Types of Contraction 4.0

8/4/2019 Types of Contraction 4.0

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Different types of musclesDifferent types of muscles

and the relevantand the relevant

contractionscontractions
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There are three types of muscleThere are three types of muscle

contractioncontraction1.1. Concentric Contraction- The muscles shortens whenConcentric Contraction- The muscles shortens when

it contracts this muscle is the agonist. For exampleit contracts this muscle is the agonist. For examplethe biceps brachii in the upwards phase of the bicepthe biceps brachii in the upwards phase of the bicepcurl.curl.

2.2. Eccentric Contraction- The muscle lengthens when ItEccentric Contraction- The muscle lengthens when It

contracts and is acting as a brake. This type ofcontracts and is acting as a brake. This type ofcontraction is usually in the antagonist. For examplecontraction is usually in the antagonist. For examplethe biceps brachii in the downwards phase of thethe biceps brachii in the downwards phase of thebicep curl.bicep curl.

3.3. Isometric Contraction- There is an increase in muscleIsometric Contraction- There is an increase in muscletension but the length of the muscle stays the same,tension but the length of the muscle stays the same,this type of contraction occurs mainly in fixatorthis type of contraction occurs mainly in fixatormuscles. For example the deltoid acting as a fixatormuscles. For example the deltoid acting as a fixator

during the bicep curl.during the bicep curl.


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Pick someone from the class ofPick someone from the class of

similar size to yourself. We aresimilar size to yourself. We are

going to have an arm wrestlinggoing to have an arm wrestlingtournament. During thetournament. During the

tournament think about whichtournament think about which

muscles are the agonists andmuscles are the agonists andantagonists and also consider theantagonists and also consider the

types of contraction being usedtypes of contraction being used

whilst winning, losing or drawingwhilst winning, losing or drawing..


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Complete the following tableComplete the following table

Agonist MuscleAgonist Muscle Type ofType of

contractioncontraction

WinningWinning

LosingLosing

DrawingDrawing


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The structure of a muscleThe structure of a muscle


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Structures that make up the muscleStructures that make up the muscleEpimysiumEpimysium- A thick sheath which covers the- A thick sheath which covers the

whole musclewhole muscleFasciculiFasciculi- A bundle of muscle fibres- A bundle of muscle fibresPerymysiumPerymysium- A sheath covering the fasciculi,- A sheath covering the fasciculi,

this prevent friction within the musclethis prevent friction within the muscle

Muscle fibres-Muscle fibres- Run the entire length of theRun the entire length of themuscle contain the muscle cellsmuscle contain the muscle cells

EndomysiumEndomysium- Surrounds each muscle fibre- Surrounds each muscle fibre

MyofibrilMyofibril- Contained inside each muscle fibre- Contained inside each muscle fibreSacromereSacromere- This is the individual muscle cell,- This is the individual muscle cell,

they are lined up side to side and make up thethey are lined up side to side and make up the

myofibrilmyofibril


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How do muscles contractHow do muscles contract

Sliding Filament Theory Each sacromere is made up of actinand myosin

The H zone is the space between theactin filaments

When calcium is released from thesarcoplasmic reticulum the muscle cellscontract and the actin and myosin slideover each other decreasing the size ofthe H zone.

So called cross bridges are formedbetween the actin and myosin and theyare pulled together

Hence the muscle shortens


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The Three Types of Muscle FibreThe Three Types of Muscle Fibre

Type 1a- Slow Twitch FibresType 1a- Slow Twitch Fibres

Produce a low contractile speed and low forceProduce a low contractile speed and low forceof contractionof contractionWorks aerobically i.e. it requires oxygenWorks aerobically i.e. it requires oxygen

Can work for long periods of time and isCan work for long periods of time and isresistant to fatigueresistant to fatigueHas a high level of energy producingHas a high level of energy producing

mitochondriamitochondriaHave a high level of capillaries surrounding theHave a high level of capillaries surrounding the

fibres as they requires lots of oxygenfibres as they requires lots of oxygenSlow twitch fibres are able to use both fats andSlow twitch fibres are able to use both fats and

carbohydrates to create energycarbohydrates to create energy


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Type 11a- Fast Oxidative GlycolyticType 11a- Fast Oxidative GlycolyticContracts more quickly and can apply moreContracts more quickly and can apply more

force than type 1a fibresforce than type 1a fibresCan produce energy both aerobically andCan produce energy both aerobically and

anaerobicallyanaerobically

However when working anaerobically lactic acidHowever when working anaerobically lactic acidcan build up which causes this muscle type tocan build up which causes this muscle type to

fatigue more quickly than type 1a fibresfatigue more quickly than type 1a fibres


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Type 11b- Fast Glycolytic FibresType 11b- Fast Glycolytic FibresVery quick to contract and produce a largeVery quick to contract and produce a large

amount of forceamount of forceWorks completely anaerobicallyWorks completely anaerobically

Build up of lactic acid, lack of capillaries and aBuild up of lactic acid, lack of capillaries and a

low level of mitochondria means this musclelow level of mitochondria means this muscletype fatigues quicklytype fatigues quickly

This muslce type is connected to more motorThis muslce type is connected to more motor

neurons (nerves) therefore it can be activatedneurons (nerves) therefore it can be activatedmuch more quicklymuch more quickly


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Which types of muscles fibres areWhich types of muscles fibres are

being used in the pictures below?being used in the pictures below?

MarathonRunning Playing football 100m Sprinting

Th ff t f Sk l t lTh ff t f Sk l t l
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The effects of a warm up on SkeletalThe effects of a warm up on Skeletal

MuscleMuscle1.1. Greater strength of contraction due to increasedGreater strength of contraction due to increased

muscle elasticitymuscle elasticity2.2. Faster speed of contraction due to increasedFaster speed of contraction due to increased

transmission of the nerve impulsetransmission of the nerve impulse

3.3. Faster speed of contraction and relaxation due toFaster speed of contraction and relaxation due to

increased temperature of the muscle fibresincreased temperature of the muscle fibres

4.4. Improved co-ordination of antagonistic pairsImproved co-ordination of antagonistic pairs

resulting in increased speed and strength ofresulting in increased speed and strength of

contractioncontraction5.5. Increased speed and contractile strength due toIncreased speed and contractile strength due to

increased enzyme action in warm musclesincreased enzyme action in warm muscles

6.6. Reduced risk of injury due to increased blood flow toReduced risk of injury due to increased blood flow to

the musclesthe muscles


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Homework: AnswerHomework: Answerquestions on page 39,questions on page 39,

answer questions 1, 4, andanswer questions 1, 4, and

5.5.

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Types of Contraction 4.0