Types of Paint

7/29/2019 Types of Paint

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Types of paint? (abbreviated directly from www.artlex.com)

acrylicpaints - Synthetic paints, with pigments dispersed in asynthetic vehicle made from polymerized acrylic acid esters, the mostimportant of which is polymethyl methacrylate. First used by artists in

the late 1940s, their use has come to rival that ofoil paintsbecause oftheir versatility. They can be used on nearly any surface,in transparentwashes or heavy impasto, with matte, semi-gloss,or glossyfinishes. Acrylic paints dry quickly, do not yellow, are easilyremoved with mineral spirits or turpentine (useacetone if those don'tremove enough), and can clean up with soap and water

casein paint - Apaintmuchlikeopaquewatercolor in which casein -- a milkglue -- is its binder. Casein is a white, tasteless, odorless proteinprecipitated from milk by rennin. (pr. kay-seen)

enamel - A vitrious, either transparent or opaque, protectiveor decorative coating made from silica (a kind ofglass) heated ina kiln or furnace, and fused onto metal (usually copper or gold), glass,or ceramic ware. It is often applied as a paste which solidify in firingasareas ofcolor. Also, an object, usually very small, having such acoating, as in a piece ofchamplev, cloisonn, bassetaille, or plique-a-jour.

encaustic - The medium, technique or process ofpainting with

molten wax (mostly beeswax), resin, and pigments thatare fused after application into a continuous layer and fixed toa support with heat. This achieves a lustrous enamel appearance.

Greek artists were painting with encaustic as long ago as the 5thcentury BCE. Over the intervening centuries, encaustic was overtakenby many other types of paint -- including tempera, oil, and acrylicpaints -- each of which was cheaper, faster, and easier to work.Artists experimented with encaustic in the 18th and 19th centuries,but it wasn't until the 20th century that its use has really revived. Onlywith the availability of portable electric heating devices for themelting of the wax has the use of encaustic become sufficientlyaccessible. Encaustic has become so versatile indeed thatmany contemporary painters consider it an attractive painting mediumagain. Modern painters who have used encaustic include RobertDelaunay, Antoine Pevsner, Diego Rivera, and Jasper Johns.
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Once applied to a surface, encaustic paint doesn't need to dry.Instead, it needs to cool. Because it cools in minutes,additionalcoats can be added almost immediately. Once its surfacehas cooled, encaustic paint presents a permanent finish, and yet thepainting can be revised and reworked at any time -- whether seconds

later or years later. It is a particularly durable paint, because waxis waterproofand over time can retain all the freshness ofa newly finished work.

Encaustic painting does not require solvents of any kind. As a result, anumber of health hazards are reduced or eliminated.

fresco - A method ofpainting on plaster, either dry (dry fresco or frescosecco) or wet (wet or true fresco). In the latter method,pigments areapplied to thin layers of wet plaster so that they will be absorbed andthe painting becomes part of the wall.

gouache - A heavy, opaque watercolor paint, sometimes called body color,producing a less wet-appearing and more strongly coloredpicture thanordinary watercolor.

oil paint - Slow drying paint made when pigments are mixed withan oil, linseed oil being most traditional. The oil dries with a hardfilm, and the brightness of the colors is protected. Oil paints areusually opaque and traditionally used on canvas. They can haveamatte, semi-gloss, or glossy finish. To look at examples of works inoil paints, see the articles under the names of every period from theRenaissance onward.

pastel - Pigments mixed with gum and water, and pressed into a dried stickform for use as crayons. Works ofart done with such pigments are alsocalled pastels. Chalk is similar to pastel, but more tightly bound.

tempera and temper - A paint and process involving an emulsion of oil andwater. It was in use before the invention ofoil paints. Traditionally itinvolves an egg emulsion; thus the term egg tempera.The pigments or colors are mixed with an emulsion of egg yolks(removed from their sacs) or ofsize, rather than oil, and can bethinned and solved with water. Also known as egg temperaand temper. A varnish for tempera paints, called glair may be
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prepared by mixing egg whites with a little water, then beating them,and applying once the bubbles are gone.

watercolor or watercolour - Any paint that uses water asa medium. Paintings done with this medium are known as watercolors.

An exception to this rule is water miscible oil paints, which employwater as their medium, but are actually oil paints.

Colors of paint?

The list of paint colors available is lengthy, but there is a basic list whichare used most frequently by artists which all have different propertiesrelated to opacity, drying time, cost, etc. Below is a list of colors, theirproperties, and their source abbreviated directlyfrom http://webexhibits.org/pigments/.

Red

Vermilion: An orangish red pigment with excellent hiding power and goodpermanence.

About the chemical structure:Chemical name: mercuric sulfideFormula: HgSCrystal System: Trigonal TrapezohedralRefractive Index: w=2.905, e=3.256, uniaxial

How can you identify Vermilion?Raman spectra (at University College London), (pdf file download; at Universityof Florence, Italy)UV/VIS/IR Spectra (at US Geological Survey)

Usage and handling?Permanence: very goodToxicity: MSDS

How Vermillion is made?Source: Mineral cinnabarNatural variety of pigment: The mineral was crushed and purified by washingand heatingArtificial variety of pigment: Mercury is combined with molten sulfur in weightproportions of five to one, forming black amorphous HgS (a'-form), which isbroken up and sublimated in earthenware pots, where its crystal structurereconfigures into red crystals (a-form).

Red LeadMadder Lake (Alizarine)RealgarRed Ochre
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Orange

Yellow

Green

Blue

Purple

Brown

Black

White

How to make paint?

Making most paint is not complicated. Simply add a medium such as oil to adry pigment. Mix thoroughly and voila! However, there are many lessonsthat one learns from doing this experiment that it is not all that simple. Forexample, acrylic paint dries extremely quickly, but the safety associatedwith this medium as well as the possibilities it holds makes this paintextremely popular among artists.

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Types of Paint