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Information on Communication Disorders
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Typical and Disordered Communication
Overview• What is communication?• Components of communication
– Language• Form• Content• Use
– Speech• Voice• Articulation• Fluency/Stuttering
– Hearing• Acuity• Central Auditory Processing
• Classification of Communication Disorders• Video- Understanding Speech vs. Language
Your Communication in the Past 24 Hours
cont’d
• Communication Allows us to:– express needs & wants– Exchange information– Establish social closeness– fulfill social etiquette requirements
cont’d
• Communication can be:– verbal– non-verbal
• Variables that affect communication & its success or failure:– cultural identity– setting– participants
Components of Communication
Language
• A socially shared system of arbitrary symbols used for communication
• Has rules for combining the symbols into meaningful units
• Generative• Dynamic• Can be oral, written, or signed
Speech
• The physical production of spoken language
Hearing
• The process of perceiving sound
Personal Experiences
• Discuss with a couple of your neighbors any experiences you have had with individuals with communication disorders (e.g., family member, friend, client). – Did these individuals have difficulties
related to speech, language, and/or hearing?
Components of Communication
Language – Form
• The physical (visual and auditory) structure of language– What it sounds like and looks like
Language - Form• Phonology
– “The structure of sounds”– Individual sounds that make up words
• Morphology – “The structure of words”– The study of word structures/pieces of words– A collection of rules for combining “pieces” to form
words• Syntax
– “The structure of sentences”– A collection of rules for combining words into
phrases and sentences (word order; sentence structure)
Language – Form
• If difficulties with phonology, morphology, and/or syntax difficulties with the form of language
• Remember: the form of language has to do with structure
Language - Content
• The meaning of language
Language - Content
• Semantics– The study of the meaning in language– Vocabulary is a part of semantics
Language – Content
• If difficulties with vocabulary and the meaning of words difficulties with the content of language
Language - Use
• The purpose of language; why we are communicating in the first place– That is, we don’t communicate in order to make
sounds (phonology), to put appropriate prefixes or suffixes on words (morphology), to put words in a particular order (syntax), or to use certain vocabulary (semantics)
– There is a broader purpose to communication. This is what pragmatics is all about
Language - Use• Pragmatics
– The study of rules that govern language use in social situations (spoken and written)• Examples:
– knowing when to take a turn in a conversation
– Maintaining a topic– Rules for making eye contact– Asking partners questions about themselves
(and not just talking about yourself)– these are all a part of pragmatics
• Discuss the phonology, morphology, syntax, semantics, and pragmatics of these sentences with a few classmates:Dad: Where are your new shoes?Child: Me no have shoe.Dad: Yes, you do. Where are they?Child: Me go pay (for “play”).
Components of Communication
Speech
• Voice– The sound source for speech– Produced in the larynx, a structure in the
neck• Articulation
– The movement of the speech mechanism to produce the sounds of speech
Speech
• Fluency– Easy, smooth, flowing, and effortless
speech
Components of Communication
Hearing
• Acuity– Ability to perceive sound
• Central Auditory Processing Disorder– Normal hearing acuity– Difficulty understanding speech
Classification of Communication Disorders
• Etiology – cause of the problem– Organic: Neurological or physiological
cause– Functional: Do not have a known organic
cause• Progression of the disorder
– Progressive/Degenerative: Deteriorates over time
– Non-progressive: does not deteriorate over time
Classification of Communication Disorders
• Age of Onset: – Congenital/Development: Occurs before,
during, or shortly after the time of birth– Acquired: Occurs after a period of normal
communication
Review• What is communication?• Components of communication
– Language• Content• Form• Use
– Speech• Voice• Articulation• Fluency/Stuttering
– Hearing• Acuity• Central Auditory Processing
• Classification of Communication Disorders