Typical and Atypical Development Short Version

8/3/2019 Typical and Atypical Development Short Version

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Typical andTypical and

AtypicalAtypical

DevelopmentDevelopment

Cathy Babiak, PTCathy Babiak, PT

Project Vietnam FoundationProject Vietnam Foundation

20112011Edited fromEdited from

PathwaysPathways


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In the first three years of life a

typical infant learns to movepurposefully, to sit, crawl,stand, walk, run and jump.

Movement of a typicallydeveloping child is smooth,easy, coordinated purposeful

and graded. Typical motorcontrol is characterized byvariability and adaptability.

Each child develops in his own


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When an infant is developmentallyWhen an infant is developmentally

delayed or neurologicallydelayed or neurologicallyimpaired, these motor skills areimpaired, these motor skills are

often delayed and do not developoften delayed and do not develop

easily. Gross motor skills can onlyeasily. Gross motor skills can onlyoccur as the infant developsoccur as the infant develops

balance, coordination andbalance, coordination and

postural control needed to movepostural control needed to movehis body in space.his body in space.


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Multiple factors influence the

progression of the ability tomove. A childs health situationcan greatly impact motor

development. This isparticularly true in the first fewmonths of life when the infant

needs energy to move. Poorhealth, low birth weight,ineffective feeding, and birth

complications all have a


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These examplesThese examples ofofatypicalatypicaldevelopment are what you will oftendevelopment are what you will often

see in a infant with Cerebral Palsy.see in a infant with Cerebral Palsy.


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Two Month oldTwo Month old


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SupineSupine


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Typical Atypical

Visually tracks a moving toy from

side to side

Attempts to reach for a rattle held

above their chest

Keeps head in the middle when

watching faces

Head to one side; or strong

asymmetrical tonic neck reflex (ATNR)

Difficulty visually tracking, may only

track to one side or only to midline

Decreased ability to move arms and

legs


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SidelyingSidelying


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Typical Atypical

Able to assist in rolling May be unable assist in rolling


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ProneProne


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Difficulty lifting headDifficulty lifting head

Stiff legs with little or noStiff legs with little or no

movementmovement

Pushes back with headPushes back with head

AtypicalTypical

Head lifting to 45 degrees

Beginning to extend back


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Pull to SitPull to Sit


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Typical Atypical

Able to engage neck muscles to

sustain midline head control whenupright

Good extension through the cervical

and upper thoracic spine upper and

midback

Poor head control when in upright

sitting

Little muscle activity in the upper

extremities

When upright, rounding of the back


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SitSit


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Typical Atypical

Head is aligned with ear directly over

the shoulder

Holds and sustains posture with

assistance

Needs more support to sustain

sitting posture

Inability to achieve and sustain

head lifting in upright position


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HorizontalHorizontal

SuspensionSuspension


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Typical Atypical

Able activate neck and trunk

extension to sustain posture

Can maintain brief periods of head

control

Unable to activate adequate neck

and trunk extension to sustain

posture

Can not lift head up


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ProtectiveProtective

ExtensionExtension


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Typical Typical

Beginning to reach forward to protect

himself activating head and trunk

extension. Unable to generate antigravity head andtrunk activity


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StandStand


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Typical Atypical

Able to sustain weight on lowerextremities with support at the trunk

Good vertical alignment from head

through trunk and feet

May support little if any weight on feet

Little or no muscle activity to attain or

maintain standing


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Six month oldSix month old

infantinfant


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Typical Atypical

While lying on theirback Transfers a toy fromone hand to the other

Reaches both hands to

Supine


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Typical Atypical

While on their tummy

Reaches for anearby toy

Prone


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Typical Atypical

Developing head control

Pull to sit


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Typical Atypical

Sits and reaches for toyswithout falling.

Sitting


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Typical Atypical

Is beginning to standto get ready to walk

Standing


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Typical Atypical

ble to use arms to protect themself when fal

Protective Extension

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Typical and Atypical Development Short Version