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Types of Reactions
• There are so many different reactions that happen inside and outside the human body that chemists have tried to organize them into 5 major groups
Synthesis Reactions
• Two or more substances combine to form a more complex substance (synthesis)
• 2 or more reactants• Only one product
Synthesis reactions
• A + B AB
Synthesis Reactions
• A and B may be elements or compounds• AB is always a compound• N2 + 3H2 2NH3
• Produces ammonia to be used in many things, like fertilizer, nylon and plastic.
Examples
• 2Mg + O2 → 2MgO
• S + O2 → SO2
• 2Na + Cl2 → 2NaCl
Decomposition Reactions
• A complex substance breaks down into simple substances (opposite of synthesis)
• 2 or more products• Only 1 reactant.
Decomposition reactions
• AB A + B
Decomposition Reactions
• AB is always a compound• A & B may be elements or
compounds• 2HgO Hg + O2
• Bleaching hair, antiseptic, rocket fuel
Examples
• 2HgO → 2Hg + O2
• CaCO3 → CaO + CO2
Single Replacement Reactions• An uncombined element replaces
another element that is in a compound.• 1 of the reactants must be an
uncombined element and the other an ionic compound.
• 1 of the products must be an uncombined element and the other an ionic compound.
Single Replacement Reactions• A + BC AC + B
Single Replacement Reactions
• Zn + H2SO4 ZnSO4 + H2
Double Replacement Reactions• Two compounds exchange positive ions.• All reactants and products are ionic.• Will only occur if at least 1 compound is
removed from solution.• by precipitation• One product is water• One product is a gas that bubbles away
Double Replacement Reactions• AB + CD AD + CB
Double Replacement Reactions
• 2NaOH + H2SO4 Na2SO4 + 2HOH
Combustion Reactions
• A substance burns in the presence of oxygen to produce carbon dioxide and water.
• C3H8 + 5 O2 3 CO2 + 4H2O• Propane burns (with the help of
oxygen) to produce carbon dioxide and water
Combustion Reaction
• Be careful not to confuse combustion reactions with single replacement reactions.
Let’s practice!!!!!
• 3Mg + 2FeCl3 2Fe + 3MgCl2• 2Fe + 3F2 2FeF3
• SO3 + H2O H2SO4
• 2HI H2 + I2• Li2CrO4 + BaCl2 2LiCl + BaCrO4
• CH4 + 2O2 CO2 + 2H2O• 2Al2O3 4Al + 3O2