Upload
christina-lynch
View
218
Download
0
Tags:
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
Inflammation
• Is a protective response
• The body’s response to injury
• Interwoven with the repair process
Causes of inflammation
• Bacterial• Viral• Protozoal• Metazoal• Fungal• Immunological• Tumours• Chemicals, toxins etc• Radiation
Inflammation
The basis of the five cardinal signs
• Increased blood flow due to vascular dilatation gives redness and heat.
• Increased vascular permeability gives oedema causing tissue swelling.
• Certain chemical mediators stimulate sensory nerve endings giving pain. Nerves also stimulated by stretching from oedema.
• Pain and swelling result in loss of function.
Arachidonic acid metabolites
HETE = hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acidHPETE = hydroperoxyeicosatetraenoic acid
Effects of inflammation and their major mediators
Vasodilation:Prostaglandins, NO
Increased vascular permeability:Histamine, serotonin, C3a, C5a, bradykinin,
Leukotrienes C4, D4, E4, platelet activating factor
Chemotaxis, leukocyte activation:C5a, lekotriene B4, bacterial products, chemokines (IL-8)
Fever:IL-1, IL-6, TNF, prostaglandins
Pain:Prostaglandins, bradykinin
Tissue damage:Neutrophil and macrophage lysosomal enzymes, oxygen metabolites
NO
Granulomatous inflammation
Bacterial:TB, Leprosy, Syphillis, cat-scratch disease
Parasitic:Schistosomiasis
Fungal:Histoplasma, blastomycosis, cryptococcus
Inorganics, metals, dusts:Silicosis, berrylliosis
Foreign body
Unknown:Sarcoidosis