Twenty20 Cricket

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Table of Contents iii

Table of Contents Introduction ..................................................................................................................................... v

Chapter One: Cricket Basics ........................................................................................................... 7

Extras .............................................................................................................................................. 9

“No Ball” .................................................................................................................................... 9

“Wide” ...................................................................................................................................... 10

“Byes” ....................................................................................................................................... 11

“Leg Byes” ................................................................................................................................ 11

Chapter Two: Format .................................................................................................................... 12

Test Cricket ............................................................................................................................... 12

One Day Cricket ....................................................................................................................... 12

Twenty20 Cricket...................................................................................................................... 12

Chapter three Equipment .............................................................................................................. 15

The bat: ..................................................................................................................................... 15

The ball: .................................................................................................................................... 15

Batting Pads and Wicket Keeper’s Pads: .................................................................................. 16

The Wickets: ............................................................................................................................. 16

Clothing: ................................................................................................................................... 16

Chapter four: Technique ............................................................................................................... 19

Batting ....................................................................................................................................... 19

Bowling ..................................................................................................................................... 19

Fielding ..................................................................................................................................... 19

Chapter Five: Winning .................................................................................................................. 21

FAQ............................................................................................................................................... 23

Introduction v

Introduction Cricket is a sport originating from England in the 16th century. Cricket is a complex sport,

although it is appropriate for individuals of all ages and skill levels. Different versions of Cricket

have been created over the course of centuries: Test Cricket, One day Cricket, and Twenty20

Cricket. The most recent and condensed version of Cricket is Twenty20 Cricket, also known as

T20. This manual provides simplified rules and guidelines for all aspects of T20, from the format

of the game to the appropriate attire. This manual also provides the necessary warnings in order

to ensure the game is played properly and safely as possible.

Chapter One: Cricket Basics Over

When a bowler bowls or throws the ball six times, this is called and over.

When 6 balls have been bowled, the fielding side changes ends while the batting team

remains the same.

- Since the batting team has not changed ends, the striker in now the non-striker and

vise versa

A bowler cannot bowl two consecutive overs

- Umpires also switch positions at the end of every over

Runs

When the striker of the hitting team hits the ball, he can attempt to score runs by having both the

striker and non-striker running to opposite creases as much as they can. When both the striker

and non-striker have reached opposite ends, without being run out by the other team, they have

scored a run. The more times the striker and non-striker run between creases without getting

caught, the more runs they can score.

“Run outs”

If while the striker and non-striker are running to opposite sides to score a run and a

fielder gathers the ball and he hits a wicket with it and the striker and non-striker are not

behind the crease, or “safe”, they have been run out

-To be “safe,” the striker and non-striker must be touching the ground behind the

crease or their bat must be.

The striker and non-striker must be running with their bats in hand while trying to score

runs

- Their outstretched bat must be touching the ground beyond the crease when

they are turning to score another run.

- If the striker and non-striker do not feel safe to turn and try to score another

run, they do not have to keep running.

If a striker hits the ball and the ball reaches the boundary, he automatically scores 4 runs.

If the striker hits the ball beyond the boundary, he has automatically scored 6 runs.

- If a fielder gathers the ball but he touches the boundary in the process, 4 runs

are automatically given to the other team.

- If the fielder catches the ball while it is in the air but touches or crosses the

boundary in the process, the other team is automatically given 6 runs.

- Under these circumstances, the striker and non-striker cannot be run out

“Overthrows”

8 Twenty20 Cricket

If no fielder is able to gather the ball after the striker has hit it, and the ball makes its way

to the boundary, 4 runs are automatically given to the other team aside from the runs they

scored while the ball was being thrown in the outfield.

If the striker and non-striker do not touch the ground over the crease before they turn to

make another run, the umpire will signal “one short” and the number of runs scored will

be reduced by one

Ways Of Getting Out

For reference, a wicket is considered to be broken if one or both of the bails have been knocked

out of position and fall to the ground.

“Caught”

If the fielder catches the ball “on the full” after the striker has hit it. Again, if the fielder

catches the ball but touches the boundary in the process, the striker is automatically given

six runs and can’t be run out.

“Bowled”

If the striker misses the ball and his bat hits and breaks the wicket solely from the bowler

throwing him the ball.

- If the wicket is broken, the striker is out whether or not he is behind the

crease.

- If the striker hits the ball or the ball ricochets off his body and breaks the

wicket, he is out.

- If the wicket is not broken, the striker is not out

“Leg Before Wicket”

If the striker misses the ball with his bat but interferes it with a part of his body when it

would have hit the wicket, he is out.

“Stumped”

If the striker misses the ball while he is attempting to hit it and steps out of the crease, he

is stumped out if the wicket-keeper gathers the ball and touches the wicket with it before

the striker can touch the ground before the crease with a part of his body or his bat.

“Run out”

Please refer to “Runs” section for a brief reminder of how run outs work

“Hit Wicket”

If the striker breaks or touches the wicket with his bat or any part of his equipment while

attempting to hit the ball or taking off for the first run,

“Handle the Ball”

If the striker deliberately touches the ball with a hand while not having a bat in his hand

without the permission of the fielding side.

“Obstructing the Field”

If the striker hits the ball with his bat and deliberately tries to hit the ball again for any

reason other than to defend his wicket from being broken by the ball.

“Timed Out”

If a new striker takes longer than 2 minutes to appear on the field.

Umpires

Two umpires supervise the game. They make all decisions on the field and they have the final

word.

One umpire stands behind the non-striker’s wicket and the other stands in line with the

striker’s popping crease.

Sometimes there is a third umpire who sits off field with a television replay monitor in

case the on field umpires have any doubts

Arguing with the umpires is not tolerated and anything other than a polite question can

result in unfavorable consequences

Extras Extras are runs scored by any mean other than the striker hitting the ball. These extras do not go

into the striker’s final statistics and are recorded separately. There are 4 types of extras:

“No Ball” If the bowler oversteps his popping crease, he has bowled a no ball

- If any part of the bowler’s back foot is not within the area between the return creases,

this is considered a no ball as well.

10 Twenty20 Cricket

- In this case the batting team is given a “free hit”. The free hit means that the bowling

team has to bowl a ball to the batsman on the striker’s end and the only possible way the

batsman can get out is by a run out. During a free hit not more than 2 fielders are allowed

outside the 30-yard circle around the pitch and also the ball is counted as an extra.

The striker can still run the play as usual and score runs but if gets scores no runs from

this bowl, one run is automatically added to the batting team’s score

“Wide” If the bowler bowls the ball in such a way that it is impossible for the striker to hit the

ball, this is called a wide

- The batting team is automatically given a run

“Byes” If the striker misses the ball but the wicket keeper fails to gather the ball quickly, the

striker and the non-striker can make runs. These runs are called byes.

“Leg Byes” If a striker is attempting to hit the ball, but the ball hits any part of his body, the striker

can attempt to run. These are called leg byes. If the striker does not attempt to run, no leg

byes are taken

12 Twenty20 Cricket

Chapter Two: Format There are three types of Cricket: Test Cricket, One Day Cricket, and Twenty20 Cricket. Test

Cricket is the standard for both One Day Cricket and Twenty20 Cricket. Cricket originated in

England in the 16th century

Test Cricket Test Cricket is the original form of cricket and can last about 5 days. Test Cricket is the highest

form of the game Cricket. In order for teams to play they must have “Test Status” which means

they have been approved by the ICC – International Cricket Council. Test Cricket consists of

four innings, where each team bats twice.

One Day Cricket One Day Cricket is a shortened version of Test Cricket also referred to as Limited Overs

International. In order for a team to play One Day Cricket, they must have “International

Status”. This version of cricket is limited to 50 overs.

Twenty20 Cricket Twenty20 Cricket is simply a condensed version of One Day Cricket. The rules and design are

very similar, the difference being that the game is comprised of two innings. Teams are

comprised of 11 players each that play on an oval field with 2 stumps called wickets. This is the

shortest version of Cricket and is only 20 overs. Each team is allowed 10 wickets to give, if they

give up all wickets before the all their batsmen bat, the game is over and they lose.

Object of the Game: The object of Cricket is to gain as many runs as possible while giving up

the least amount of wickets.

Cricket Playing Field: The Cricket playing field is an oval shape that consists of the pitch, the

boundary, 2 wickets, and two crease lines. The boundary is the line that goes around the entire

oval. The pitch is the rectangle portion of the field in the center of the oval where most of the

game is played. One wicket is placed on each side of the pitch with a crease line drawn in front

of it.

How to Play:

1. Coin Toss – The captain of each team meets the umpire in the middle of the field to decide

who will bowl and bat first. 2. First Over – Team A sends a pair of batsmen and Team B sends a bowler to pitch for the

first over. The bowler will bowl the ball to the first batsman 6 times to complete one over. The

bowler and the second batsman take their place at one wicket on one side of the pitch, while the

first batsman and the wicket keeper, selected from Team B, take their place at the other wicket

on the opposite side of the pitch. Team B will also have the other 9 players spread throughout

the surrounding field.

a. The bowler pitches the ball to the first batsman. The batsman will attempt to hit the

ball far enough to give him a chance to score as many runs as possible by switching positions

with the second batsman as many times as they can before one of the fielders throw the ball back

to either wicket. In order for the batsman to remain in the game, their bat must cross the crease

before the ball hits the corresponding wicket. b. If the batsman does not reach his bat across the crease in time, he is called out by the

Umpire and must sit out for the rest of the inning. Then another batsman is called to bat and

Team A loses one wicket. 3. First Inning – One inning is comprised of 20 overs. After the first inning, runs and wickets

given for Team A are totaled and scored, and then Team A switch sides and become the fielders

while Team B will switch sides and then become the batters. Team A will set up the same way

as Team B did in the first inning. 4. Second Inning – After the switch, the batsman from Team B get a chance to score more

runs than Team A. They get 20 overs to score more runs, while trying not to give up any wickets

or less wickets than Team A.

5. Scoring – To score, the batsmen must switch positions as many times as they can. The first

and second batsman will continue to run back and forth, switching positions on the field until the

ball hits the wicket.

Boundary

Bowler

Second Batsman

Wicket

Pitch

First Batsman

Crease

Wicket

Wicket Keeper

B

B

A

A

14 Twenty20 Cricket

a. If the batsman hits the ball and it goes out of the boundary without touching the

ground, the batsman is automatically awarded 6 runs.

b. If the batsman hits the ball and it touches the ground at any point before going out of

the boundary, then the batsman is then awarded 4 runs.

c. However, if the ball does not go outside the boundary, then the number of runs is

determined by the number of times the batsmen are able to switch positions.

6. Winning – After both innings are complete, all the runs are totaled and the team with the

most runs is declared the winner.

Chapter Three 15

Chapter three Equipment The necessary equipment required to play a safe and fun cricket game are as

follows:

1. The bat

2. The ball

3. Batting Pads and Wicket keeper’s Pads

4. The wickets

5. Clothing

The bat: A bat used by a batsman to hit the cricket ball when it is delivered to him by the

bowler. There are many different size and types of bats available and every

batsman chooses a bat according to their comfort. For instance, famous Australian

Cricket player Andrew Symonds who is about 6ft 2in is popular for using the

Mongoose bat which is very small compared to the player’s height. A bat is made

out of willow wood. The T20 format of cricket has specialized bats which have

more wood in the middle allowing the player to be more aggressive when hitting

the shots. The overall length of a bat with the lower portion of the handle cannot

exceed 38in and the width cannot exceed 4.25in.

The ball: The bowler bowls the ball to

the batsmen. In a usual T20

match the ball is changed

only if it is tempered by the

weather conditions, the

pitch, the crease or the

batsmen. The ball consists

of cork covered by leather

and is made out of wood.

Cricket balls can weigh from

155.9 grams to 163.0 grams.

The circumference of cricket

balls has to be between

22.4cm and 22.9 cm.

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16 Twenty20 Cricket

Batting Pads and Wicket Keeper’s Pads: The batting pads and the wicket keeper’s pads are

basically used by the batsmen and the wicket keeper

in order to avoid an injury by the hard wooden ball.

They are very important to play the game safely. The

batting pads are designed in a manner such that they

are light weight so they help the batsmen run

between the wickets easily.

The Wickets: The wickets are placed on opposite sides of the pitch and are placed parallel. The

wickets in every cricket match are made up of 3 wooden stumps and 2 bails on the

top. The height and the width of the stumps and the bails and the distance between

the wickets are approved by the ICC (International Cricket Council) and cannot

be altered in any cricket match played on an international, national or a state level.

Clothing: When playing cricket it is important to wear correct and protective gear. When

cricket began it was common for the players to wear an all-white outfit but that

has changed over the years. Now like in all sports, each team has its own

representative colors. The uniform still remains though, a collared polo or long

sleeve shirt with a collar and long trousers.

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Chapter Three 17

A helmet is also worn by the batsmen and most of the time by fielders near the striker to protect

their heads from a fast or off direction bowled ball.

And of course the shoes are an important piece of the players outfit. They use spiked shoes to

increase traction when running.

Chapter Four 19

Chapter four: Technique Batting Batting in a T20 game is very different from batting in a one-day international or a Test match.

In a T20 game the batsman has to be aggressive because the team has only 20 overs to make as

many runs as possible. The batting line up of a team usually has the most aggressive batsmen in

for the 3rd and the 4th spots. The opening batsmen (The first striker and non-striker of the batting

team) are aggressive also but they focus more on creating a pressure on the bowling team by

staying on the field for a long amount of time (ideally, the first 6-7 overs of the inning). Also,

while batting in a T20 match the batsmen have to try to hit as many boundaries (4’s or 6’s) as

possible. The record for the most boundaries is held by Chris Gayle from West Indies with a total

of 411 6’s in his T20 career and Brad Hodge from Australia with a total of 588 4’s in his T20

career (*Boundaries). Following are some batting records in the history of International T20

cricket:

1. Fastest 50- Yuvraj Singh from India in 12 balls (*Batting)

2. Fastest 100- Richard Levi from South Africa in 45 balls (*Batting)

3. Most runs of an over- Yuvraj Singh hit 36 runs (all 6’s) off an over against a match with

England on 19th September 2007 (*Batting)

Bowling Unlike bowling in a one-day international, the bowler has to be very careful of what strategy he

is using while bowling in a T20 game. In a T20 game every bowler can bowl a maximum of 4

overs. While bowling, the bowler has to alert as to not give any extras to the batting team.

Following are some bowling records in the history of International T20 cricket:

1. Most Wickets taken- Saeed Ajmal from Pakistan with 76 wickets in his career.

(*Bowling)

2. Best Economy rate- Brendon Taylor with an economy rate of 3.4 (*Bowling)

3. First T20 Hat-trick- Bret Lee from Australia against Bangladesh on 16th September

2007 (*Bowling)

Fielding Fielding is a very important factor in a T20 game and also it has a few rules that the fielding

team has to understand in order to avoid facing penalties. Following rules imply for every

fielding team in a cricket match:

1. The fielding team cannot have more than 2 fielders outside the 30-yard circle around the

pitch for the first six overs. This is also called as the power play.

2. The fielding team cannot take more than 75 minutes to bowl the 20th over. In a case

where the fielding team takes more than 75 minutes to bowl the 20th over, every over

bowled after the 75th minute would give the batting team 6 extra runs. There are no

scenarios of this happening in the history of T20.

3. After the power play the fielding team is allowed to have only a maximum of 5 players

outside the 30-yard circle around the pitch.

Chapter Five: Winning As explained in the “format” section, after both of the innings end the total runs of both the

teams are calculated and the team with the most runs wins. There have been scenarios in the

history of T20 cricket that there is a tie. In such a case a tie-breaker becomes the deciding factor.

Initially the tie-breaker used to be a “bowl out” in which every team selected 5 bowlers and those

bowlers used to bowl an over (one ball per bowler or a maximum of 2 balls for 1 of the bowlers)

with no one on the striker’s end. The goal of the bowler was to hit the stumps as many times as

possible in that one over and the team with the maximum number of hits on the stumps used to

win.

ICC changed the format of the tie breaker to a “super-over” in December 2008. The super-over is

basically a cricket match between 2 teams consisting one bowler and only 2 wickets to lose for

each team. The team that bat second in the T20 match bats first during the super over and the

other team selects a bowler to bowl one over. After the end of one over the teams switch sides

and follow the same procedure. The goal of the super over is the same the same as the goal of a

usual cricket match. And the fielding restrictions remain the same for the teams (only 5 fielders

allowed outside the 30-yard circle around the pitch).

FAQ 23

FAQ 1. Why are there different types of cricket?

There are different types of cricket because originally there was only test cricket which is

five days long but with time cricket became more popular all over the world and so to

keep the game interesting and entertaining the makers of the game created three different

versions.

2. What if there is a tie after the super over?

If there is a tie after the super over the sixes of both of the teams are counted and the one

with the most sixes wins.

If there is a scenario in which both of the teams have the same number of sixes, the

number of fours hit by both of the teams are counted and the one with the most fours

wins.

3. What if the batsman loses grip of the bat after hitting the ball? Is he still supposed to run?

The batsman is still supposed to keep running.

4. What if the batsman disagrees with the umpire’s decision?

Usually the batsman has no say in the umpire’s decision but during a cricket match in a

T20 world cup the batting team can ask the third umpire if they don’t agree with the

umpire’s decision. But the batting team can do this only twice in their whole inning.

5. What if there is an overthrow and the ball goes over the boundary?

In such a case the batting team will get the four runs and the runs that they scored by

running between the wickets during that overthrow.

6. What is the maximum number of runs that can be scored in an over?

The maximum number of runs that can be scored in an over is 36 provided that there are

no extras in the over. In a case where extras are being bowled in an over a batsman can

score any number of runs.

Glossary 25

Glossary