Two types of Cloning:

Therapeutic Cloning – the formation of genetically identical cells or organs without making an individual.

Reproductive Cloning – the formation of a genetically identical individual using DNA from just one individual

(NO SPERM USED!)

Ethical scientists DON’T Reproductively clone humans.

A donor cell is taken from a sheep’s udder. Donor

Nucleus

These two cells are fused using an electric shock.

Fused Cell

The fused cell begins dividing normally.

EmbryoThe embryo is placed in the uterus of a foster mother.Foster

Mother

The embryo develops normally into a lamb—Dolly

Cloned Lamb

Egg Cell

An egg cell is taken from an adult female sheep.

The nucleus of the egg cell is removed.

Section 13-4

Figure 13-13 Cloning of the First Mammal

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http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/tech/cloning/

Cloning

Section 13-4

Flowchart

A body cell is taken from a donor animal.

An egg cell is taken from a donor animal.

The fused cell begins dividing, becoming an embryo.

The nucleus is removed from the egg.

The body cell and egg are fused by electric shock.

The embryo is implanted into the uterus of a foster mother.

The embryo develops into a cloned animal.

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which crosses

consists of

Selective Breeding

for example

Inbreeding Hybridization

Similar organisms

Dissimilar organismsfor

example

Organism breed A

Organism breed A

Organism breed B

Retains desired characteristics

Combines desired characteristics

which

which crosses

which

Section 13-1

Concept Map

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Steps of Genetic ModificationGenetic Modification -Occurs when humans manipulate an organism’s genetic make-up.

1. Identify the gene for the desired trait and extract it from the DNA.2. Insert this gene into a bacteria cell’s genetic material and let the bacteria reproduce.

3. Remove the modified genetic material from many bacteria cells and insert it into a plant cell.

4. Allow the plant to grow and develop and produce new offspring.5. All cells of the new offspring should have the desired trait.

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