Types of Bitumen Types of Bitumen andand

Their Test MethodsTheir Test MethodsYour NameYour TeacherYour Grade

AgendaAgenda

1. Types of Bituminous Binders1. Types of Bituminous Binders

2. Specifications and Test Methods2. Specifications and Test Methods

3. Testing of Bitumen3. Testing of Bitumen

4. Relationship between Properties4. Relationship between Properties

Types Types of of

Bituminous Bituminous BindersBinders

Types of BindersTypes of Binders

1. Tar

2. Natural Asphalt

3. Bitumen

TarTar

• Obtained by destructive distillation of coal or wood.

• Coke Oven Tar• Produced at temperatures above 1200OC

during manufacturing of coke.• High aromatic content.• Pitch content - 50 %.

• Low Aromatic Tar• Produced at temperatures 600OC to 700OC.• Less viscous.• Paraffinic in nature.• Pitch content - 35 %.

Natural AsphaltNatural Asphalt

• Naturally occurring Bituminous binder

• Biggest deposits in Trinidad• 100 Acres,• 90 meter deep• 10 to 15 Million MT• Pen - 5 max

• Asphalt found in France, Italy & Switzerland - Rock Asphalt

BitumenBitumen

• Conventional Bitumen• Paving Grade Bitumen• Industrial Grade Bitumen

• Cutback

• Bitumen Emulsions

• Modified Bitumen

• Modified Bitumen Emulsions

Specifications Specifications andand

Test MethodsTest Methods

Tell which continent your country is located on and which countries are its neighbors.

What is expected from Bitumen?What is expected from Bitumen?

• Ensure road behaves in a predictable way• Bitumen performs the desired function on

the road• Does not fail under predictable loads• Resists deterioration of road with time • Is able to withstand expected climatic

conditions• Mix easily and form strong bond with a wide

variety of aggregates• Is safe to handle• Modified Bitumen and Bitumen Emulsions

should be a stable mixture in storage and handling

What properties need to be What properties need to be tested?tested?

• Hardness – Penetration• Withstand high temperatures – Softening Point• Withstand repetitive loading/unloading – Ductility• Withstand low temperatures – Fraass breaking

point• Ease of mixing with aggregate – Viscosity at

135OC• Safety in handling - Flash point• Purity – Solubility in Trichloroethylene• Weight to volume conversion – Specific gravity• Deterioration of properties w.r.t. time and

temperature – Thin Film Oven Test

Testing of BitumenTesting of BitumenTell which continent your country is located on and which countries are its neighbors.

PenetrationPenetration

• Travel in dmm of a specified needle under 100 g wt. for 5 secs into Bitumen at 25OC

Softening PointSoftening Point

• 3.5 g steel ball placed on Bitumen sample in Brass ring• Bath temp. raised at 5OC per minute

DuctilityDuctility• Indicates the extent to which a sample can be stretched

before breaking. • Length in cm. at breaking point is ductility

Types of Viscosity TubesTypes of Viscosity Tubes

Asphalt Institute Tube

•Absolute viscosity• U-shaped tube with timing marks & filled with asphalt

•Placed in 60OC bath,•Vacuum used to pull asphalt through tube•Time to pass marks•Visc. in Pa s (Poise)

Flash PointFlash Point• Used to measure temperature to which a sample

bitumen may be safely heated • The flash point is the temperature reached when the

vapour causes an instantaneous flash

Solubility (Purity)Solubility (Purity)

Thin Film Oven TestThin Film Oven Test

Rotating Shelf

Pan Thermometer

Aging of BitumenAging of Bitumen

Other TestsOther Tests

• Fraass Breaking Point• Specific Gravity• Wax content• Penetration Ratio/ Index• Penetration after TFOT • Softening Point after TFOT• Viscosity after TFOT

RelationshipRelationship Between Between PropertiesProperties

Penetration

at

Softening Point

– 800

Penetration

at

Softening Point

– 800

Viscosity at

Softening Point -1200 Pa s

(12000 poise)

Viscosity at

Softening Point -1200 Pa s

(12000 poise)

Penetration at

Fraass Breaking Pt – 1.25

Penetration at

Fraass Breaking Pt – 1.25

InterdependenciesInterdependenciesInterdependenciesInterdependencies

InterdependenciesInterdependencies

Bitumen Test Data ChartBitumen Test Data Chart

Types of ClassificationsTypes of Classifications

• Penetration grade• Viscosity grade• Viscosity of TFOT residue• Performance Grade• Hybrid grade

Thank YouThank You