. Lesser, Ian O., & Larrabee, Stephen F. (2003). Turkish foreign policy in an age of

uncertainty. Santa Monica, CA: RAND Corporation.

4. Muftuler, Meltem, & Gursoy, Yaprak. (2010). Is there a Europeanization of Turkish

foreign policy?. Turkish Studies, 11(3), 405-427.

5. Nas, Cidgem. (2010). Changing dynamics of Turkish foreign policy and the

european union. Turkish Policy Quarterly, 9(4), 117-131.

6. Onis, Ziya. (2011). Multiple faces of the new Turkish foreign policy: underlying

dynamics and a critique.Insight Turkey, 13(1), 47-65.

8/4/2019 TURKEYS FOREIGN POLICY TOWARDS MIDDLE EAST

15/15

REFERENCES

7. Ozturk, Asiye. (2008). Turkey~Europes bridge to the Middle East. Israel Journal of

Foreign Affairs, 2(2), 73-77.

8. Perthes, Volker. (2010). Turkey's role in the Middle East: an outsider's perspective.

Insight Turkey, 12(4), 1-8

9. Shireen, Tahmasseb. (2011). Turkey's new activist foreign policy: challenges and

oppertunities for iran. Just Peace Diplomacy Journal, (3), Retrieved from http://peace-

ipsc.org/wp-content/uploads/2011/04/IPSC-No-3-English-Side-2.pdf

10. Taspinar, Omer. (2008). Turkey's Middle East policies between neo ottomanism

and kemalism. Washington, D.C.: Carneige Endowment for International Peace

Publications Department.11.Yaprak, Gursoy. (2010). Democratization and foreign policy reforms in Turkey:

Europeanization of Turkish politics?.International Journal of Legal Information, 38(2),

Retrieved from http://scholarship.law.cornell.edu/ijli/vol38/iss2/14/

http://peace-ipsc.org/wp-content/uploads/2011/04/IPSC-No-3-English-Side-2.pdfhttp://peace-ipsc.org/wp-content/uploads/2011/04/IPSC-No-3-English-Side-2.pdfhttp://peace-ipsc.org/wp-content/uploads/2011/04/IPSC-No-3-English-Side-2.pdfhttp://peace-ipsc.org/wp-content/uploads/2011/04/IPSC-No-3-English-Side-2.pdfhttp://peace-ipsc.org/wp-content/uploads/2011/04/IPSC-No-3-English-Side-2.pdfhttp://peace-ipsc.org/wp-content/uploads/2011/04/IPSC-No-3-English-Side-2.pdfhttp://peace-ipsc.org/wp-content/uploads/2011/04/IPSC-No-3-English-Side-2.pdfhttp://peace-ipsc.org/wp-content/uploads/2011/04/IPSC-No-3-English-Side-2.pdfhttp://peace-ipsc.org/wp-content/uploads/2011/04/IPSC-No-3-English-Side-2.pdfhttp://peace-ipsc.org/wp-content/uploads/2011/04/IPSC-No-3-English-Side-2.pdfhttp://peace-ipsc.org/wp-content/uploads/2011/04/IPSC-No-3-English-Side-2.pdfhttp://peace-ipsc.org/wp-content/uploads/2011/04/IPSC-No-3-English-Side-2.pdfhttp://peace-ipsc.org/wp-content/uploads/2011/04/IPSC-No-3-English-Side-2.pdfhttp://peace-ipsc.org/wp-content/uploads/2011/04/IPSC-No-3-English-Side-2.pdfhttp://peace-ipsc.org/wp-content/uploads/2011/04/IPSC-No-3-English-Side-2.pdfhttp://peace-ipsc.org/wp-content/uploads/2011/04/IPSC-No-3-English-Side-2.pdfhttp://peace-ipsc.org/wp-content/uploads/2011/04/IPSC-No-3-English-Side-2.pdfhttp://peace-ipsc.org/wp-content/uploads/2011/04/IPSC-No-3-English-Side-2.pdfhttp://peace-ipsc.org/wp-content/uploads/2011/04/IPSC-No-3-English-Side-2.pdfhttp://peace-ipsc.org/wp-content/uploads/2011/04/IPSC-No-3-English-Side-2.pdfhttp://peace-ipsc.org/wp-content/uploads/2011/04/IPSC-No-3-English-Side-2.pdfhttp://peace-ipsc.org/wp-content/uploads/2011/04/IPSC-No-3-English-Side-2.pdfhttp://peace-ipsc.org/wp-content/uploads/2011/04/IPSC-No-3-English-Side-2.pdfhttp://peace-ipsc.org/wp-content/uploads/2011/04/IPSC-No-3-English-Side-2.pdfhttp://peace-ipsc.org/wp-content/uploads/2011/04/IPSC-No-3-English-Side-2.pdfhttp://peace-ipsc.org/wp-content/uploads/2011/04/IPSC-No-3-English-Side-2.pdfhttp://peace-ipsc.org/wp-content/uploads/2011/04/IPSC-No-3-English-Side-2.pdf