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Types of Mixtures.notebook
1
March 21, 2012
Apr 46:08 PM
Chapter 13 Solutions
Types of Mixtures
Goals Distinguish between heterogeneous and homogeneous
mixtures. List the different types of solute and solvent combinations. Compare the properties of solutions, colloids, and suspensions. Distinguish between electrolytes and nonelectrolytes.
Apr 46:11 PM
Types of Mixtures
There are two basic types of mixtures (from Ch. 1) Heterogenous
Nonuniform composition Usually can see multiple components
Homogeneous Uniform composition Only see one component
Apr 46:15 PM
Heterogeneous Mixtures
Types are based on particle size.
Suspensions 1000 nm in diameter or larger Particles will settle unless the mixture is stirred
constantly. Can be separated by filtration
Apr 46:19 PM
Colloids Particles are between 1 and 1000 nm in diameter. Particles are too small to settle to the bottom
of a container. Particles are too small to be filtered in most situations.
Apr 46:23 PM
Types of Colloids
Many colloids are very well known and used.
Type DispersedPhase
DispersingMedium Example
Sol Solid Liquid Paint, Mud
Gel Solid Liquid Gelatin
Liquid Emulsion Liquid Liquid Milk, Mayonnaise
Foam Gas Liquid Shaving creamCool whip
SolidAerosol Solid Gas Smoke,
Car exhaust
Liquid Aerosol Liquid Gas Fog, Mist, Clouds,
Aerosol sprays
Solid Emulsion Liquid Solid Cheese, Butter
Apr 46:34 PM
Tyndall Effect
The particles in a colloid are small enough that they can scatter light. Must be in a transparent medium like water Only colloids can scatter light in this fashion.
Solutions cannot, even though both in some casesmay look transparent.
Types of Mixtures.notebook
2
March 21, 2012
Apr 46:48 PM
The Tyndall effect in a natural setting.
Apr 46:50 PM
Solutions
Homogeneous mixtures are known as solutions. Particle size is less than 1 nm in diameter. Particles cannot be filtered. Particles are too small to be subject to the Tyndall
effect. Mixture can only be separated by performing a phase
change on the components.
Apr 46:55 PM
Parts of a solution
Solvent Dissolving medium Present in the greatest amount Can be any phase
Apr 47:00 PM
Parts of a solution
Solute Substance being dissolved Present in a lesser amount Can be any phase Solutions can have multiple solutes
(but only one solvent)
Apr 47:04 PM
Types of Solutions Solutions can be any combination of phases The final solution phase will be the same as the solvent phase
Solute Phase Solvent Phase Solution Phase Example
Gas Gas Gas Air
Gas Liquid Liquid Soda
Liquid Gas Gas Water Vapor in Air
Gas Solid Solid H2 in Pt
Liquid Liquid Liquid Alcohol Solutions
Liquid Solid Solid Dental Fillings
Solid Liquid Liquid Seawater
Solid Solid Solid Alloys
Apr 47:13 PM
Types of Solutions
Two major classes Electrolytes
Can conduct electricity Ionic solutes
Nonelectrolytes Cannot conduct electricity Covalent solutes