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How to study Korean

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#esson 2$ Korean %art&'(es 이)가

*(&'+ ,ere -or a Wor+.oo+ to /o a(on/ w&t, t,&s (esson

Ju to$

o'a.u(ary

Introdu't&on

있다$ To ,ae

있다$ To .e at)&n a (o'at&on

이)가 as a Su.6e't "ar+er

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*(&'+ ,ere -or a -ree %7! o- t,&s (esson

T,&s #esson &s a(so aa&(a.(e &n Esa8o( 9 :;

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창문 w&ndow

잡지 a/aF&ne

방 roo

냉장고 re-r&/erator

개 do/

가강아지 uy

고양이 'at

쥐 rat

펜 en

전화기 ,one

커피 'oee

식당 restaurant

건물 .u&(d&n/

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텔레비전 te(e&s&on

미 USA

!나다 *anada

"텔 ,ote(

#$ s',oo(

%& .an+

Ader.s

' &ns&de

( on to

) .e(ow

* .es&de

+ .e,&nd

, &n -ront

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-기 ,ere

er.s$

있다 to .e at a (o'at&on

Ad6e't&es$

있다 to ,ae soet,&n/

T,ere are 1050 o'a.u(ary entr&es &n Un&t 1 A(( entr&es are (&n+ed to an aud&o(e ou 'an down(oad a(( o- t,ese (es &n one a'+a/e ,ere

!or ,e( eor&F&n/ t,ese words9 try us&n/ our "er&se too(

Introdu't&on

In #esson 1 you (earned a.out s&(e Korean art&'(es To re&ew9 you (earned

t,at$

. or % are used to &nd&'ate t,e su.6e't Bor a&n erson)t,&n/D &n asenten'e

/ or 0 are used to &nd&'ate t,e o.6e't &n a senten'e

!or ea(e9 &n t,&s senten'e$ I ate a ,a.ur/erL

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IL &s t,e su.6e't o- t,e senten'e

Ha.ur/erL &s t,e o.6e't

EatL &s t,e er.

In t,&s #esson9 you w&(( (earn a.out t,e art&'(es 이)가 and se'&'a((y ,ow &t

'an 'oare w&t, .)% In a(( s&tuat&ons9 이 &s atta',ed to nouns &n w,&',

t,e (ast (etter &s a 'onsonant B(&+e %D and 가 &s atta',ed to nouns &n w,&',

t,e (ast (etter &s a owe( B(&+e .D !or ea(e$

1 ends &n a 'onsonant BㄱD9 so ”이 &s added$ 1이L

23 ends &n a owe( BㅏD9 so 가” &s added$ 가23 L

Mut9 &n w,at s&tuat&ons s,ou(d we use 이)가G Me-ore we /et to t,at9 I wou(d

(&+e to tea', you ,ow to use t,e word ”있다 &n senten'es #etCs /et started

있다$ To ,ae

T,e word ”있다 ,as any ean&n/s To a .e/&nner o- Korean9 we 'an s&(&-y

and /enera(&Fe t,ese ean&n/s &nto two -ors or usa/es$

있다 to ,ae

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있다 to .e at a (o'at&on

#etCs ta(+ a.out t,e rst usa/e9 to ,aeL In En/(&s,9 to ,aeL &s a er. t,at

'an a't on an o.6e't !or ea(e$

I ,ae a en

I ,ae a 'ar

T,&s usa/e o- 있다 &n Korean &s an ad6e't&e T,&s &s ,ard -or a (earner to wra

t,e&r ,ead around At t,&s o&nt9 t,&s &s &ortant to you -or one reason

ou (earned &n #esson 1 t,at senten'es w&t, ad6e't&es 'annot a't on an

o.6e't T,us9 you 'annot ,ae a word w&t, t,e art&'(e 0)/ atta',ed to &t &-

t,e red&'at&n/ word &n a senten'e &s an ad6e't&e B.e'ause 0)/ &nd&'ates

an o.6e't &n a senten'eD

I- t,&s werenCt t,e 'ase9 we 'ou(d do t,e -o((ow&n/$

I ,ae a en

I . en0 있다

나. 펜0 있다

나. 펜0 있다 I ,ae a en

Howeer9 t,e senten'e a.oe &s &n'orre't 있다 &s an ad6e't&e and 'annot a't

on an o.6e't (&+e t,&s T,ere-ore9 t,e use o- 0 on ”펜 &s &n'orre't To /et

around t,&s9 we 'an atta', 이)가 to t,e o.6e't &nstead o- 0)/ &n senten'es

w&t, 있다 T,&s &s one usa/e o- t,e art&'(e 이)가 t,at &s9 to &nd&'ate t,e t,&n/

t,at a erson ,asL &n senten'es w&t, 있다L #oo+ at t,e -o((ow&n/ ea(e

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senten'es$

나. 펜이 있다 I ,ae a en

B나. 펜이 있4 ) 5. 펜이 있46D

나. 가7 있다 I ,ae a 'ar

B나. 가7 있4 ) 5. 가7 있46D

나. 가잡지 있다 I ,ae a a/aF&ne

B나. 가잡지 있4 ) 5. 가잡지 있46D

나. 가방이 있다 I ,ae a .a'+a'+

B나. 가방이 있4 ) 5. 가방이 있46D

A/a&n9 note t,at 0)/ &s not used to &nd&'ate t,e o.6e't t,at a erson ,asL

Instead9 이)가 are used

ee.er t,at t,e ea(e senten'es ro&ded &n #essons 19 29 3 and 4 are

not 'on6u/ated W,&(e one)two -ors o- 'on6u/at&ons are ro&ded &n

arent,eses .e(ow ea', ea(e senten'e9 t,e /raar w&t,&n t,ese

'on6u/at&ons &s too 'o(&'ated -or you to understand r&/,t now !or now9

-o'us on w,at &s .e&n/ resented &n t,ese rst -our (essons .e-ore you start to

worry a.out 'on6u/at&n/ senten'es and us&n/ ,onor&'s

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있다$ To .e at a (o'at&on

있다 'an a(so .e used to &nd&'ate t,at soet,&n/)soeone &s at a (o'at&onL

In #esson 1 you (earned a.out t,e art&'(e 8 &n Korean ou (earned t,at t,&s

art&'(e &s used to &nd&'ate t,e (a'e and)or t&e o- soet,&n/ &n a senten'e

T,ere-ore9 ”8 &s o-ten used &n senten'es w&t, ”있다 to &nd&'ate t,e (o'at&ono- soet,&n/)soeone

!or ea(e$ I a at s',oo(

I- we wanted to wr&te t,&s senten'e w&t, Korean stru'ture and art&'(es9 we

wou(d wr&te$

I. s',oo(8 a at

나. #$8 있다

T,&s &s &rre(eant to you now9 .ut w,en 있다 &s used (&+e t,&s9 &t &s a/a&n seen

as an ad6e't&e T,&s &s 'on-us&n/9 .ut or now9 try to &/nore &t I .e/&n to

d&s'uss t,&s ore &n #esson 5 w,en I d&s'uss t,e 'on6u/at&ons o- 있다

나. #$8 있다 I a at s',oo(

B나. #$8 있4 ) 5. #$8 있46D

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or9

나. !나다8 있다 I a &n *anada

B나. !나다8 있4 ) 5. !나다8 있46D

Not&'e t,e ery .&/ d&eren'e &n ean&n/ .etween t,e -o((ow&n/ senten'es9

and t,e ro(e t,at art&'(es ,ae &n ea', 'ase Me'ause 있다 ,as two d&erent

ean&n/s9 ',an/&n/ t,e art&'(es &n a senten'e 'an drast&'a((y ',an/e t,e

ean&n/ !or ea(e$

나. 가#$ 있다 I ,ae a s',oo( P t,&s 'ou(d a+e sense9 .ut &n osts&tuat&ons9 you wou(d ro.a.(y want to say$


나. 가잡지 있다 I ,ae a a/aF&ne

나. 잡지8 있다 I a at t,e a/aF&ne Bt,&s doesnCt a+e senseD

We 'an a(so use os&t&on words to &nd&'ate se'&'a((y w,ere

soeone)soet,&n/ &s w&t, rese't to anot,er noun T,e ost 'oon

os&t&on words are$

' &ns&de

( on to

) .e(ow

* .es&de

+ .e,&nd

, &n -ront

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T,ese words are (a'ed a-ter a noun to &nd&'ate w,ere an o.6e't &s w&t,

rese't to t,at noun T,e art&'(e ”8 &s t,en atta',ed d&re't(y to t,e

os&t&on words !or ea(e$

#$ ,8 &n -ront o- t,e s',oo(

9: +8 .e,&nd t,e erson

; *8 .es&de t,e ,ouse

5 건물 +8 .e,&nd t,at .u&(d&n/

T,ese 'onstru't&ons 'an now a't as t,e (o'at&on &n a senten'e$


나. #$ ,8 있다 I a &nQ-ront o- t,e s',oo(

B나. #$ ,8 있4 ) 5. #$ ,8 있46D

#etCs a+e soe senten'es$

나. #$ +8 있다 I a .e,&nd t,e s',oo(

B나. #$ +8 있4 ) 5. #$ +8 있46D

나. #$ *8 있다 I a .es&de t,e s',oo(

B나. #$ *8 있4 ) 5. #$ *8 있46D

나. %& '8 있다 I a &ns&de t,e .an+

B나. %& '8 있4 ) 5. %& '8 있46D

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개. ; '8 있다 T,e do/ &s &n t,e ,ouse

B개. ; '8 있4 ) 개. ; '8 있46D

고양이.

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In add&t&on to t,&s9 t,ere are ore -un't&ons o- 이)가 t,at you s,ou(d +now

a.out

In #esson 19 you (earned t,at you s,ou(d add .)% to t,e su.6e't o- t,e

senten'e To use an ea(e us&n/ t,e /raar tau/,t ear(&er &n t,&s #esson9

you 'ou(d say$

고양이. ; +8 있다 T,e 'at &s .e,&nd t,e ,ouse

B고양이. ; +8 있4 ) 고양이. ; +8 있46D

In t,&s senten'e9 not&'e t,at t,e art&'(e .)% &nd&'ates t,at t,e 'atL &s t,e

su.6e't

Howeer t,e senten'e a.oe 'ou(d a(so .e wr&tten (&+e t,&s$

가고양이 ; +8 있다 T,e 'at &s .e,&nd t,e ,ouse

B 가고양이 ; +8 있4 ) 가고양이 ; +8 있46D

T,e two senten'es 'ou(d ,ae ea't(y t,e sae ean&n/ and -ee(&n/ I

e,as&Fe 'ou(dL .e'ause &n soe s&tuat&ons t,e ean&n/ o- t,e two

senten'es &s ea't(y t,e sae9 .ut &n ot,er s&tuat&ons t,e ean&n/ o- two

senten'es 'an .e su.t(y d&erent

T,e reason w,y t,ey 'ou(d .e &dent&'a($



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이)가9 (&+e .)% &s added to t,e su.6e't o- t,e senten'e In soe s&tuat&ons9

t,ere &s no d&eren'e &n ean&n/ or -ee( .etween add&n/ 이)가 or .)% to

t,e su.6e't

T,e reason w,y t,ey 'ou(d .e su.t(y d&erent$

.)% ,as a ro(e o- &nd&'at&n/ t,at soet,&n/ &s .e&n/ 'oared w&t,

soet,&n/ e(se T,e noun t,at .) ”% &s added to &s .e&n/ 'oared In t,&s

ea(e$


T,e sea+er &s say&n/ t,at t,e 'at &s .e,&nd t,e ,ouse B&n 'oar&son to

soet,&n/ e(se t,at &s not .e,&nd t,e ,ouseD T,e d&R'u(ty ,ere &s t,at t,ere

&s on(y one senten'e w,&', /&es t,e (&stener no 'ontet to understand w,at

t,e 'atL &s .e&n/ 'oared w&t, Howeer9 &- I were to a+e u a 'ontet

t,at ts &nto t,&s s&tuat&on9 &t 'ou(d .e t,at T,e do/ &s &n t,e ,ouse9 and9 t,e

'at &s .e,&nd t,e ,ouseL

Howeer9 say&n/$


&s s&(y stat&n/ a -a't9 and t,e 'atL &s not .e&n/ 'oared to anyt,&n/

Anot,er ea(e$

가커피 냉장고8 있다 T,e 'oee &s &n t,e -r&d/e BT,&s senten'e &s s&(y

stat&n/ t,at t,e 'oee &s &n t,e -r&d/e9 and t,ere &s no &ntent&on o-

'oar&sonD

커피. 냉장고8 있다 T,e 'oee &s &n t,e -r&d/e BT,&s senten'e 'ou(d s&(y

.e stat&n/ t,at t,e 'oee &s &n t,e -r&d/e It &s a(so oss&.(e t,at t,e sea+er &s

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try&n/ to d&st&n/u&s, .etween t,e (o'at&on o- anot,er o.6e't !or ea(e9

er,as t,e tea &s on t,e ta.(e9 .ut t,e 'oee &s &n t,e -r&d/eD

Q

ou a(so &/,t .e wonder&n/ w,y ”' &snCt used &- we are &nd&'at&n/ t,at t,e

'oee &s &n t,e -r&d/e In 'ases (&+e t,&s9 w,ere t,e (o'at&on .e&n/ des'r&.ed

,aens to .e &ns&deL o- soet,&n/9 ”' 'an .e o&tted ou 'an see t,e

s&&(ar&t&es o- us&n/ ”' and not us&n/ &t &n t,e -o((ow&n/ En/(&s, and Korean

senten'es$

가커피 냉장고8 있다 T,e 'oee &s &n t,e -r&d/e

가커피 냉장고 '8 있다 T,e 'oee &s &ns&de t,e -r&d/e

Q

In .ot, a&rs o- ea(es Bus&n/ .)% or 이)가D9 t,e trans(at&on does not

',an/e .y a(ter&n/ t,e su.6e't art&'(e at,er9 t,e on(y t,&n/ t,at ',an/es &s

t,e su.t(e -ee(&n/ or nuan'e t,at soet,&n/ &s .e&n/ 'oared

Note t,at t,&s 'oarat&eL -un't&on o- .)% 'an .e used &n u', ore

'o(&'ated senten'es9 and 'an .e atta',ed to ot,er /raat&'a( r&n'&(es

P ne&t,er o- w,&', you ,ae (earned yet In -uture (essons9 not on(y w&(( you

see ea(es o- &n'reas&n/ 'o(e&ty a(y&n/ t,&s 'on'et9 .ut &ts usa/e

w&t, ot,er /raat&'a( r&n'&(es w&(( .e &ntrodu'ed se'&'a((y ou need to

ree.er t,at t,e ea(e senten'es /&en at t,&s (ee( are &n'red&.(y

s&(e and do not rea((y ree't a'tua( senten'es t,at you are (&+e(y to ,ear as

oneQo senten'es -ro Korean eo(e ea( see', &s u', ore 'o(e

and &t usua((y &s an &ntr&'ate 'o.&nat&on o- any '(auses and /raat&'a(

r&n'&(es

Our (essons donCt rea((y /et &nto t,e use o- u(t&(e '(auses unt&( #esson 24

*reat&n/ senten'es w&t, ore t,an one '(ause oens an ent&re ot,er 'an o-

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wors t,at you donCt ,ae t,e too(s to dea( w&t, yet I en'oura/e you to NOT

read a,ead to t,at (esson at,er9 I en'oura/e you to +ee t,e &n-orat&on

-ro t,&s (esson &n &nd as you eentua((y do rea', t,at (ee(

As you ro/ress t,rou/, our #essons9 you w&(( see .ot, .) ”% and 이)가”

used as t,e su.6e't art&'(es &n t,e t,ousands o- ea(e senten'es we ,ae

ro&ded As a(ost a(( o- our ea(e senten'es are 6ust wr&tten as one

senten'e Bw&t,out any .a'+/round9 r&or 'ontet9 or e(anat&on o- t,e

s&tuat&onD9 t,ere &s no way to te(( &- soet,&n/ &s .e&n/ 'oared to P and t,us

P t,e&r usa/e &s usua((y ar.&trary T,at .e&n/ sa&d P eery Korean ea(e

senten'e t,rou/,out a(( o- our (essons &s a(ways ',e'+ed .y a nat&e Korean

sea+er to a+e sure t,at not,&n/ &s aw+ward Bor &n'orre'tD

In add&t&on to t,e d&st&n't&on d&s'ussed &n t,&s (esson9 t,ere are ot,er

s&tuat&ons w,ere &t &/,t .e ore aror&ate to use 이)가 or %).

Howeer9 I a not a.(e to -u((y des'r&.e t,e d&st&n't&on .etween t,ese two

art&'(es w&t, t,e (&&ted aount o- /raar Band o'a.u(aryD

understand&n/ you ,ae to t,&s o&nt T,e urose o- t,&s (esson &s to /&e

you a /enera( understand&n/ o- 이)가9 and to &ntrodu'e you to t,e

'oar&son .etween .)%

At t,&s o&nt9 I wou(d (&+e you to 'ont&nue to #esson 3 to 'ont&nue (earn&n/ot,er /raat&'a( r&n'&(es you need to deeen your understand&n/ o-

Korean &n /enera(

In #essons 1V and 229 we w&(( 'oe .a'+ to t,&s ro.(e and d&e &nto ore

ways we 'an d&st&n/u&s, t,e -un't&ons o- 이)가 and .)% I want to stress

t,at I do not want you to read t,ese now9 .ut you s,ou(d +now t,at t,ere &s

ore to d&st&n/u&s,&n/ .)% and 이)가 t,an &s des'r&.ed ,ere

I- you ,aenCt rea',ed #esson 1V Band ese'&a((y &- you ,aenCt een oed

on to #esson 3D you wonCt understand w,at &s .e&n/ des'r&.ed &n t,at (esson

Me&n/ a.(e to -u((y understand t,e d&eren'e .etween 이)가 and .)% &s

&ortant9 .ut not as &ortant Bat t,e oentD as understand&n/ ot,er

ase'ts o- Korean /raar I 'anCt stress t,&s enou/, P your understand&n/

o- t,e d&eren'e .etween t,e two w&(( ro/ress w&t, your Korean

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dee(oent &n /enera(

T,e /ood t,&n/ &s9 een &- you a+e a &sta+e w&t, t,e usa/es o- 이)가 and

.)% Be&t,er .e'ause you are 'on-used or .e'ause you ,aenCt rea',ed t,e

(ater (essons yetD9 X o- t,e t&e9 t,e (&stener w&(( .e a.(e to understand

ea't(y w,at you are try&n/ to eress #&+ew&se9 &- you (&sten to soe.ody

sea+&n/9 you w&(( .e a.(e to understand w,at t,ey are try&n/ to say

re/ard(ess o- &- you ,ae (earned t,e ore 'o(e usa/es o- 이)가 and .)

% T,e d&eren'e .etween t,ese two art&'(es &s a.out nuan'e and does not

draat&'a((y ',an/e t,e ean&n/ o- senten'e

"a+&n/ a &sta+e .etween ot,er art&'(es9 ,oweer9 wou(d 'ause ot,er

eo(e to &sunderstand you !or ea(e9 us&n/ /)0 &nstead o- .)% wou(d Bost (&+e(yD a+e your senten'e &n'ore,ens&.(e

T,atCs &t -or t,&s (esson %(ease +ee a(( o- t,&s &n-orat&on &n your &nd -or

-uture (esson We w&(( 'ont&nue t,&s d&s'uss&on &n #esson 1V

!or now9 (ease 'ont&nue to #esson 3

*(&'+ ,ere -or a wor+.oo+ to /o a(on/ w&t, t,&s (esson

T,ere are 1250 ea(e senten'es &n Un&t 1 A(( entr&es are (&n+ed to an aud&o

(e ou 'an down(oad a(( o- t,ese (es &n one a'+a/e ,ere

I- you ,ae any Yuest&ons or 'oents9 -ee( -ree to a+e a ost on our

!oruZ

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How to study Korean [ 201\ A(( &/,ts esered ] %r&a'y %o(&'y ] *onta'tUs ]

%owered .y Word%ress 7es&/ned .y Woo T,ees

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