Two Different Alzheimer Diseases in Men and Women:Clues From Advanced Neural

Networks and ArtificialIntelligence

Grossi, et al., 2005

Gender medicine

Introduction

在臨床上證實性別與 AD 有顯著關係 (Barnes, et al., 2004; Intebi et al., 2003; Colla et al., 2003; Mcpherson et al., 1999;

Muller-Thomsen et al., 2002; Corder et al., 2004; Hayden et al., 2004 )Women most than man

This would allow a number of clinical and laboratory variables from a sample of AD patients of both sexes

Considered in a multidimensional analysis using self-clustering models

Introduction

Data-clustering tasks performed using traditional statistical methods they cannot be used to perform feature mapping on dat

a Self-organizing maps (SOMs), one of the most pop

ular architectures of unsupervised artificial neural networks (ANNs)

Self-organizing maps are powerful tools for examining a high-dimensional data space of a sample described by a large number of variables (Kohonen, 1982; Kohonen, 1988; Kohonen, 1990)

PATIENTS AND METHODS

The patients from 18 hospital in Italy The Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE)

was used to screen for cognitive impairment of patients.

An MMSE score corrected for age and education, of >18 and _<24 was required of all participants.

All patients had normal visual acuity and were free of ophthalmic disease

PATIENTS AND METHODS

Patients received either donepezil 5 mg or placebo daily for the first 3 months

all received donepezil 5 or 10 mg daily for the next 12 months.

intervals throughout the 15 months of the survey

Database

Data Set Analysis of Study Group

Data set analysis performed with SOMs was carried out using a square 10-row × 10-column output matrix.

Semeion software was used in the analysis (version 2.0, Semeion Research Center, Rome, Italy).

Results

Aspartate aminotransferase-alanine aminotransferase( 穀草轉氨酶，谷丙轉氨酶 ); red blood cell count-hematocrit-hemoglobin( 紅血球計數，紅血球，血紅蛋白 ) R^2 較高

all other R^2 values were low

分佈研究人群的自組織映射矩陣的頻率。該景點內的值對應

於人口的比例代表

Results

Three macroclasses (A, B, and C) were identified by patients' distribution on the matrix

由 NN 來判定後， C 類與 A,B 兩類完全分離發現 male 被分類在 C 類中並且發現酒精需求的人同質性不高

Distribution of the values for alcohol consumption

Distribution of the values by sex

Sample distribution without gender information input

Discussion

Intebi et al., found that their patients with AD (9 women, 6 men) with normal corticoadrenal ( 腎上腺皮质 ) and thyroid functions( 甲狀腺功能 ) and normal serum prolactin( 正常血清泌乳素 ) levels exhibited a gender-related characteristic

This suggests that increased circulating levels of both anorectic adipokines( 厭食的脂肪因子 ) may contribute to the metabolic changes( 代謝變化 ) observed in women with AD

Discussion

The results suggest that AD risk is affected by specific cardiovascular risk factors (Hayden, et al., 2004; Lapane et al., 2001)

Davis et al., in Australia, After adjusting for age, male patients had twice the mortality rate of female patients (mortality rate ratio, 2.10; 95% CI, 1.37-3.20).

Discussion

This finding may offer a epidemiologic rationale for research into different pathogenic mechanisms ( 發病機制 ) in men and women with AD

Discussion

此篇研究並沒有在性別對何種變相上有何顯著發現。

但首先使用自動分類器在此疾病及此期刊 沒有顯著影響很可能原因為男女性別比例差

很多 (143:female;68:man)

Discussion

Thanks for your attention