7/30/2019 Tyler's book summary
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TYLER (1949)
CHAPTER 1: WHAT EDUCATIONAL PURPOSES SHOULD THE SCHOOL SEEK TO
ATAIN?
Purposes = school objectives Educational objectives = the
criteria by which materials are selected, content is outlined,
instructional procedures
are developed and tests and exams are prepared
o All aspects of educational programs are really means to
accomplish basic educational purposes.
How are objectives attained?o Knowledge about comprehensive
philosophy of educationo Knowledge in the application of these
educational philosophieso Identify the sources for these
philosophies
Essentialists vs Progressivists Subject Specialists vs Child
Pyschologists
Note: Knowing the sources of these philosophies will give
educators an idea of what to aim for, wha
objectives to form.
No single source of information is adequate to provide a basis
for wise and comprehensive decisions about theobjectives of the
school.
SOURCES OF SCHOOLS OBJECTIVES:
1. STUDIES OF THE LEARNERS THEMSELVES AS A SOURCE OF EDUCATIONAL
OBJECTIVESa. Education is an active process. It involves the active
efforts of the learner himself (p11).b. Education is a process of
changing the behavior patterns of people. This is using behavior in
the broad
sense to including thinking and feeling as well as overt action.
When education is viewed in this way, it is
clear that educational objectives, then, represent the kinds of
changes in behavior that an educational
institution seeks to bring about in its students. A study of the
learners themselves would seek to
identify needed changes in behavior patterns of the students
which educational institution seek to
produce. (p3,6)
i. Studies of learners suggest educational objectives only when
the information about the learner iscompared with some desirable
standards, some conception of acceptable norms, so that the
difference between the present condition of the learner and the
acceptable norm is identified
This difference or gap is what is generally referred to as a
NEED. (p5)
ii. In this sense, all children have the same needs and it is
the responsibility of the school as withevery other social
institution to help children to get these needs met in a way which
is not only
satisfying but provided the kind of behavior patterns that are
personally and socially
significant.(p7)
iii. Need in this sense is the gap between what is and what
should be .Note: Students come to school expects for the
institution to fill the gap or need they lack of. This is one
primary consideration for
schools in objectifying its purpose, in form fitting its
objectives that caters to the needs of the learners. The
expectation to achieve the
need or reach the gap between what the current state of the
student is and the expected outcome is necessary for both the
learner and
the school.
c. Methods to use in studying learners may include observation,
student interview, parent interview,questionnaire, tests, and
examination of school records.(p12-13)
d. Jot down data about group of students with whom you are
familiar with, formulating as comprehensivea set of data about
their needs and interests as you can. Then attempt to write down
the educational
objectives which these data imply. Set down every suggested
objectives that comes to mind and see how
you arrived at these objectives, what factors was taken into
account, how inference from these data
arrived at the objectives made. (p15-16)
