American History II Review Sheet The Great West and the Rise of the Debtor (1860-1896)

Challenges of Westward MovementRoles of womenRoles of African AmericansRoles of ChineseRoles of IrishSod houses, dugout homes

Motivation for Westward MovementJoseph SmithBrigham YoungMormonsHomestead ActComstock LodeOklahoma Land RushGold Rush

Impact of the transcontinental railroadDawes ActMoving Native Americans to reservationsChief JosephNez PearcePromontory Point, UtahIrish ImmigrantsChinese Immigrants

Development of the cattle, ranching, and mining industriesRepeater rifle – slaughter of buffaloDevelopment of cattle industry – use of railroadsThe “long drive” – cowboysFencing the prairie, barbed wireClosing the frontier – Turner Thesis

Mexican influence on the West

Westward Movement Impact on IndiansDestruction of:

BuffaloReservation system

Indian Wars Sand Creek Massacre – CheyenneBattle of Little Bighorn/Custer’s Last Stand – Crazy HorseBattle of Wounded KneeHelen Hunt Jackson’s Century of DishonorBuffalo Soldiers

Rise and fall of PopulismDemand for “cheap” money – silver

Goldbugs versus Free SilveritesElection of 1896 – William McKinley versus William Jennings BryanCollapse of Populism

Impact of laws and court cases on the farmerMorrill Land Grant Act (1862)Farmers versus railroads – Grange

Populist PartyMunn v. IllinoisInterstate Commerce Act

Growing discontent of the farmerSouthern AllianceColored Farmers’ AllianceOmaha Platform

RebatesGold standard versus bimetallism

“Cross of Gold” speechGreenback

Technological improvements in farmingSteel windmillSteel plowMechanical reaper

Changing nature of farming as a businessFarmers’ Cooperatives

Increased dependence on railroadsRefrigerator car

Goal 4 Review Questions:1. Why did settlers move westward and how did the government encourage them?2. How did this migration affect Native Americans?3. What led to the rise and fall of the cowboy era?4. What were the causes of farmers’ economic problems and how did they intend to solve them?5. Why did the Populist movement collapse?

Becoming an Industrial Society (1877-1900) Urban Issues

UrbanizationHousingElevatorDumbbell tenementsJacob RiisSanitationTransportationElectric trolleys, streetcars, subways

The rise of ethnic neighborhoodsCulture shockSocial Gospel movementSettlement houses, Jane Addams“New Immigration” (before 1890 versus after 1890)Ellis IslandAngel IslandNativismChinese Exclusion ActGentlemen’s AgreementSweatshopsCultural pluralismMelting pot (?)

New forms of leisureAmusement parksSpectator sportsCentral Park, Frederick Olmstead

Emergence of new industriesRailroadsSteelBessemer ProcessU. S. SteelOilEdwin DrakeStandard OilOther Technology

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Telephone, Alexander Graham BellHarnessing electricity, Thomas Edison, George WestinghouseTypewriter, Christopher Sholes

Changes in the ways businesses formed and consolidated powerTrustMonopolyVertical and horizontal integrationInterlocking directorates

Influence of business leaders as “captains of industry” or as “robber barons”Gilded AgeAndrew CarnegieJohn D. RockefellerJ. P. MorganVanderbiltsDukes

Relationship of big business to the governmentLaissez-faire economics versus regulationCredit MobilierMunn v. IllinoisInterstate Commerce ActSherman Antitrust Act

Influence of Darwinism, Social Darwinism, and the Gospel of WealthPhilanthropy of robber barons versus business practicesHoratio Alger storiesJacob Riis

Formation of labor unionsWorking conditionsWagesChild labor

Types of unionsNational Labor Union, SylvisKnights of Labor, PowderlyAmerican Federation of Labor, GompersAmerican Railway Union, DebsInternational Workers of the World, Haywood

Tactics used by labor unionsStrikeCollective bargainingArbitrationMediationClosed shopStrikes:Great Strike of 1877Haymarket AffairHomestead StrikePullman Strike

Opposition to labor unionsHaymarket AffairRole of federal government, use of troopsYellow-dog contractSherman Antitrust Act

Impact of law and court decisionsSherman Antitrust ActTariff issue

“Laissez-faire” government policiesOperation of political machines

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Boss TweedTammany Hall

Patronage versus the civil service systemPendleton ActMugwumpsStalwarts versus Half-breedsElection of 1892, Assassination of Garfield

Impact of corruption and scandal in the governmentThomas NastCredit MobilierGraftWhiskey Ring

Election of 1896PopulismSecret ballot (Australian ballot)ReferendumRecallInitiative17th Amendment

Goal 5 Review Questions:1. How did new inventions and technologies influence American life?2. What were the positive and negative aspects of railroad expansion?3. What strategies enabled big business to eliminate competition?4. How successful were labor unions in addressing poor working conditions?5. What opportunities and problems existed in an urban setting?6. What reform movements helped the urban poor?7. What attempts were made to deal with corruption in government and how successful was reform in this

area?

The emergence of the United States in World Affairs (1890-1914)

Global and military competitionAlfred Mahan

Increased demands for resources and marketsImperialismSpheres of influence

Closing of the frontierFrederick Jackson Turner

Exploitation of nations, peoples, and resourcesJosiah Strong

Causes and conduct of the Spanish-American WarYellow journalism

William Randolph HearstJoseph PulitzerU. S. S. Maine

DeLome LetterTreaty of Paris of 1898“A Splendid Little War”

United States Interventions:Hawaii

Queen LiliuokalaniLatin America

Panama CanalPancho Villa raids

CaribbeanJose Marti, Cuban Revolution, General WeylerTheodore RooseveltRough Riders

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Admiral SampsonPuerto Rico

Foraker Act Insular CasesProtectorate status

Platt Amendment (Cuba) – Guantanamo BayAsia/Pacific

PhilippinesFilipino-American WarAguinaldoCommodore Dewey

Seward’s Folly (Alaska)China

Spheres of influenceHay’s Open Door Policy

Intervention versus isolation“Jingoism”Platt AmendmentAnti-Imperialism LeagueMissionary Diplomacy

Support for and opposition to U. S. economic interventionAnnexation of HawaiiPanama Canal

Hay-Bunau-Varilla TreatyArmy Corps of Engineers

Dollar DiplomacyPerception of the U. S. as a world power

Roosevelt Corollary, “Big Stick” diplomacyGreat White FleetTreaty of PortsmouthBoxer RebellionOpen Door Policy

Goal 6 Review Questions:1. What three factors spurred the new American Imperialism?2. Why did the U. S. want to annex Hawaii?3. What were the causes and effects of the Spanish-American-Cuban War?4. How did U. S. foreign policy at the turn of the century affect China?5. How were the foreign policy philosophies of McKinley, Roosevelt, Taft, and Wilson different?

The Progressive Movement in the United States (1890-1914) Corruption and ineffectiveness of government

MuckrakingIda Tarbell, The History of Standard Oil

Immigration and urban poorLincoln Steffens, The Shame of the CitiesJacob Riis, How the Other Half LivesUrban slums

Working conditionsTriangle Shirtwaist Factory Fire

Emergence of the Social GospelUnequal distribution of wealth

The roles of the Progressive presidentsRoosevelt

Square DealCoal Strike (1902)

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Sherman Antitrust Act – Busts “bad” trusts (ones against the public interest)U. S. v. E. C. Knight and Company (1895 – pre-TR; sugar)Railroads:

Northern Securities v. U. S. (1904) Elkins ActHepburn Act

Pure Food and Drug ActMeat Inspection ActConservation (Pinchot)Progressive (Bull Moose) Party

TaftAmerican Tobacco v. U. S. (1911)Payne-Aldrich Tariff (1909)Pinchot-Ballinger controversy (conservation)Trustbusting record #1

WilsonNew Freedom

Clayton Antitrust Act (All trusts are bad – bust them.)Federal Trade CommissionUnderwood TariffFederal Reserve System

Election of 1912TR, Taft, Wilson, Debs (Socialist)

The growing power of the electorate17th AmendmentDirect primaryInitiativeReferendumRecall

The changing roles and influence of womenHull House, Jane Addams18th Amendment (Volstead Act)

Carrie Nation19th Amendment (Women’s suffrage)

Susan B. AnthonyElizabeth Cady StantonCary Chapman Catt

The impact of political and economic changes on the working class16th Amendment (income tax)

The changing nature of state and local governmentsRobert LaFolletteChild labor laws

Illinois Factory ActKeating-Owen Act

New York fire codesMaximum hours/work week cases

Mueller v. OregonBunting v. Oregon

DisenfranchisementLiteracy testPoll taxGrandfather clauses

African-American responses to Jim CrowGreat MigrationBooker T. Washington (“Cast down your bucket where you are”)W. E. B. DuBois (“Talented Tenth”)

Atlanta Compromise SpeechNiagara MovementNAACP

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Segregated societyIda Wells Barnett – federal anti-lynching lawPlessy v. Ferguson (1896)

Industrial innovationsWright BrothersMovie cameraElectricitySkyscrapersSewing machineFord

Assembly lineModel T$5 DayWorkers as Consumers

Emergence of advertising and consumerismCoca-ColaMail-order catalogsKodak camerasAirline service

Goal 7 Review Questions:1. How did African Americans and women fight legal discrimination?2. How were the various levels of government reformed?3. What actions did Progressive presidents take to protect citizens and the environment?4. What problems led to the splitting of the Republican Party?

The Great War and Its Aftermath (1914-1930)

Causes of World War I in EuropeMilitarismImperialismNationalismTreaties of AllianceAssassination of Archduke Franz FerdinandSerbia and RussiaAlliesCentral PowersKaiser Wilhelm II

Schlieffen PlanUse and effects of propagandaU. S. antiwar sentiment

Election of 1916 – Wilson versus HughesIsolationistsJeanette Rankin (vote versus war)

Reasons for U. S. entry into the Great WarU-boat warfareContrabandZimmerman TelegramLusitaniaWilson – “Make the world safe for democracy”Idealism

The importance of United States participation in World War IJohn J. PershingAmerican Expeditionary ForceMarshal Ferdinand Foch

Modernization of warfareBritish blockade

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U-boat wolfpacksConvoy systemTrench warfare, “no man’s land”Mustard gasAirplanes

Captain Eddie RickenbackerRussian and Bolshevik Revolutions

The changing nature of United States foreign policyKey factors in Allies’ success

DoughboysAlvin York

Failure of United States to ratify the Treaty of VersaillesArmisticeFourteen Points (#1-5, 14)League of NationsHenry Cabot LodgeThe “Big Four”“Make Germany Pay”

war guilt clausereparations

“Peace without victory”

Government bureaucracy in the United StatesCommittee on Public Information, George CreelFood Administration, Herbert HooverWar Industries Board, Bernard BaruchSale of Liberty Bonds

Anti-immigration sentiment and the first Red ScareRed Scare Emergency Quota Act (immigration)International Workers of the WorldKu Klux KlanPalmer RaidsSacco and Vanzetti

Restrictions on civil liberties during wartimeEspionage and Sedition ActsImprisonment of DebsSchenck v. U. S. (1919)

Political changes in Europe and the near EastSelf-determinationNew map of EuropeRussia’s separate treaty with Germany

Impact of isolationism on American foreign policyKellogg-Briand PactWashington Naval ConferenceDawes Plan

Goal 8 Review Questions:1. What were the long-term and immediate causes of WWI?2. What were the immediate causes of U. S. involvement in WWI?3. How did the United States prepare for war?4. How did the U. S. sell the war?5. What were the major effects of the Treaty of Versailles?6. How did Wilson’s support for the League of Nations stand in the way of Senate support for the

Treaty of Versailles?7. What were the major international consequences of WWI?

Prosperity and Depression (1919-1939)

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The impact of presidential policies on economic activityHarding

“Return to Normalcy”Laissez-faireTeapot Dome scandalAlbert Fall

CoolidgeLaissez-faire

HooverHawley-Smoot Tariff (high!)Rugged individualismBoulder DamReconstruction Finance Corporation (RFC)Home Loan Bank ActGassing the Bonus Army

RooseveltElection of 1932 (Hoover versus FDR)New DealDirect relief

Rise and/or decline of major industries in the United StatesIndustries that boomed due to WWI tended to suffer firstFarmers in depression in 1920s

Factors leading to the stock market crash and the onset of the Great DepressionSpeculationBuying on the marginMechanization“Black Tuesday”

Consumer spending habits and trendsEasy creditInstallment plan buying

Difficulties of farmersOverproduction

Response to end of prosperity (Stock Market crash, Dust Bowl, Bonus Army, bank failures)

HoovervillesSoup kitchensBreadlinesRadioFDR’s “fireside chats”Marketing, advertising

Public response to the Great DepressionThe Lost GenerationF. Scott FitzgeraldErnest HemingwaySinclair Lewis

The Harlem RenaissanceJazzLangston HughesLouis ArmstrongZora Neale Hurston

ProhibitionSpeakeasiesBootleggers

Leisure time and spectator sportsFlappers Silent and “talkie” movies“The Jazz Singer”Babe Ruth

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Charles LindberghAutomobiles

The “Back to Africa” movement and Pan-AfricanismMarcus GarveyUnited Negro Improvement AssociationW. E. B. DuBois

The Fundamentalists versus Freethinking MovementFundamentalismScopes TrialAimee Semple McPhersonBilly Sunday

Religion in PoliticsThe changing role of women

Margaret Sanger

Responses to the New Deal Father Charles Coughlin“Kingfish” Huey LongDr. Frances Townsend (not a woman, and not the first female cabinet member)Liberty League

The Three R’ (Relief, Recovery, Reform)FDR’s (First) New Deal

“Brain Trust”Bank Holiday – Emergency Banking Relief ActFireside chatsFirst Hundred Days

Second New Deal (the forgotten man)Setbacks in the Supreme Court

AAA and NIRA unconstitutionalCourt-packing plan

Social Security Administration *Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) *Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) *Public Works Administration (PWA)Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC)Agricultural Adjustment Act (AAA)Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) *National Industrial Recovery Act (NIRA)Works Progress Administration (WPA)National Labor Relations Act (aka Wagner Act)Fair Labor Standards Act *

Expansion of the role of the federal governmentDeficit spendingAgencies noted with * still exist todayWomen and minorities

Secretary of Labor Frances Perkins“Black Cabinet”Mary McLeod BethuneRole of Eleanor RooseveltMarian AndersonFDR opposes federal antilynching law“Solid South”John Collier, Indian Reorganization Act (reservations are back)

Goal 9 Review Questions:1. How did nativist sentiment play out in the 1920s?2. What evidence shows that the U. S. was interested in isolationist foreign policy?3. What evidence suggests that the prosperity of the 1920s was not built on a firm foundation?

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4. In what ways was traditional/rural life at odds with urban life during this period?5. What were some of the important African American achievements during the Twenties?6. What factors contributed to the Great Depression?7. How did Hoover’s philosophy shape his approach to the Great Depression?8. How did Roosevelt change the role of the federal government during his first Hundred Days in

office?9. What federal agencies were created to help farmers? Businesses? The unemployed?10. Why did certain groups and people oppose the New Deal?

World War II and the Beginning of the Cold War (1930-1963)

AppeasementAnschluss (Austria)Munich PactChamberlainCzechoslovakiaPolandDeclaration of War in Europe

BlitzkriegFall of France (Charles De Gaulle)Rescue at DunkirkBattle of Britain (RAF v. Luftwaffe)Winston Churchill

IsolationismKellogg-Briand PactNye Committee

ReparationsTotalitarian governments

FascismSocialismCommunismAdolf Hitler

Third ReichRise of the Nazi Party, 1933Mein KampfMaster race theory

Benito MussoliniEmperor Hirohito

Japan’s economic problems (Manchuria, Manchukuo, Tojo)Joseph Stalin

Collectivization, Five-Year PlansGreat Purges, SiberiaNon-Aggression PactHitler invades – “scorched earth policy”

Treaty of VersaillesWorldwide depression

Persecution of JewsNuremberg LawsKristallnachtGhettosGenocide – HolocaustConcentration camps

The United States at warFrom Isolationism to Involvement

Quarantine SpeechNeutrality ActsCash and CarryLend-Lease Act

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Atlantic Charter – five war aimsSelective Service ActPearl Harbor (December 7, 1941)

European TheaterNorth African Campaign against Rommel’s Afrika CorpsEisenhowerPattonItalian Campaign (Operation Torch)Operation BarbarossaStalingradOperation Overlord (D-Day) – Invasion at NormandyBattle of the BulgeV-E Day

Pacific TheaterMacArthurNimitzBattle at Coral Sea (protects Australia)Midway“leapfrogging” (island-hopping) strategyGuadalcanalPhilippines (MacArthur returns) – Leyte GulfIwo Jima and OkinawaKamikazesHiroshima, NagasakiDeath of FDR – Truman takes overManhattan Project – atomic bombOppenheimerV-J Day

Wartime ConferencesCasablancaTehranPotsdamYalta

The influence of propaganda at home and abroadNewsreelsPamphletsAir dropsWartime posters

Four FreedomsDesigns for peace

Creation of the United NationsDivision of GermanyOccupation of JapanNuremberg Trials Israel

The home frontFDR beats Wendell Wilkie (1940)War bondsWomen in Service – WAACS, WAVESSegregation of African AmericansOffice of Research and Development – inventions A. Philip Randolph – canceled March on WashingtonWar Production Board (WPB)

“Rosie the Riveter”Office of Price Administration (OPA)

rationingSuspension of civil liberties

Relocation of Japanese-AmericansKorematsu v. U. S.

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Suburbanization(This topic is repeated in Goal 11; terms are included in 11.01)

Transition to peacetimePostwar economic boomAFL-CIOTaft-Hartley Act

U. S. military interventionKorea

38th ParallelNorth (Communist) invades SouthU. S. and United Nations (MacArthur)Cease-fire (two Koreas)CIACubaFidel Castro

The Cold WarCivil War in China: Nationalists (Chiang Kai-shek) versus Communists (Mao Zedong)Iron CurtainDivision of GermanyBerlin Blockade and Airlift

Domino TheoryContainmentEastern EuropeTruman DoctrineMarshall Plan

Balance of powerAlliance for ProgressNATO Warsaw Pact

Organizations for peaceOrganization of American StatesSEATOUnited Nations

Security Council

Goal 10 Review Questions:1. How did the Versailles Treaty and the Great Depression contribute to the rise of dictators

throughout Europe?2. How did America’s isolationism in the 1920s and 1930s contribute to World War II?3. What factors led to Hitler’s seizure of nearly all of Europe by 1941?4. What were Japan’s goals for becoming involved in WWII?5. What developments indicated that the U. S. was moving toward entering the war by 1941?6. How did the U. S. mobilize for war after Pearl Harbor?7. Describe the basic strategy of the U. S. during WWII in both the European and Pacific fronts.8. What was the aftermath of the war for Germany and Japan?9. Explain the factors at the end of WWII that led to the Cold War.

Recovery, Prosperity, and Turmoil (1945-1980) Effects of Cold War on America’s home life

Postwar economic boomG. I. BillMcCarran Internal Security ActAlger HissThe Rosenburgs

Domino Theory and GeopoliticsEisenhower’s Foreign Policy

John Foster Dulles – massive retaliation

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Hydrogen bombBrinkmanshipSoviets in HungarySuez Canal CrisisSputnikU-2 IncidentICBMsJohn GlennKrushchevEisenhower DoctrineGeneva Accords

Kennedy’s Foreign PolicyBay of Pigs InvasionCuban Missile CrisisBerlin WallWashington-Krushchev hotlineLimited Test Ban Treaty

McCarthyismLoyalty Review BoardHouse Un-American Activities CommissionMcCarthyismHollywood blacklists

Spread of suburbiaBaby boomersLevittownNorthern MigrationMiddle-classConglomerates/franchisesConformityEffects of televisionWhite flight/poverty in cities

Effects of Nixon’s visits to China and MoscowDétentePing-pong diplomacy

Carter’s Human Rights Foreign Policy and the Collapse of DétenteHelsinki Accords (1975)

The Military-Industrial Complex

The Civil Rights MovementDe jure and de facto segregationAffirmative ActionBrown v. Board of Education (1954)

Thurgood MarshallLittle Rock Nine

Montgomery Bus BoycottRosa ParksMartin Luther King, Jr.Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC)Student Non-violent Coordinating Committee (SNCC)Congress on Racial Equality (CORE)

Sit-insFreedom RidesBirmingham MarchMarch on Washington

“I Have a Dream” speechCivil Rights Act of 1964, 1968Selma CampaignFreedom Summer

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Voting Rights Act of 1965James MeredithGeorge WallaceTension within the Movement’s Leadership

Malcolm X/Nation of IslamStokely Carmichael/Black PowerHuey Newton and Bobby Seales/Black Panthers

Changes in State and Federal LegislationExecutive Actions

TrumanDesegregation of the U. S. military

EisenhowerEnforcement of Brown v. Board

KennedyJohnson

Cultural MovementsFeminists

Betty Friedan, The Feminine MystiqueNational Organization for Women (NOW)Gloria SteinemPhyliss SchaflyRoe v. Wade (1973)Failure of Equal Rights Amendment (ERA)

American IndiansAmerican Indians Movement (AIM)

LatinosUnited Farm WorkersCesar Chavez

Labor Movement

Environmental MovementSocial Movements

Pop CultureRock and RollElvis Presley

CountercultureHippiesWoodstockThe Beatnik MovementJack Kerouac

Socio-economic Status and JobsWhite-collarBlue-collarPink-collar

Significance of the Domino TheoryGeneva Accords

U. S. Involvement in VietnamHo Chi MinhOverthrow of Ngo DiemVietcong, guerilla tacticsTonkin Gulf ResolutionGeneral WestmorelandSecretary of Defense Robert McNamaraU. S. Tactics

Operation Rolling Thunder

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Carpet bombing NapalmAgent OrangeSearch and destroy missions

Vietnam’s Effect on U. S. Politics and SocietyCredibility gapDraft exemptionsMy Lai MassacreInvasion of CambodiaPentagon PapersWar Powers ActOpposition

Students for a Democratic Society (SDS)Draft dodgingKent State Massacre

VietnamizationFall of Saigon

Role of the MediaLiving room war

The Impact of the Space Race on EducationTechnological Changes

Mass MediaColor television

CommunicationMilitaryScience

MicrowaveMedicineElectronics

Silicon ValleyData storageTransportationEnergy

Nuclear power

Connection of Population Shifts to Technological Changes in Society

* Fair Deal1948 Election (Truman versus Dewey)

Little Rock Nine* Dynamic Conservatism

Interstate and Defense Highway ActNew Frontier

Kennedy-Nixon TV DebatesFlexible response doctrineKeynesian economicsPeace CorpsAlliance for ProgressNASA – moon landing goalNeil ArmstrongAssassination – Warren Commission Report

Great SocietyHeadStartDepartment of Housing and Urban DevelopmentMedicare/MedicaidWarren Court Rulings

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Elementary and Secondary Education ActCivil Rights Acts of 1964, 1965

New Federalism/Law and OrderRevenue sharing“Enemies list”Nixon’s Southern Strategy“gradual integration”stagflationOPEC/oil embargo

Voter Apathy

1968 as a Turning PointElection

Johnson does not seek re-electionDemocratic National Convention in ChicagoRobert F. Kennedy’s candidacyEugene McCarthy as “dove” candidateNixon elected

RFKAssassination by Sirhan Sirhan

MLK, Jr.Assassination by James Earl Ray

TET OffensivePsychological turning point of American involvement

Watergate ScandalNew York Times v. U. S. (1971)Sam Ervin, Senate CommissionJohn DeanWoodward and BernsteinU. S. v. Nixon (1974)Presidential pardon

Changing relationship of the federal government (sic)Urban Renewal Programs

The United States since the Vietnam War (1973-Present)

Problems in the Third WorldFamine in Somalia, EthiopiaApartheid

Nelson MandelaBosnia

Modern-day GenocideSaddam Hussein

AIDS and PandemicsPolitics of Oil

Iran-Contra AffairPersian Gulf War

Rise of Religious and Political RadicalismNationalism for Palestine

Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO)Yasser Arafat

U. S. invasion of LebanonYom Kippur WarCamp David Accords

Anwar el-SadatMenachem Begin

Shah of Iran

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Ayatollah KhomeiniIranian Hostage CrisisJimmy Carter

Collapse of CommunismStrategic Defense Initiative (SDI)INF TreatyMikhail GorbachevFall of the Berlin WallTienanmen Square

European UnionChanging Roles of International Organizations

Role of Lobbyists and Special Interest GroupsPolitical Action Committees (PACs)

The Supreme CourtMinority Rights

Regents of California v. Bakke (1978), reverse discriminationAffirmative ActionTexas v. Johnson (1989) -- flag burningSwann v. Charlotte-Mecklenburg – bussing to achieve racial integration

Privacy RightsConservative Justices

William RehnquistSandra Day O’ConnorClarence Thomas

Recession: Economic Boom and BustFord’s Administration

Whip Inflation Now (WIN)Stagflation

Reagan’s AdministrationSupply-side Economics“Trickle-down” TheoryNational DebtNASDAQ (1990s)

Benefits and Conflicts of Continued GlobalizationNorth American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA)

Conservation MeasuresDepartment of EnergyNational Energy ActSolar Energy

Impact of Economics onLifestyle

Failure of healthcare reformStock MarketJob Market

Impact of Technology on Way of LifeThree Mile IslandChallenger disasterComputer RevolutionMicrosoft, Bill GatesInternet

Changes from Industrial Economy to Service Economy

Changing SocietySocial

Amnesty for draft-dodgersAmericans with Disabilities Act (ADA)

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Geraldine FerraroTitle IXGraying of AmericaMulticulturalismNo Child Left Behind Act

PoliticalElection of 1976 – Carter versus FordElections of 1980-2000

New Right CoalitionNew FederalismNew DemocratRoss Perot (1992)Newt Gingrich (1994 Republican Revolution, Contract with America)Bill Clinton (1992)Al Gore (2000)Joe Lieberman (2000 VP candidate)John McCain (2000 Republican candidate)27th Amendment

CulturalDemographic

Presidential Troubles

Major IssuesHealthcareWelfare ReformMedicareAIDS

Growing Cultural Diversity in the U. S.Green cardNativistBilingual education

Questions of RaceMinorities in politics

Population Changes and New Demographics

Restrictions on Civil LibertiesPatriot Act

The Challenge to the American SpiritEmbassy bombingsSeptember 11, 2001

World Trade Center bombingPentagon

Osama bin LadenTerrorist Network

U. S. Government Policy Toward TerrorismColin PowellDepartment of Homeland Security

Airport securityPre-emptive strikes“Axis of Evil”Nuclear proliferation

Impact of Terrorist Threats on U. S. Foreign PolicyWar in AfghanistanTaliban RegimeWar in Iraq

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Goal 12 Review Questions:1. What were the causes of the growth in popularity of conservative politics in the U. S.

during this period?2. What were the policies and events that brought about an end to the Cold War?3. What U. S. actions and world events reflected the identity of America as “THE

superpower” of the world during this time period?4. What events and trends challenged that notion of U. S. superiority and power?5. What led to the prosperity of the 1990s and the recession in the new century?6. How did population trends, including the “graying” of the baby boomers and the

growth of minority populations in the U. S., affect U. S. culture and policies during the era?

7. How were energy consumption and sources of energy at odds with environmental concerns during this era?

8. How has the threat of terrorism shaped American life in this era?

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