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1 © Nokia Siemens Networks
LTE Overview
Nigel Chan (陳銘邦)Head of Solution Engagement, Network System THM
10 June 2010
2 © Nokia Siemens Networks
Contents
• LTE Market Overview• LTE Standardisation and Architecture• Radio Access Technology• Core Network Technology• LTE-Advance
3 © Nokia Siemens Networks
Our market vision 2015 – the world connected A major opportunity for everyone …
Broadband everywhere
Multitude of business models
Applications predominantly in the Internet
Internet as the heartbeat of a
modern society
5 billion people connected
4 © Nokia Siemens Networks
How to maintain profitable business?
… but there are big challenges ahead of us
• Stagnating voice revenues• Exploding mobile traffic• Significant cost pressure
5 billion people connected
5 © Nokia Siemens Networks
Key challenges for mobile data
• Best price, transparent flat rate• Full Internet • Click-bang responsiveness
• reduce cost per bit• provide high data rate• provide low latency
Source: Light Reading (adapted)
The Users’ expectation… ..leads to the operator’s challenges
Reduction of network cost isnecessary to remain profitable
Devices & applications drive traffic growth
LTE: lower cost per bit and improved end user experience
Voice dominated Data dominated
Traffic
Revenue
Revenues and Trafficdecoupled
Traf
ficvo
lum
e
€/bi
t
Time
Profitability
The challenge
6 © Nokia Siemens Networks
… and a truly E2E LTE solution is needed
Proven managed services,
consulting, and implementation
support
Energy Efficient Multi-Radio BTS
OSS system for multi-technology
management
Mobile backhaul solution for LTE
Subscription management and charging systems
Smooth Evolution from GSM / WCDMA
/ HSPA to LTE
Market leading application platform
for rich value-added services
Flat network architecture
experience for LTE
Internet
End-userterminals
Proven interoperability with
leading terminal providers
7 © Nokia Siemens Networks
• Higher data rates marketing accelerate NW evolution
• HSPA and in future LTE services serving premium customers are source of operator revenue growth
• Maintain optimum servicesfor most demandingcustomer segment
• Revenues and traffic are becoming decoupled by the introduction of flat-rates
• Automation of operational processes for increasedefficiency and lower cost
• Growing awareness of green values in developed markets
• Pressure from non-governmental environmental organizations e.g. WWF
• Operators have both GSM/EDGE and WCDMA/HSPA networks. Smoothest evolution path to LTE required.
• Migration from CDMA to 3GPP technologies is accelerating
How to cater for 100X traffic growth and maintain operator profitability ?
How to ensure investment protection with an unbeatable network evolution ?
Market trends and operator success factorsMarket Trend Operator opportunities/
challenges for success
Gro
wth
in
data
traf
fic
Tota
l C
ost o
f O
wne
r-sh
ipG
reen
va
lues
Tech
nolo
gy
evol
utio
n
How to achieve the greenest network?
LTE
WCDMA, HSPA, HSPA evolution
WiMAX
GSM,EDGE,EDGE evolution
LTE
8 © Nokia Siemens Networks
2010 – LTE is becoming reality
59 LTE network operator commitments in 28 countries
380 million subscribers by 2015Forecast for LTE lead markets by Research and Markets
Up to 22 LTE networks expected to be commercially launched by end 2010(and 37 LTE networks in service by end 2012)
9 © Nokia Siemens Networks
Market Situation: LTE Launches
Current Status on LTE launches:
– TeliaSonera LTE service launch in Stockholm and Oslo on Dec. 14, 2009, as first network in the world.
– TS launching pilots in Finland within 1Q/2010, & Denmark shortly after (license in April 2010)
– Verizon Wireless released some details on LTE plans: launch 25..30 markets in 2010; Double within 15 months. Entire current 3G footprint to be covered by LTE end-of-2013.
– NTT DoCoMo will launch Dec.2010coverage area of TeliaSonera launchDowntown Stockholm area, launch on Dec.14, 2009Initially 100 selected users, from Jan.14 – general access (terminal delivery starts for ordinary people having been on waiting list since launch )
10 © Nokia Siemens Networks
Key architectural concept.Flat and cost effective Mobile Network
Access Core Control
W-CDMA BTSRNC
IMS HLR/HSS
2G BTS BSCMSCMGW
SGSN GGSN
LTE BTS (eNodeB)
MGW
MMESAE-GW
• New air I/F providing higher data throughputs• LTE provides flexibility for spectrum re-farming
and new spectrum• LTE can operate in a number of different
frequency bands
• Simplified, flat network architecture based on IP reduces operators’ cost per bit significantly
• Interworking with legacy systems is an integral part of service continuity
• Re-use of existing equipment as much as possible
Improved flexible radio technology Simpler architecture for reduced OPEX
GSM/EDGE/
UMTS/HSPA
LTE / SAE
11 © Nokia Siemens Networks
Radio technology roadmap – converging to LTE
2007 2008 2009 2010 2020
GSM/EDGEWCDMA/HSPA
CDMA
evolutionevolution
CellularNetworks
LTE
LTE as global cellular mobile-broadband technologySmooth interworking with existing cellular networks
assures service continuity
12 © Nokia Siemens Networks
Answering the challenges
Investment protectionData Growth
Nokia Siemens NetworksLTE Solution
•How to increase operational efficiency?•How to increase resource efficiency?
10% higher staff-efficiency for network operation from NetAct and SON25% less site visits for maintenance and upgrades30-50% lower power consumption – with credibility
One all purpose BTS
Cost awareness
• Best re-use of existing sites?• Easy and efficient site evolution?
SW-based evolution to LTESuperior throughput from LTEShortest time to revenue via smooth upgrade path
• Easy and efficient evolution?• Offer new services when needed?
13 © Nokia Siemens Networks
LTE Standardisation and Architecture
14 © Nokia Siemens Networks
Requirements setup for LTE standardization… and design choices by 3GPP• Packet switched domain optimized
Flat dual node architecture, Node B controlled RRM• One way (radio) delay below 5 ms
Fast scheduling in UL and DL supported (granularity 1 ms)• Ensure good level of mobility and security
Reusing and adapting principles from UMTS• Improve terminal power efficiency
SC-FDMA for UL, advanced DRX/DTX functions• Frequency allocation flexibility
1.4, 3, 5, 10, 15 and 20 MHz allocations specified• Performance
– Peak rates uplink/downlink 50/100 Mbps– Higher radio capacity: Depending on the case 3-4 times higher capacity
expected than with Release 6 HSDPA/HSUPA reference case
15 © Nokia Siemens Networks
LTE standardization
• End of 2004 3GPP workshop on UTRAN long term evolution• March 2005 Study item started• December 2005 Multiple access selected• March 2006 Functional split between radio and core agreed• September 2006 Study item closed, work item agreed• December 2007 1st version of radio specs approved• March 2009 Backwards compatibility started (ASN.1 frozen)
Rel-9 started
Rel-10 LTE-A started
16 © Nokia Siemens Networks
LTE TDD and FDD in one specificationWith 2 frame structure options
17 © Nokia Siemens Networks
Trusted Non-3GPP IP Access
Evolved Packet Core (EPC)
2G
ePDGUser planeControl plane
SAE Gateway
Untrusted Non-3GPP IP Access
LTE
SGSN
BSC
RNC
SGSN
Radio Access NetworkOther access networks
eNode-B MME
ServingGW
PDNGW
Non-3GPP
IMS
Services in Packet Data Network
Internet
Operator services
Company intranets
PCRFHSS AAA
3GPP R8 network architecture
3G
18 © Nokia Siemens Networks
Network evolution towards LTE flat architecture
GGSN
RNC
Node-B
HSPA3GPP R6
= control plane= user plane
GGSN
Node-B with RNC
funct.
HSPA3GPP R7
SGSN
LTE R8
GGSN
RNC
Node-B
HSPA3GPP R7
Direct tunnel Internet HSPA
GGSNSAE GW
SGSN DirecttunnelSGSN SGSN/
MME
eNode-B
Directtunnel
19 © Nokia Siemens Networks
LTE/SAE Overview
Only one Network Element in Radio and Core eachFocus is on enhancement of Packet Switched technologyhigh data rates, low latency, packet optimised flat IP systemComprehensive Security
Mobility Concept with tight Integration for 3GPP accessesStreamlined SAE Bearer Model with Network Centric QoS HandlingOn/Offline & Flow Based Charging
Core Switching & TransportAccess
LTE BTS(eNodeB)
MMESAE-GW
HSS/AAA
Core Control
PCRF
PCRF: Policy and Charging Control Function
IMS
20 © Nokia Siemens Networks
3GPP Supported FDD Frequency Bands
12345
789
62x25
2x752x602x60
2x70
2x45
2x352x35
2x10824-849
1710-17851850-19101920-1980
2500-2570
1710-1755
880-9151749.9-1784.9
830-840
Total [MHz] Uplink [MHz]
869-894
1805-18801930-19902110-2170
2620-2690
2110-2155
925-9601844.9-1879.9
875-885
Downlink [MHz]
10 2x60 1710-1770 2110-217011 2x20 1427.9-1447.9 1475.9-1495.9
1800
2600900
US AWS
UMTS coreUS PCS
US 850Japan 800
Japan 1700
Japan 1500Extended AWS
Europe /Asia Japan Americas
788-798 758-768777-787 746-756 US700
2x102x1013
12 2x18 698-716 728-746
14704-716 734-7462x1217
US700
US700
EU800
815-830 860-8752x1518US700
830-845 875-8902x1519832-862 791-8212x3020
Japan new 800Japan new 800
35001447.9-1462.9 1495.9-1510.92x1521
3410-3500 3510-36002x9022Japan 1500 ext
21 © Nokia Siemens Networks
3GPP Supported TDD Frequency Bands
3334353637
3940
3820
601520
40
60
100
501910-1930
1850-19102010-20251900-1920
1880-1920
1930-1990
2300-2400
2570-2620
Total [MHz] Uplink [MHz]
USAUSA
UMTS bandUMTS band
USA2600 mid
Europe AmericasChina / Asia
China/AsiaChina
22 © Nokia Siemens Networks
Functional Split between E-UTRAN and EPC• eNode-B hosts the following functions:
– Radio Resource Management– IP header compression and encryption– Selection of an MME at UE attachment;– Routing of User Plane data towards SAE Gateway;– Scheduling and transmission of paging messages and broadcast information– Measurement and measurement reporting configuration for mobility and scheduling
• MME hosts the following functions:– Distribution of paging messages to the eNBs– Idle state mobility control– Ciphering and integrity protection of NAS
signalling
• SAE Gateway hosts the following functions:– Termination of U-plane packets for paging reasons – Switching of U-plane for support of UE mobility.
23 © Nokia Siemens Networks
Radio Access overview
24 © Nokia Siemens Networks
TDMA FDMA CDMA OFDMA
f f
f
t
f
tcode
s
f
f
t
f
t
f
• Time Division • Frequency Division • Code Division • Frequency Division• Orthogonal subcarriers
Multiple Access Methods
User 1 User 2 User 3 User ..
25 © Nokia Siemens Networks
Downlink - OFDMSubchannels / Tones (each 15 kHz)
time
1 TTI= 1ms
1 PRB (Physical Resource Block) = 12 Subcarriers = 180 kHz
1 PRB = 2 Slots = 2 * 0.5 ms
1.4 MHz = 72 Tones 20 MHz = 1200 TonesUser 1
User 2
User 3
User ..
26 © Nokia Siemens Networks
Uplink – Single Carrier FDMA
SC-FDMA: PRB‘s are grouped to bring down Peak to Average Power Ratio (PAPR)> better power efficiency at the terminal
1.4 MHz = 72 Tones 20 MHz = 1200 Tones
Subchannels / Tones (each 15 kHz)tim
e
1 TTI= 1ms
1 PRB (Physical Resource Block) = 12 Subcarriers = 180 kHz
1 PRB = 2 Slots = 2 * 0.5 ms
User 1
User 2
User 3
User ..
27 © Nokia Siemens Networks
The Beauties of LTE
Channel only changes amplitude and phase of subcarriers
Fast Link Adaptation
due to channel
behaviour
Short TTI = 1 msTransmission time interval
AdvancedScheduling
Time & Freq.
TX RX
Tx RxMIMO
Channel
DL: OFDMA
UL: SC-FDMA
scalable
ARQAutomatic Repeat
Request
64QAMModulation
28 © Nokia Siemens Networks
LTE Radio principles
• Power efficient uplink increasing battery lifetime• Improved cell edge performance by low peak to average ratio• Reduced Terminal complexity
Uplink:
SC-FDMA
• Enabling peak cell data rates of 173 Mbps DL and 58 Mbps in UL *
• Scalable bandwidth: 1.4 / 3 / 5 / 10 /15 / 20 MHz also allows deployment in lower frequency bands (rural coverage, refarming)
• Short latency: 10 – 20 ms **
• Improved spectral efficiency• Reduced interference• Very well suited for MIMO
Downlink:
OFDMA
* At 20 MHz bandwidth, FDD, 2 Tx, 2 Rx, DL MIMO, PHY layer gross bit rate ** roundtrip ping delay (server near RAN)
29 © Nokia Siemens Networks
Peak data rates will continue to grow…
14 Mbps
0.4 Mbps
14 Mbps
5.7 Mbps
28 Mbps1
11 Mbps
Downlink peak rate
Uplink peak rate
3GPP Rel5 3GPP Rel6 3GPP Rel7 3GPP Rel8
• HSPA downlink data rate increases with 2x2 MIMO or DC-HSPA and 64QAM up to 42 Mbps and uplink data rate with 16QAM up to 11 Mbps• LTE supports data rates of 173 Mbps and 58 Mbps respectively (respective coded rates: approx. 150 and 50 Mbps) for most demanding customer segment
1With 2x2 MIMO and 16QAM2With 2x2 MIMO or DC-HSPA
and 64QAM3 in 20 MHz spectrum allocation
42 Mbps2
11 Mbps
173 Mbps3
58 Mbps3
30 © Nokia Siemens Networks
** LTE values acc. to 3GPP R1-072580 case 1(macro cell, full buffer, 500m ISD)
Comparison of Throughput and Latency
HSPA R6
Max. peak data rate**
Mbp
s
HSPAevo (Rel. 7/8, 2x2 MIMO)
LTE 2x20 MHz (2x2 MIMO
LTE 2x20 MHz (4x4 MIMO
DownlinkUplink
350
300
250
200
150
100
50
0
Average call throughput (macro cell, 20 MHz**
MH
z/ce
ll
HSPA R6, 4 carriers(5MHz)
HSPAevo Rel8, 4 carriers(5MHz)
LTE (2x2 MIMO), 20 MHz carrier
LTE 4x4 MIMO, 20 MHz carrier
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
DownlinkUplink
* Server near RAN
Latency (Rountrip delay)*
DSL (~20-50 ms, depending on operator)
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200
GSM/EDGE
HSPARel6
HSPAevo(Rel8)
LTEmin max
ms
DownlinkUplink
LTEHSPA R6
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
70
Cal
ls/M
Hz/
cell
VoIP capacity
31 © Nokia Siemens Networks
Large step from GSM to UMTS device;Smaller step from UMTS to LTE device
GSM Device UMTS Device
200 kHz bandwidthTDMA / FDMAGMSK modulation / FDDDigital ProcessingVoice / SMS
LTE Device
Bandwidth & frequencywell knownModulation OFDM well known, simpler Rxdesign (FFT)Reuse of protocols(3GPP evolution), display, power conceptsSimplification of QoS parameter set for UeReady for high datarate applications
High effort bandwidth 5MHz at frequencies up to 2.1GHzHigh effort modulationCDMA / Rake ReceiverHigh effort protocolsRLC / RRM / MAC / IPHigh effort Digital ProcessingHigh effort displaydevelopmentHigh effort talk/standbypower consumptionMultimedia starts
From coverage to capacity
32 © Nokia Siemens Networks
LTE UE support Peak data rates above 100 Mbps
• All categories support 20 MHz• 64QAM mandatory in downlink, but not in uplink (except Class 5)• 2x2 MIMO in other classes except Class 1
Class 1 Class 2 Class 3 Class 4 Class 5
10/5 Mbps 50/25 Mbps 100/50 Mbps 150/50 Mbps 300/75 MbpsPeak rate DL/UL
20 MHzRF bandwidth 20 MHz 20 MHz 20 MHz 20 MHz
64QAMModulation DL 64QAM 64QAM 64QAM 64QAM
16QAM2Modulation UL 16QAM2 64QAM 16QAM2 16QAM2
Yes1Rx diversity Yes YesYes Yes
1-4 txBTS tx diversity
OptionalMIMO DL 2x2 4x42x2 2x2
1-4 tx 1-4 tx 1-4 tx 1-4 tx
1Performance requirements are based on 2-rx, but 2-rx is not mandated directly2No 64QAM
33 © Nokia Siemens Networks
Upgrade Concepts 3G to LTE
• Focus on investment protection • re-use of site installations
• Antenna, Feeder in spectrum re-farming scenarios• Backhaul sharing between LTE and 2G/3G
• NSN installed base: adding LTE, reuse of 3G base stationwith Flexi BS deployed: Rel2.1 System and RF Module are LTE ready
• In other cases: adding LTE Flexi BS in existing footprint
LTEadd-on
3G/CDMA
LTE
BTS/NodeB
Existing RNC (for CS)
and Core CDMA
3G
Other BTSs
LTE
Existing RNC (for CS)
and Core
34 © Nokia Siemens Networks
Migration Scenario: W-CDMA BTS LTE
Migration
FeederCable
TowerMountedAmplifier
AntennaPanel
BTS
Option 1
2.1GHz or multiband
1.7-2.7GHz antenna
BTS
Flexi RF Module
Flexi System
Combining
Option 2
2.1GHz or multiband
1.7-2.7GHz antenna
BTS
Combining
Flexi RF Module
Flexi System
Option 3
FeederCable
Tower MountedAmplifier
AntennaPanel
Remote RadioHead or
RF-module (feederless site)
AntennaPanel
BTS
Flexi System
35 © Nokia Siemens Networks
Core Technology overview
36 © Nokia Siemens Networks
Core Technology Overview
Mobility Management Entity• C-Plane Part of aGW• Session & Mobility management• Idle mode mobility management• Paging• AAA ProxyServing Gateway• User plane anchor for mobility between the
2G/3G access system and the LTE access system.
• Lawful InterceptionPacket Data Network Gateway • Gateway towards Internet/Intranets• User plane anchor for mobility between 3GPP
and non-3GPP access systems (HA).• Charging Support• Policy and Charging Enforcement (PCEF) *)• Packet Filtering• Lawful Interception
HLR/HSS(AAA)
PCRF
SAE-GW: System Architecture Evolution Gateway= S-GW+PDN-GW*) PCRF: Policy and Charging Rules Function communicates with PCEF: Policy and Charging Enforcement Function within PDN SAE GW
Access Gateway decomposition
PDN GW
MME
Serving GW
PDN
IMS
PCEF
SAE-GW
37 © Nokia Siemens Networks
Mobility
HLR/HSS(AAA)
IMSOperator Servicesx
DNS: Domain Name Server GTP: GPRS Tunnel Protocol MIP: Mobile IP SGSN*: upgraded 2G/3G SGSN ( LTE capable)
UE IdentifierGlobal IP Address
MME
Serving GW
DNS
SGSN*BTS/NB
RNC/BSC
eNode B
I-WLANCDMA2000WiMAX……
PDN GW (HA)
ePDG for I-WLANPDSN for CDMA2000ASN-GW for WiMAX
…….
Service LayerAccess IndependentGlobal Mobility
Access Specific Local Mobility
UE Global IP PoA
UE 3GPP IP PoA
BS
GTP
GTP
MIP
Internet / Corporate Services
GTP
(FA)
38 © Nokia Siemens Networks
Quality of Service in LTE
• Substantially optimized bearer handling compared to 3G networks• Reduced QoS parameter set for reduced implementation complexity compared to 3G• Network centric QoS scheme reduces the complexity of terminal implementations
3G QoS relies on QoS aware terminals - terminal requests QoS level that is appropriate for the application:
• Residual BER• SDU error ratio• Delivery of erroneous SDUs• Maximum SDU size• Delivery order• Transfer delay• ARP• Traffic class• THP• Maximum bitrate UL/DL• GBR (EL/DL)
LTE applies Network Centric QoS with a reduced set of parameters:
• Label• Bearer type (Guaranteed or non-
guaranteed Bit Rate)• Packet Delay• Packet Loss
• Guaranteed Bit Rate (uplink/downlink)• Maximum Bit Rate (uplink/downlink)• Allocation/Retention Priority (connection
setup priority among subscribers when the network is congested)
39 © Nokia Siemens Networks
Potential voice evolution steps in LTE
1. LTE used for high speed packet data access only– Operator voice service provided over CS network
2. Fallback to CS voice– LTE network is used for data only– Terminal is simultaneously registered to both LTE and 2G/3G CS network– Voice calls are initiated and received over CS network
3. Single radio Voice Call Continuity (VCC)– Operator provides VoIP over LTE– IMS acts as control machinery– Voice calls can be handed over to CS network
4. All-IP network– Operator provides VoIP over LTE– IMS acts as control machinery– Voice calls can be handed over to other packet switched networks
40 © Nokia Siemens Networks
Single Radio Voice Call Continuity (SRVCC)LTE primary VoIP service provided via IMS/NVS
All-IP network
LTE voice evolution
Fallback to CS when voice needed
Internet
3G HSPAnetwork
LTE radionetwork
SAE GWOperator
IP network
IMSLTE PS/VoIPcapable MME
SGSN/GGSN
O perator V oIP control machineryVoIP
VoIP
LTE used for high speed packet data access onlyVoice service provided over CS network
Internet
2G/3G radionetwork
LTE radionetwork
MME
SAE GWLaptop with
LTE data card
2G/3Gterminal
MSC Server System
CS voice
Data
OperatorIP network
Internet
2G/3G CSnetwork
LTE radionetwork
MME
SAE GWLTE ps with
capable
MSC Server System
CS voice
Data
OperatorIP network
SGs
OperatorIP network
Internet
2G/3G CSnetwork
LTE radionetwork
SAE GW
SV
IMS/NVS
LTE PS/VoIPcapable MME
MSC Server System
IMS centralized control of VoIP and CS voice services
CS voice
VoIP
OperatorIP network
Internet
2G/3G CSnetwork
LTE radionetwork
SAE GW
SV
IMS/NVS
LTE PS/VoIPcapable MME
MSC Server System
IMS centralized control of VoIP and CS voice services
CS voice
VoIP
41 © Nokia Siemens Networks
LTE- Advanced (3GPP Rel. 10)
42 © Nokia Siemens Networks
LTE for IMT-Advanced
Bandwidth Extension
MIMO
Cooperative Systems
Relaying
8x 4x
100 MHz
Smooth migration from LTE to LTE-A
Backward compatible to LTE
Mobility
43 © Nokia Siemens Networks
LTE introduction
1st worldwide trialsBerlin, Nov. 2007
Upcoming key technologies
BandwidthExtension
Relaying
MIMO8x4x
IMT-A / LTE-A
Backwards compatibilityLTE
Smooth evolution
IMT-A
LTE-Advanced - (3GPP Rel. 10) A technology candidate for IMT-advanced
Global platform for the next
generations of mobile services
Cooperative Systems
44 © Nokia Siemens Networks
LTE introduction
1st worldwide trialsBerlin, Nov. 2007
Upcoming key technologies
Relaying
MIMO8x4x
IMT-A / LTE-A
Backwards compatibilityLTE
Smooth evolution
IMT-A
Bandwidth Extension
Global platform for the next
generations of mobile services
Cooperative Systems
up to 100 MHz
Flexible component carrier aggregation different frequency bandsasymmetric in UL/DL
20 MHz
Component Carrier (LTE rel. 8 Carrier)
Aggregated BW: 30MHz
10 MHz
20 MHz
Aggregated BW: 5x20MHz = 100MHz
20 MHz20 MHz20 MHz20 MHz
BandwidthExtension
45 © Nokia Siemens Networks
LTE introduction
1st worldwide trialsBerlin, Nov. 2007
Upcoming key technologies
BandwidthExtension
Relaying
IMT-A / LTE-A
Backwards compatibilityLTE
Smooth evolution
IMT-A
Global platform for the next
generations of mobile services
Cooperative Systems
MIMO8x
4x
MIMO Extension
46 © Nokia Siemens Networks
LTE introduction
1st worldwide trialsBerlin, Nov. 2007
Upcoming key technologies
BandwidthExtension
Relaying
MIMO8x4x
IMT-A / LTE-A
Backwards compatibilityLTE
Smooth evolution
IMT-A
Global platform for the next
generations of mobile services
Cooperative Systems
Cooperation of antennas of multiple sectors / sitesInterference free by coordinated transmission / reception Highest performance potential
Service Area
Cooperative Systems
47 © Nokia Siemens Networks
LTE introduction
1st worldwide trialsBerlin, Nov. 2007
Upcoming key technologies
BandwidthExtension
MIMO
IMT-A / LTE-A
Backwards compatibilityLTE
Smooth evolution
IMT-A
International Mobile Telecommunications –Advanced
Global platform for the next
generations of mobile services
Cooperative Systems
Relaying
IMT-A / LTE-A
TR TR 36.91336.913
Fast deploymentCoverage with lowinfrastructure costs
8x4x
48 © Nokia Siemens Networks
Thank You