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UNIT 5: EMOTIONS AND MOODS
WEEK 4
OPENING ACTIVITY
What is the difference between emotions and moods?
Should managers be intune with emotions and moods on the workforce?
Please post your response in the Seminar
EMOTIONS - WHY EMOTIONS WERE
IGNORED IN OB
The “myth of rationality”
Organizations are not emotion-free.
Emotions of any kind are disruptive to organizations.
Original OB focus was solely on the effects of strong negative emotions that interfered with individual and organizational efficiency.
WHAT ARE EMOTIONS?
© 2007 PRENTICE HALL INC. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
MoodsMoodsFeelings that tend to be Feelings that tend to be less intense than less intense than emotions and that lack a emotions and that lack a contextual stimulus.contextual stimulus.
MoodsMoodsFeelings that tend to be Feelings that tend to be less intense than less intense than emotions and that lack a emotions and that lack a contextual stimulus.contextual stimulus.
EmotionsEmotionsIntense feelings that are Intense feelings that are directed at someone or directed at someone or something.something.
EmotionsEmotionsIntense feelings that are Intense feelings that are directed at someone or directed at someone or something.something.
AffectAffectA broad range of emotions A broad range of emotions
that people experience.that people experience.
AffectAffectA broad range of emotions A broad range of emotions
that people experience.that people experience.
© 2007 PRENTICE HALL INC. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
EMOTION DIMENSIONS
Biology of emotions
Originate in brain’s limbic system
Intensity of emotions
Personality
Job Requirements
Frequency and duration of emotions
How often emotions are exhibited
How long emotions are displayed
Functions of emotions
Critical for rational thinking
Motivate people
© 2007 PRENTICE HALL INC. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
© 2007 PRENTICE HALL INC. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
Mood as Positive and Negative Affect
SOURCES OF EMOTIONS AND
MOODS
Personality
Day and Time of the Week
NOT Weather
Stress
Social Activities
Sleep
Exercise
Age
Gender
© 2007 PRENTICE HALL INC. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
© 2007 PRENTICE HALL INC. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
Positive Moods are Highest
• At the End of the Week
• In the Middle Part of the Day
Negative Moods are Highest
• At the Beginning of the Week
And, show little variation throughout the day
GENDER AND EMOTIONS
Women
Can show greater emotional expression.
Experience emotions more intensely.
Display emotions more frequently.
Are more comfortable in expressing emotions.
Are better at reading others’ emotions.
Men
Believe that displaying emotions is inconsistent with the male image.
Are innately less able to read and to identify with others’ emotions.
Have less need to seek social approval by showing positive emotions.
© 2007 PRENTICE HALL INC. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
EXTERNAL CONSTRAINTS ON
EMOTIONS
© 2007 PRENTICE HALL INC. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
OrganizationalOrganizationalInfluencesInfluences
OrganizationalOrganizationalInfluencesInfluences
CulturalCulturalInfluencesInfluences
CulturalCulturalInfluencesInfluences
IndividualIndividualEmotionsEmotions
IndividualIndividualEmotionsEmotions
EMOTIONAL LABOR
© 2007 PRENTICE HALL INC. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
Emotional Labor
A situation in which an employee expresses organizationally desired
emotions during interpersonal transactions.
FELT VERSUS DISPLAYED EMOTIONS
© 2007 PRENTICE HALL INC. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
Felt Emotions
An individual’s actual emotions.
Displayed Emotions
Emotions that are organizationally required and considered appropriate in a given job.
© 2007 PRENTICE HALL INC. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
•Internals (Internal locus of control) Individuals who believe that they control what happens to them.
Note: Higher emotional labor = more highly paid jobs (with high cognitive requirements)
AFFECTIVE EVENTS THEORY (AET)
Emotions are negative or positive responses to a work environment event. Personality and mood determine the intensity of the
emotional response. Emotions can influence a broad range of work
performance and job satisfaction variables. Implications of the theory:
Individual response reflects emotions and mood cycles. Current and past emotions affect job satisfaction. Emotional fluctuations create variations in job
satisfaction and performance. Both negative and positive emotions can distract
workers and reduce job performance.
© 2007 PRENTICE HALL INC. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
AFFECTIVE EVENTS THEORY (AET)
© 2007 PRENTICE HALL INC. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
E X H I B I T 8–6E X H I B I T 8–6Source: Based on N.M. Ashkanasy and C.S. Daus, “Emotion in the Workplace: The New
Challenge for Managers,” Academy of Management Executive, February 2002, p. 77.
EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE
Self-awareness (know how you feel)
Self-management (manage your emotions and impulses)
Self-motivation (can motivate yourself & persist)
Empathy (sense & understand what others feel)
Social Skills (can handle the emotions of others)
© 2007 PRENTICE HALL INC. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
Research Findings: High EI scores, not high IQ scores, characterize high performers.
OB APPLICATIONS OF UNDERSTANDING
EMOTIONS Emotions and Selection
Emotions affect employee effectiveness.
Decision Making
Emotions are an important part of the decision-making process in organizations.
Creativity
Positive mood increases creativity
Motivation
Emotional commitment to work and high motivation are strongly linked.
Leadership
Emotions are important to acceptance of messages from organizational leaders.
© 2007 PRENTICE HALL INC. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
OB APPLICATIONS… (CONT’D)
Interpersonal Conflict
Conflict in the workplace and individual emotions are strongly intertwined.
Negotiation
Emotions can impair negotiations.
Customer Services
Emotions affect service quality delivered to customers which, in turn, affects customer relationships.
Job Attitudes
Can carry over to home
Deviant Workplace Behaviors
Negative emotions lead to employee deviance (actions that violate norms and threaten the organization). Productivity failures
Property theft and destruction
Political actions
Personal aggression
© 2007 PRENTICE HALL INC. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
Lucy has a high need for achievement and
likes to come to work and focus on her job
only. If you were Lucy’s manager, how could
you get her to feel more emotion at work?
Would you want her to? Why or why not?
© 2007 PRENTICE HALL INC. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
Chapter Check-Up: Emotions and Moods
© 2007 PRENTICE HALL INC. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
Chapter Check-Up: Emotions and Moods
Do you think there could be emotional and
mood implications for telecommuting? If yes,
how so?
Hint: Consider this woman!
Why might she NOT always feel this way?
ARTICLE FROM AN ONLINE PERIODICAL
Online articles follow the same guidelines for printed articles. Include all information the online host makes available, including an issue number in parentheses.
Author, A. A., & Author, B. B. (Date of publication). Title of article. Title of Online Periodical, volume number (issue number if available). Retrieved from http://www.someaddress.com/full/url/
Bernstein, M. (2002). 10 tips on writing the living Web. A list apart: For people who make websites, 149. Retrieved from http://www.alistapart.com/articles/writeliving
DOCUMENT FROM A WEB SITE
List as many of the following elements as are available: author’s name, publication date (or “n.d.” if there is no date), title (in italics), and URL. Give your retrieval date only if the content of the source is likely to change.
Source with date
Source with no date
Archer, D. (n.d.). Exploring nonverbal communication. Retrieved from http://nonverbal.ucsc.edu
© 2007 PRENTICE HALL INC. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
ANY QUESTIONS?
Any questions so far?