Jatropha curcas

Prof. K.S. Neelakantan, I.F.S.

Dean

Forest College & Research institute

BIODIESEL

Dr.Rudolf Diesel – 1895

– Peanut oil

The use of vegetable oils for

engine fuel may seem

insignificant today. But

such oils may become in

course of time as important

as petroleum and the coal

tar products of the present

time

Origin

South America & Africa

16th century – India – Portugese settlers.

Concept of Biodiesel

Soya based Biodiesel –U.S.A

Rape seed based biodiesel – German

Sunflower based biodiesel – France & U.K

Incentives & tax concessions are offered.

World Energy Consumption (in MOTE)

Country Oil Gas Coal Nuclear Hydro Total Per

capita

KG

USA 883 553 543 198 26 2205 8077

China 200 19 511 4.1 18 753 602

India 95 21 150 3.3 7 276 277

% 34 8 54 1.1 2.5 100

Africa 116 47 89 3.9 6 261 416

Japan 259 67 92 82 8 507 3995

World 3462 2064 2130 651 227 8537 1428

Indian Production and Import of Crude Oil (Million tones)

Year Production Import Total Import

%

Cost

Rs.

in Crores

1971 6.8 11.7 18.5 63 107

1981 10.5 16.2 26.7 61 3349

1991 33 20.7 53.7 39 6118

2001 32 57.9 89.9 64 30695

2002 32 73.5 105 70 90,000

Planning Commission - GoI

Vision

Phase I – Demonstration Project 2003-2007

Phase II – Self sustaining & expansion 2007-2012

IIM Ahamadabad Study –In Gujarat & Maharashtra

Jatropha is popular as soap oil

Planning Commission – GoI (Contd...)

Micro Mission

Forest land - Gujarat, Chatisgargh, Tamil Nadu, Tripura

50000/ha/state

Non-forest land - NOVOD Board, Ministry of Agrl. &

Cooperatives

Other lands - Other Dept. of Rural Development

Procurement of

Seed & oil extraction - KVIC

Transesterification,

Blending & Trade - IOC, Ministry of Petroleum

R & D - SAUs, I I Ts

TN Government

Initiatives

Forest College

&

Jatropha

Ongoing Projects

1. Afforestation of wasteland through

energy plantations – SLUB

2. NOVOD – Networking project on

Jatropha

3. University – Venture Capital

4. ICAR – Network Project on TBO’s

5. ICAR – Agroforestry

6. ICAR under utilized crop

Crop Mandate – 1992 onwards

Jatropha Cultivation

& Management

Propagation –

seeds & cuttings

Soil – wide range

Climate - arid & semi arid

Spacing –2x2m to 3x3m

Irrigation

Nil – with proper & well

distributed rainfall

Additional irrigation – need

based

Fertilizer Application

Organic – FYM – 5 kg/plant

Inorganic – 20g of urea

120 g super p

16 g m.o.p

Biofertilizers – Azo. 10 g

VAM 50 g

Pest and Disease

Pest – Defoliator

Disease

Nursery –

Damping off

Field – Root rot

Bavistin & COC

1st yield – 1st year

Harvestable yield – 3rd year

Economic yield – 5th year

Rainfed – 200 g to 2.5 kg

Irrigated – 500 g to 5 kg

Yield

Germplasm

Species collection

Jatropha curcas

Jatropha curcas (nontoxic)

J. curcas x J integrerrima

Jatropha gossypifolia

Jatropha glandulifera

Jatropha tanjorensis

Jatropha multifida

Jatropha podagrica

Jatropha integerrima

Seed sources – 19

Oil content - 26.6 to 35.5%

TNMC-6

Production and Supply of Quality

Planting Materials

State Agricultural Dept.

Horticultural Dept.

DRDA

Railways

NGO’s

Agroindustries & Farmers

1.5 lakhs seedlings have been

supplied

1. Development of hybrids

2. Screening superior clones for higher

productivity, resistance and drought

tolerance

3. Developing strategies for mass

multiplication of superior cultivars

4. Development of non-toxic Jatropha

5. Production, supply & establishment

of bio-diesel park in every agro-

ecological zones

6. Human Resource Development

Institute offers Trainings to

Farmers

Departmental Personnel

NGO’s and

Trainers Training Programme

7. Short and long term consultancy to agro-based industries

and farmers

Requirement of Land for Jatropha

For Indian Railways

5% - 52,000 ha

10% - 1,04,000 ha

20% - 2,08,000 ha

For India

5% - 1.185 millionha

10% - 2.37 million ha

20% - 4.75 million ha

Cost of Cultivation / ha (TNAU)

Land Poor soil / Rainfed

Spacing 2 x 1.5

Density 3330

I II III

Land preparation 2000 0 0

Planting of seedlings 6600

@Rs.2/- per seedlings

0 0

Cost of FYM 0 0 0

Fertilizer 0 0 0

Irrigation 0 0 0

Weeding/ intercultivation/

harvesting

2000 2000 2000

Total 10600 2000 2000

Cost of Cultivation / ha (NGO’s) Seed

Land Normal Soil Fertile Soil

Spacing 2 x 2 2 x 3

Density 2500 1670

I Yr. II Yr. III Yr. I Yr. II Yr. III Yr.

Land

preparation

2000 0 0 1670 0 0

Planting of

seedlings

5000 Rs.2/-

per seedlings

0 0 3330@Rs.2/-

per seedlings

0 0

Cost of FYM 1500 0 0 1500 0 0

Fertilizer 0 2000 2000 0 2000 2000

Irrigation 2000 1500 1500 2000 1500 1500

Weeding/

intercultivation/harvesting

2000 2000 2000 2000 2000 2000

Total 12500 5500 5500 10500 5500 5500

Cost of Cultivation / ha (NGO’s)

* May be subsidized @Rs.2/- per seedlings

Seedlings

Land Normal Fertile

Spacing 2 x 2 2 x 3

Density 2500 1670

I Yr. II Yr. III Yr. I Yr. II Yr. III Yr.

Land

preparation

2000 0 0 1670 0 0

Planting of

seedlings

10000 Rs.4/-

per seedlings*

0 0 8680 Rs.4/-

per seedlings*

0 0

Cost of FYM 1500 0 0 1500 0 0

Fertilizer 0 2000 2000 0 2000 2000

Irrigation 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000

Weeding/

intercultivation/

harvesting

2500 2500 2500 2500 2500 2500

Total 19000 7500 7500 17350 7500 7500

Yield and Economic Projections

Poor Soil / Rainfed

(TNAU)

Normal Soil

(NGO’s)

Fertile Soil

(NGO’s)

Planting density 2 x 1.5 m 2 x 2 m 2 x 3 m

Population/ha 3330 2500 1670

Seed yield/plant (3rd year) 200 g (Unpruned) 1.00 kg 1.500 kg

Seed yield/ha 670 kg (Unpruned) 2500 kg 2500 kg

Oil kg – 30% 220 kg 830 kg 830 kg

Cake kg – 70% 450 kg 1670 kg 1670 kg

Revenue @ Rs.20/kg oil Rs.4400 Rs.16600 Rs.16600

Revenue @ Rs.5/kg cake Rs.2250 Rs.8350 Rs.8350

Gross Total Rs.6650 Rs.24950 Rs.24950

TNAU – Pilot Plant for Bio-diesel

Cost of plant - Rs. 1.5 lakhs

Capacity - 250 lit/day

Conversion efficiency - 99%

Bye product - Glycerol

Cost of production - Rs. 4 to 5 / lit

of bio-diesel

Effect on Rural Economy

Seed price – Rs.5/kg

Seed yield – 2000 – 3000 kg

5 ha plantations/Group

Rs.60,000 per year income

Gainful employment in rural sector

Contribution to national energy pool