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Twenty Years of Spatial Vision, But What Does 1987 Look Like in Your GIS? – Emerging Issues, Hindsight and Insights from the NC Preservation Partnership
Steve MorrisNCSU Libraries
Abby Smith Library of Congress
NC GIS 2007 March 2, 2007
NDIIPP 2
National Digital Information and Infrastructure Preservation Program (NDIIPP)
• To ensure access over time to a rich body of digital content through the establishment of a national network of committed partners, collaborating in a digital preservation architecture with defined roles and responsibilities
NDIIPP 3
NDIIPP Objectives
• Develop a national digital collection and preservation strategy
• Build a network of partnerships• Explore protocols and standards to
support partnership operations• Identify and preserve at-risk digital
content• Support development of tools, models,
and methods for digital preservation
NDIIPP 4
Network of Preservation Partners• Volume and complexity of digital content
calls for a distributed approach• LC is providing resources and leadership
to construct a network of preservation partners
• Primary outcomes for partnerships:– Identify and preserve significant content– Leverage resources, experience via
collaborative network– Promote standards and best practices
NDIIPP 5
Goals for the Partnerships• Share strategies for digital content
selection/collection• Probe intellectual property issues• Collaborate in developing a technical
architecture• Study economics and incentives• Identify and share best practices• Learn how to build and sustain
partnerships
NDIIPP 6
NDIIPP 7
Geospatial Data Focus of Partners• NC State University and NC CGIA• UC Santa Barbara and Stanford• U of Tennessee Knoxville• San Diego Supercomputer Center, Scripps
Institute of Oceanography, and Woods Hole Oceanographic Institute
• U of Michigan: Social science data• U of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign: State
government publications, among other content
NDIIPP 8
Why Geospatial Data?
Congressional interestGrowing importance for all aspects of:• Government• Business• Science & technology• Cultural expression• Social software
NDIIPP 9
Why Geospatial Data Networks?• Leverage existing efforts• Model cooperation & coordination at
different scales• Public/private partnerships• Recognized need for expertise in
tempero-spatial data collection, analysis, & long-term management
10
NC Geospatial Data Archiving Project (NCGDAP)
Partnership between NCSU Libraries and NCCGIA with Library of Congress under NDIIPPOne of 8 NDIIPP Digital Preservation Partners projectsFocus on state and local geospatial content in North Carolina (state demonstration)Tied to NC OneMap initiative objective: “Historic and temporal data will be maintained and available.”Objective: engage existing state/federal geospatial data infrastructures in preservation
11
Temporal Data Supports Decision Making
Land use change analysisReal Estate trend analysisSite selection (past uses?)
Forecasting
Parcel Boundary Changes 2001-2004
North Raleigh, NC
12
Digital Preservation Points of Failure
Data is not saved, or …can’t be found, or …media is obsolete, or …media is corrupt, or …format is obsolete, or …file is corrupt, or …meaning is lost
Solutions:
MigrationEmulationEncapsulation XML
13
Different Ways to Approach Preservation
Technical solutions: How do we archive acquired content over the long term?
Cultural/Organizational solutions: How do we make the data more preservable—and more prone to be archived—from point of production?
14
• A “temporally-impaired” industry begins to discover time and the value of older data
• Major vendors and consulting firms begin to see temporal data management and analysis as a customer problem
Project Surprises:Emerging Industry Interest in Data Longevity
15
• The true counterpart to the old map is not the GIS dataset but rather the finished geographic product (map, chart, etc.)
• More than data—also classification, layering, symbolization, annotation, modeling, more …
Project Surprises:Handling PDF as a Geospatial Format
16
• County and city agencies beginning to digitize old maps and aerial imagery
• NCGDAP-georectified maps made available for download and put in the National Geologic Map Database
Project Surprises:Resurrecting Old Maps
Superceded USGS Topo Maps
Geologic Maps from Theses, Dissertations, and Reports
17
Project Surprises:Engaging Standards Efforts
• Partnered with EDINA (UK) and NARA to approach the Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC) in 2005-2006
• Working Group charter approved by OGC Technical Committee plenary Dec. 2006
18
• High volume of state/federal requests for local data – spurs rethinking of archive strategy for data acquisition
• Leveraging more compelling business reasons to put the data in motion
Changes in the Domain:Emerging ContentExchange Networks
Orthophoto“sneakernet”system
Started fall 2006 Transportation data exchange system
Funded starting fall 2006
Ongoing statewide data inventory
Started March 2006
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• Huge new audience for geospatial content
• Massive crossover of mainstream IT to geospatial, spurring open source activities: e.g. WMS tiling and caching
• “Good enough” approaches to data (formats, quality, standards)
Changes in the Domain:Mashups, Google Earth,Map APIs, and More
20
• Mobile, LBS, and, social networking applications
• Long-term cultural heritage value in non-overhead imagery: more descriptive of place and function
Changes in the Domain:More Place-based (versus spatial) Data
Oblique Imagery
Street View Images
DOT Videologs
Tax Dept. Photos
21
NC Frequency of Capture Survey
Survey objective:Document current practices for obtaining archival snapshots of county/municipal geospatial vector data layersSeek guidance about frequency of capture
Survey topics:General questions about data archiving practiceSpecific questions about parcels, street centerlines, jurisdictional boundaries, and zoning
Survey subjects:All 100 counties and 25 municipalities58% response rateSurvey conducted September 2006
22
Survey Results: Overview
Two-thirds of responding agencies create and retain periodic snapshotsLong-term retention more common in counties with larger populationsStorage environments vary, with servers and CD-ROMs most commonOffsite storage (or both onsite and offsite) is used by nearly half of the respondentsPopularity of historic images has resulted in scanning and geo-referencing of hardcopy aerial photos among one-third of the respondents
23
What’s Next?
TechnicalAcquiring and ingesting data Refining ingest systemExploring new metadata approachesExploring “Neogeography” space
EngagementOGC Data Preservation Working GroupCollaboration with State ArchivesMore site visits
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Questions?
Steve MorrisDigital Library InitiativesNCSU [email protected]
NCGDAP: http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/ncgdap/
NDIIPP: http://www.digitalpreservation.gov/
Abby [email protected]