Types of Chemical Bonds

Ionic Bonds

Bonds in which valence electrons are transferred

Receiving atom becomes a negative ion (cation)

Donating atom becomes a positive ion (cation)

Octet Rule & Oxidation Numbers

Octet rule states that atoms are most stable with 8 valence electrons in the outermost orbital (tend to achieve the electron configuration of a noble gas)

Oxidation number indicated by the group number (i.e. Na=+1, Ca=+2, Cl=-1, O=-2)

Covalent Bonds

Bonds in which valence electrons are shared

Single share 1 pair, double share 2 pairs, triple share 3 pairs of electrons

Triple is the strongest, and all are stronger than ionic bonds

Hydrogen Bonds

Weakest bonds

Attraction between positively charged "end" of a atom and a hydrogen atom (-)

Caused by unequal sharing of valence electrons

Practice

Draw Lewis dot structures for the following: nitrogen gas, carbon dioxide, chlorine gas, sodium chloride, magnesium chloride, potassium oxide