Types of Asexual Reproduction

3/17/2008

Do Now:Meiosis MitosisForms sex cells (sperm and eggs)

½ the number of chromosomes compared to the parent cell

Genetically identical to parent cell

Responsible for growth, differentiation, and asexual reproduction

One replication and two divisions

One replication and one division

4 daughter cells formed

2 daughter cells formed

Asexual Reproduction

• Involves the process of

• Offspring are genetically to parent

mitosis

identical

Binary Fission

• Parent divides into halves after nucleus replicates

• No parent remains daughter cells grow to normal size

• Occurs in , , and

2 equal

2

bacteria protozoaalgae

Budding

• Parent organism divides into halves

• Daughter cell forms from outgrowth or off parent

• Buds may or remain attached and form a

2 unequal

budbreak offcolony

• Occurs in andhydra yeast

Sporulation (spore forming)

• Production of many in a special spore producing structure ( )

• Spores are , specialized cells, containing and within a hard case

• Occurs in , , and

sporesspore case

microscopicnucleus cytoplasm

molds mushroomsferns

Regeneration

• Ability to back missing parts• The more the organism, the

it is to regenerate• Occurs in simple organisms such as

and

growcomplex

harder

starfish flat worm

Humans?

Vegetative Propagation

• of a body of a multicellular organism gives rise to a organism

• Common in - using stems, leaves, or roots

• Can occur or

piecenew

plants

naturally artificially

Natural Vegetative Propagation• Bulb-

• Corm-

• Tuber-

• Runner-

• Rhizome-

Short underground stem with stored food & fleshy leaves Ex. Onion, tulipShort underground stem with stored food Ex. Water chestnutEnlarged underground stem Ex. potato

(stolon) horizontal stem with buds along ground’s surface Ex. strawberry

Underground horizontal stem

Ex. ginger

Tuber

Bulb

CormRhizome

Runner

Artificial Vegetative Propagation

• Cutting- use of plant to reproduce (Ex. )

• Layering- stem is over and covered with will root and form plant (Ex. )

• Grafting- stem or bud of one plant is to another plant

(Ex. )

partSpider plant

bent soilnew raspberry

joined

Seedless fruit treepermanently

Layering Grafting

scion

stock