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uAsmu@
a&SUodkYvSrf;csD ndKarmif 1
Nidrf;csrf;wJhol csKdcsKd 3
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trsKd;orD;rsm; Nidrf;csrf;a&;ESihfvHkNcHKa&; a'gufwm0g0garmif 4
ukrÜPDtGefvdkif; rSwfyHkwifpepf (Myanmar Companies Online-MyCO)odkYr[kwf jrefrmjynf\ yxrqHk;tGefvdkif;rSwfyHkwifpepf
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o½kyfazmfpm&if;tif;ynm\ pGrf;yum; OD;xGef;xGef;0if; 19
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tmqD,HESihf udk&D;,m;or®wEdkifiH\ yl;aygif;aqmif&GufrIudk jr§ihfwif Edkifrnfh New Southern Policy-NSP
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b0taxGaxG (10)ausmf'Gef;
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aumrwfpf*sme,fyHkESdyfwdkuf (NrJ-09744)
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1
à ndKarmif
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qDvl;wefvl;oHacs;txyfxyf wufaewJh
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a&SUtem*wfc&D;&JU a&mifjcnfudkapmifh&if;
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ordkif;opfwpfck&JU u@opfwpfcka&SUqufEdkifzdkY
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tpdk;&ESifh jynfol
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2
rmeawGrvSpf? yom'awGopf yumoeawGypfvdkY? obm0udkcspfaomol/
[dwf[efrvkyf? pdwftrSefrykyfbJ wdwfwdwfaeum? qdwfjidrfjcif;udkjrwfedk;ol/
rmefapmifrjyif;? oHa,mifuif;vdkY &efaxmifjcif;ESifh? [efaqmifjcif;vnf;r&Sdol/
pdwfxm;jzLpif? MunfvifrsufESm csKdomtajym? oabmjrifhjrwf
cGifhvTwfonf;cHwwfaomol/
odtyfwwf&m? oifumjyo axmufqESvkH;? yDwdzkH;vsuf
NyHK;NyHK;NyHK;NyHK;aewwfol/
awGYqkHcifrif? uRrf;0ifolrsm; tm;vkH;Mum;rSm? trkef;w&m;y,f
tNyHK;rsm;vS,fvdkY? ESvkH;om;tvSjc,fool/
Nidrf;csrf;wJhol
à csKdcsKd
3
urÇmay:wGif trsKd;orD;rsm;\ tcef;u@udk jr§ifhwiftm;ay;onfh tpD
tpOfrsm;udk 1990 ckESpfaemufydkif; vlom;zGHYNzdK;rI ñTef;udef; (Human Development
Index) wGufcsufvmMujyD; vlom;zGHYNzdK;rI tpD&ifcHpm (Human Development
Report) rsm; xGufay:vmcJhonfh aemufydkif;tcsdefrSpí aqmif&GufvmcJhMuonf/
2000 ckESpfaemufydkif; axmifpkeSpf yef;wdkifrsm;udk jzwfausmfí pOfqufrjywf
zGHYNzdK;rIyef;wdkifrsm;qDodkY a&GUvsm;vmonfESihftrQ ]]trsKd;orD;rsm;? Nidrf;csrf;a&;
ESihf vHkHNcHKa&;}} \ acgif;pOftm; ydkrdkaqG;aEG;vmcJhMuonf/
Nidrf;csrf;a&;ESifh vHkNcHKa&;udpö&yfrsm;wGif trsKd;orD;rsm;\ tcef;u@ynm&Sifwdk Y\ okawoejyKcsufrsm;t& y#dyu©ajz&Sif;rI (Conflict
Resolve) ESihf Nidrf;csrf;a&;wnfaqmuf&mwGif trsKd;orD;rsm;\yg0ifrI tcef;u@
rSm tvGefta&;MuD;jyD; xm0&Nidrf;csrf;a&;udk azmfaqmifEdkif&efrSm trsKd;orD;rsm;\
OD;aqmifrI vdktyfvmum qkH;jzwfcsufrsm; csrSwfonfh tqifhwdkif;wGif trsKd;orD;
rsm; yg0ifvmap&ef vdktyfvmonf[kqdkonf/ tqdkyg oabmw&m;tm; ukv
or*¾\ qkH;jzwfcsuftrSwf UN Resolution 1325 (2000) wGif azmfjyyg&SdNyD; Oa&my?
tm&S? tmz&du a'orsm;tvdkuf taumiftxnfazmfaqmifvsuf&SdMuonf/
4
y#dyu©rsm; jzpfyGm;pOftcsdefumvrsm;wGif
trsm;tm;jzifh xdcdkufcHpm;&olrsm;onf trsKd;orD;rsm;?
uav;i,frsm;ESihf oufMuD;&G,ftdkrsm;yifjzpfonf/
rdom;pk0ifrsm;\ pm;? 0wf? aea&; tcuftcJrsm;tm;
trsKd;orD;rsm;taejzifh vufawGY&ifqdkifajz&Sif;BuHKawGY
Mu&onf/ tqdkygtcuftcJrsm;udk xyfrHray:ayguf
apa&;twGuf trsKd;orD;rsm;taejzifh ydkrdkí uwd
u0wf&Sdolrsm; jzpfMuonf/ odkYjzpfygí y#dyu©rsm;
rjzpfyGm;ap&ef wm;qD; umuG,fa&;ESihf y#dyu© jzpfyGm;
NyD;onfh a'orsm;\ jyefvnfxlaxmifa&; udpö&yfrsm;
tygt0if Nidrf;csrf;a&; vkyfief;pOfrsm;ü trsKd;orD;rsm;
yg0ifvma&; ponfhNidrf;csrf;a&; ESihf vHkNcHKa&;udpö&yfrsm;
wGif trsKd;orD;rsm; yg0ifvmap&ef vdktyfvmcJhygonf/
vHkNcHKa&;( Security) \ t"dyÜm,f ajymif;vJvmjcif; acwfpepfESihftawG;tac:rsm; ajymif;vJvm
onfESihftrQ vHkNcHKa&;qdkif&m t,l tqrsm;onfvnf;
ajymif;vJvmcJhjyDjzpfonf/ vHkNcHKa&; (Security) [k
qdk&mwGif umuG,fa&; udpöwpf&yfwnf;omr[kwfbJ
orm;½dk;us vHkNcHKa&; (Traditional Security) t"dyÜm,f
xuf ydkrdkausmfvGef pOf;pm;vmMuNyDjzpfonf/ ordkif;
aMumif;t& qef;ppfMunfhvQif ppfat;umvu trsKd;
om;vHkNcHKa&; (National Security) udk OD;pm;ay;cJhMu
NyD;? ppfat;vGefumvwGif vlYtzGJYtpnf;qdkif&m vHkNcHK
a&; ( Societal Security) udk OD;pm;ay;vmaMumif;
awGY&Sd&onf/ EdkifiHawmf\ vHkNcHKa&; (State Security)
udkumuG,f apmifha&Smufrnf[lonfhumvu ppfa&;
enf;vrf;udk tm;jyKcJhonfESihftnD vHkNcHK&ef ppfa&;tif
tm;BuD;xGm;rIjzifh umuG,fcJhMuaomfvnf; vlY tzGJU
tpnf;qdkif&m vHkNcHKa&; ( Societal Security) udk pOf;pm;
vm&mwGif ppfa&;? EdkifiHa&;? pD;yGm;a&;? vlrIa&; ponfh
enf;vrf;rsm;jzifh aqmif&GufrS vHkNcHKrI&SdEdkifonf[k pOf;
pm;vmMuonf/
xdkYaMumifh vHkNcHKa&;t,ltqonf ppfa&;
tjrifudk tajccHaom orm;½dk;us vHkNcHKa&;t,ltq
(Traditional Security Concept) rS ½IaxmifhtpkHjzifh
tjrifudk tajccHaom orm;½dk;us r[kwfonfhvHkNcHKa&;
t,ltq (Non-Traditional Security Concept) odkY ul;
ajymif;vmcJhonf/ xdkYaMumifh tqdkyg vHkNcHKa&;t,ltq
wGif ppfa&;vHkNcHKrI ( Military Security)? EdkifiHa&; vHkNcHK
rI(Political Security)? pD;yGm;a&;vHkNcHKrI (Economic
Security) ? vlrItzGJUtpnf;vHkNcHKrI(Social Security) ESihf
obm0ywf0ef;usifvHkNcHKrI (Environmental Security)
txdus,fjyef YpGm yg0ifvmaMumif; awGY&S d&onf/
þodkYjzifh vHkNcHKa&;t,ltq ajymif;vJrIonf odom
xif&Sm;pGm ajymif;vJvmonf/ ,cifu e,fedrdwfvHkNcHKrI
udk Ncdrf;ajcmufjcif;rSonf ,aeYwGif vlxkvHkNcHKrIudk
jcdrf;ajcmufjcif; (From Stressing Territorial Security
to Stressing People's Security) odkY ajymif;vJvmcJhonf/
wpfenf;tm;jzif hqd kaomf vlom;vHkNcHKrI(Human
Security) udk OD;pm;ay;aom vlom;zGHYNzdK; rI (Human
Development) udk OD;wnftaumiftxnfazmfvm
aMumif; awGY&Sd&onf/ bufpkHtjrifjzifh ½IaxmifhpkHrS
Munfhaom orm;½dk;usr[kwfonfh vHkNcHKa&;t,ltq\
awG;ac:aqmif&Gufcsufrsm;rSm ydkrdkus,fjyefYNyD; euf½Idif;
vmcJhNyDjzpfonf/
vkyfomudkifom&SdonfU0ef;usifwpf&yfxlaxmifa&; trsKd;orD;rsm;? Nidrf;csrf;a&;ESihf vHkNcHKa&;
acgif;pOfwGif yg0ifvm&efrSm trsKd;orD;rsm;&ifqdkif&
5
twJG(5)? trSwf-4
pDrĤ zGHUNzdK;*sme,f
onfh oufarG;0rf;ausmif;ynm? tvkyftudkif? obm0
ab;tEÅ&m,fqdkif&m A[kokw? trsKd;orD;rsm;? uav;
oli,frsm;tm; tMurf;zufjcif; udpö&yfrsm;tygt0if
tqdkyg e,fy,frsm;ü uRrf;usifrIESihf A[kokw&Sdap
a&;wdkYtwGuf todynmrsm;jr§ifhwifay;&ef? vdktyf
onfh aiGaMu; t&if;tESD;rsm;? oGif;tm;pkrsm; pdkufxkwf
ay;&efvdktyfygonf/ pdefac:rIrsm;tm; &ifqdkifausmf
vTm;Edkifap&ef trsKd;orD;rsm;\ pdwf"mwfydkif; qdkif&m
ESih f pGrf;yum;wdk;wufa&;twGuf acgif;aqmifrI
(Women Leadership Work) wGif pGrf;&nfxlaxmifrIESihf
zGHYNzdK;rIudpö&yfrsm; aqmif&Gufay;&ef vdktyfygonf/
EdkifiHtwGif;wGif trsKd;orD;rsm;? Nidrf;csrf;a&;ESihf vHkNcHK
a&;jr§ifhwifrIqdkif&mvkyfief;rsm; aqmif&GufEdkifa&;
twGuf vkyfomudkifom&Sdonfh 0ef;usifwpf&yf (Enab-
ling Environment) xlaxmif&ef vdktyfygonf/
tusKd;oufqdkifol (Stakeholder) rsm;tm;vHk; tjynfU
t0 yl;aygif;yg0ifa&; trsKd;orD;rsm;taeESihf Nidrf;csrf;a&;ESihf vHkNcHK
a&;jr§ifhwifrIqdkif&m udpö&yfrsm;aqmif&Guf&mwGif
tusKd;oufqdkifol (Stakeholder) rsm; tm;vHk; tjynfh
t0 yl;aygif; yg0ifaqmif&Guf&ef vdktyfygonf/ trsKd;
orD;rsm;ESihf qufpyfí tzGJUtpnf;rsm;? tcGifhtvrf;
rsm;yGifhvef;ae&ef vdktyfonf/ trsKd;orD;rsm; vkyfydkif
cGifh&&Sda&;? tcGifhtvrf; &&Sda&;rSm rdom;pk0if rsm;ESihf
yif yg0ifywfoufaeNyD jzpfygonf/ trsKd;orD;rsm;
taeESihf Nidrf;csrf;a&;ESihf vHkNcHKa&; jr§ifhwifrIqdkif&m udpö
&yfrsm;wGif yg0ifvma&;twGuf EdkifiHawmf tpdk;&rS
rl0g'qdkif&m axmufcHtm;ay;rIrsm; aqmif&Gufa&; vdk
tyfonfh pBuø( Platform) rsm; zefwD;ay;a&;? oufqdkif
onfh Oya'ESih f pnf;rsOf;pnf;urf;rsm; xkwfjyef
ay;Edkifa&;wdkY vdktyfrnf jzpfygonf/ tvm;wlyif
tjynfjynfqdkif&m t&yfzuf vlrItzGJ Ytpnf;rsm;?
tjynfjynf qdkif&m tzGJYtpnf;rsm;? tpdk;&r[kwfonfh
tzGJUtpnf;rsm;rSvnf; yl;aygif; aqmif&Guf&ef vdktyf
onf/
oifwef;ay;jcif;ESihf pGrf;aqmif&nfjr§ifhwifjcif;trsKd;orD;rsm;onf Nidrf;csrf;a&;ESihf vHkNcHKa&;
jr§ifhwifrIqdkif&m jr§ifhwifEdkifa&;twGuf vdktyfonfh
ynma&;? oifwef;ay;jcif;ESihf pGrf;aqmif&nfjr§ifhwif
jcif;(Education, Training and Capacity Building) rsm;
tm; ESpf&SnftpDtpOf(Multiple Year Programmes)
wGif xnfhoGif;aqmif&GufEdkif&ef vdktyfygonf/
trsKd;orD;rsm;onf Nidrf;csrf;a&;ESihf vHkNcHKa&;
jr§ifhwifrIqdkif&m jr§ifhwifEdkifa&; (Operationalization
of WPS)vkyfief;pOfrsm;tm; trsKd;om;pDrHudef; ( Na-
tional Plan) ESihf vdkufavsmnDaxGpGm csdwfqufaqmif&Guf
&ef vdktyfygonf/ y#dyu©rsm; rjzpfyGm;ap&ef wm;qD;
umuG,frIESihf y#dyu©jzpfyGm;NyD;onfh a'orsm;\ jyef
vnfxlaxmifa&;udpö&yfrsm;tygt0if Nidrf;csrf;a&;
vkyfief;pOfrsm;ü trsKd;orD;rsm; yg0ifvma&; ponfh
Nidrf;csrf; a&;ESihf vHkNcHKa&; udpö&yfrsm;wGif trsKd;orD;rsm;
yg0ifvmap&ef vdktyfygonf/
trsKd;orD;rsm;onf Nidrf;csrf;a&;ESihf vHkNcHKa&;
jr§ifhwifrIqdkif&m vkyfief;pOfrsm;tm; rnfuJhodkY vkyfief;
rsm;aqmif&Guf&ef? rnfolESihf yl;aygif;aqmif&Guf&ef
vdktyfaMumif;wdkYudk pOf;pm;aqmif&Guf&ef? y#dyu©rsm;
rjzpfyGm;ap&ef rnfodkYBudK;yrf;aqmif&Guf&rnfudk BudK
wifjyifqifoifhygonf/
a'oqdkif&m yl;aygif;aqmif&GufrIrsm; trsKd;orD;rsm; Nidrf;csrf;a&;ESihf vHkNcHKa&;udpö
&yfrsm;wGif ydkrdkyl;aygif;aqmif&Guf&eftwGuf tmqD,H
trsKd;orD;rsm;twGuf Nidrf;csrf;a&;rSwfykHwif pm&if;
wnfaxmifjcif;qdkif&m aqG;aEG;yGJtm; usif;ycJhyg
onf/ tqdkyg Symposium \ Theme rSm ''Opera-
tionalizing the Joint Statement on Promoting
Women Peace and Security in ASEAN '' jzpfonf/
zdvpfydkifEdkifiHwGif (13- 12-2018) &ufaeYrS (14-
12-2018) &ufaeYtxd usif;ycJhNyD; tqdkyg aqG;aEG;yGJ
odkY jynfolUvTwfawmfrS jynfolYvTwfawmf udk,fpm;vS,f
6
2018 ckESpf? atmufwdkbm-Edk0ifbm-'DZifbm
pDrĤ zGHUNzdK;*sme,f
a':Zifrmatmif acgif;aqmifjyD; pDrHudef;ESihfb@ma&;
0efMuD;Xme? A[dkpm&if;tif;tzGJUrS ñTefMum;a&;rSL;csKyf
a'gufwma':0g0garmif? vlrI0efxrf;? u,fq,fa&;
ESihf jyefvnfae&mcsxm;a&;0efBuD;Xme? vlrI0efxrf;
OD;pD;XmerS ñTefMum;a&;rSL;csKyf a'gufwmpef;pef;at;ESihf
EdkifiHjcm;a&;0efBuD;Xme? tmqD,Ha&;&mOD;pD;XmerS
'kwd,ñTefMum;a&;rSL;csKyf a':cifpE´mwdkYtzGJY0iftjzpf
wufa&mufcJhMuygonf/
tpDtpOft& 2017 ckESpf Edk0ifbmvwGif
zdvpfydkifEdkifiH? reDvmNrdKUü aMunmcJhonfh tmqD,Hyl;wGJ
aMunmcsuft& vufawGYtaumiftxnfazmfaqmif
&e f Symposium on the Establishment of ASEAN
Women for Peace Registry tm; usif;yí tmqD,H
a'otwGuf Women for Peace Registry udk pwif
rdwfqufjcif; tcrf;tem;udk aqmif&GufcJh&m tmqD,H
EdkifiH toD;oD;rS tqdkjyKwifoGif;vmonfh ASEAN
Women for Peace Registry pm&if;rSm atmufygtwdkif;
jzpfygonf/
tqdkyg aqG;aEG;yGJwGif atmufygtaMumif;
t&mwdkYtm; t"du aqG;aEG;cJhygonf-
- vlYtcGifhta&; (Human Rights) tumtuG,fay;
a&;ESihf jynfwGif;wGif usm;^ r wef;wlnDrsSrI &Sdap
a&;qdkif&m ? trsKd;orD;pGrf;yum; wdk;wufapa&;
zGHYNzdK;rItpDtpOfrsm; (Gender Equality Develop-
ment Plan ) tm; yl;wGJ taumiftxnf azmfaqmif
&Guf&ef?
- ASEAN Women Registry vkyfief;wm0efrsm; (ToR)
rsm;udk tmqD,H0daoovu©Pm&yfrsm; (ASEAN
Characteristics) ESih ftnD vd kufavsmnDaxG
rI&Sdap&ef owfrSwfaqmif&Guf&ef?
- vkyfief;rsm;aqmif&Guf&mwGif a&&SnftusKd;jzpfxGef;
rI&Sdatmif tawGYtBuHKrsm;tm; zvS,fEdkifap&ef
ASEAN Women Registry rsm;\ uGef&ufcsdwfqufrI
tm;aumif;ap&ef?
- trsKd;orD;rsm;twGufomru trsKd; om;rsm;twGuf
yg pdwfydkif;qdkif&m tm;ay;jr§ifhwifjcif; 0efaqmifrI
rsm; (Psychological Services) rsm;ay;&ef?
- trsKd;orD;rsm;onf Nidrf;csrf;a&;ESihf vHkNcHKa&;jr§ifh
wifrIqdkif&mudpö&yfrsm; aqmif&Guf&mwGif ASEAN
Women Registry rsm;u EdkifiHtwGif;wGif qufvuf
jyefYyGm;atmif aqmif&GufEdkifa&;twGuf Training
of the Registries tm; Training for Trainers
twGuf avhusifhoifwef;ay;&ef?
- usm;^r wef;wlnDrQrI&Sdapa&;twGuf Oya'rsm;
jy|mef;aqmif&Guf&mwGif Gender Equality ESih f
pyfvsOf;onfh Oya'jy|mef;Edkifa&;ponfjzifh EdkifiH
tajctaeESihf vdkufavsmnDaxGrI&SdpGm aqmif&Guf
&ef?
- trsKd;orD;rsm;onf Nidrf;csrf;a&;ESih f vHkNcHKa&;
jr§ifhwifrIqdkif&mudpö&yfrsm; aqmif&Guf&mwGif
trsKd;orD;rsm;omru trsKd;om;rsm;a&m? vli,f
rsm;yg yg0ifaqmif&Guf&ef?
- zdvpfydkifEdkifiHwGif vlom;vHkNcHKa&; rl0g' (Human
Security Policy) ? trsKd;om; vHkNcHKa&; rl0g' (Na-
tional Security Policy) rsm;tm; csrSwftaumif
txnfazmf aqmif&Guf&ef?
- AD,uferfEdkifiHwGif usm;^ r wef;wl nDrQrI&Sdapa&;
vkyfief;udpö&yfay:ü tpdk;& aiGvHk;aiG&if; tokH;
p&dwf taejzifh 5 &mcdkifEIef; okH;pGJvsuf&SdygaMumif;
udk AD,uferfEdkifiHudk,fpm;vS,frS tpnf;ta0;
wGif wifjycJhygaMumif; ponfwdkYudk t"duxm;
aqG;aEG;Muygonf/
Nidrf;csrf;a&; vkyfief;pOfrsm; y#dyu©ajz&Sif;a&;
udpö&yfrsm;wGif trsKd;orD;rsm; yg0ifa&;udk wGef;tm;
ay; aqmif&GufEdkif&ef todynmay; aqmif&Gufjcif;rsm;
EdkifiHwGif;&Sd a'orsm;wGif aqmif&GufEdkif&ef txl;vdktyf
ygonf/ tmqD,Ha'owGif; Nidrf;csrf;a&; vkyfief;pOf
rsm; aqmif&Gufaeaom trsKd;orD;rsm;udk pkpnf;jyD;
pepfwusrSwfykHwif pm&if;oGif;jcif;udk xlaxmif&ef
qkH;jzwfcJhMuonfhtwdkif; Joint Statement on Pro-
7
twJG(5)? trSwf-4
pDrĤ zGHUNzdK;*sme,f
moting Women, Peace and Security in ASEAN udk
rnfodkY taumiftxnfazmfaqmif&Gufaejcif; jzpfyg
onf/
jrefrmEdkifiHrS qufvuf taumiftxnfazmfaqmif
Edkifyg&ef rdrdwdkYEdkifiHtaejzifh jrefrmEdkifiHvHk;qdkif&m
trsKd;orD;a&;&maumfrwD (Myanmar National Com-
mittee for Women’s Affairs- MNCWA) tm; zGJ Ypnf;
aqmif&Gufvsuf&Sdygonf/ tqdkyg aumfrwD\ OD;
aqmifrIatmufwGif Women Peace and Security (WPS)
onf Technical Working Group (TWG) (4) ck teufrS
(1) ck yg0ifvsuf&Sd&m trsKd;orD;rsm;onf Nidrf;csrf;
a&;ESihf vHkNcHKa&;jr§ifhwifrIqdkif&mudpö&yfrsm; (WPS-
TWG) udk tajccHxm;aom oufqdkif&m Xmeqdkif&m
rsm;? trsK d;orD;tzGJ Yrsm;udk ac:,lum aqG;aEG;yG J
&v'frsm;udk &Sif;vif;jcif;? oufqdkif&m a'otajctae
rsm;udk aqG;aEG;apjcif;? National Action Plan on WPS
udk a&;qGJí jrefrmEdkifiH\ trsKd;om;tqihf pDrHudef;jzpf
onf h Myanmar Sustainable Development Plan
(MSDP) \ yef;wdkif (1) ESihf aygif;pyfcsdwfquf aqmif
&Guf&ef MudK;yrf;oifhygonf/
tmqD,HtrsKd;orD;rsm;twGuf Nidrf;csrf;a&;
rSwfykHwifpm&if;wGif Nidrf;csrf;a&; vkyfief;pOfrsm;udk
xJxJ0if0if aqmif&Gufaeolrsm;xJrS usm;^ra&;&m
uRrf;usifolrsm;udk vnf; qufvufpnf;½kH; aqmif&Guf
&ef vdktyfygonf/ atmufajctxd qufvufjyefYyGm;Edkif
a&;twGuf aqmif&Guf&ygrnf/
y#dyu©jzpfaeqJumvESihf jzpfNyD;umvwdkY
twGif; vlom;csif; pmemaxmufxm;jcif;ESihf tul
tnDtygt0if jyefvnfxlaxmifa&;u@rsm;txd
usm;^r wef;wlnDrQrIa&;&mu@rsm;udk xnfhoGif;
pOf;pm;ay;rnfhtjyif trsKd;orD;rsm;udk,fwdkif tqdkyg
vkyfief;rsm; aqmif&Guf&mü qkH;jzwfcsufcsonfh u@
rsm;wGif yg0ifaqmif&Guf&ef vdktyfvsuf &Sdygonf/
rdrdwdk YEd kifiHtaejzif h tjcm;Ed kifiHrsm;wGif
aqmif&Gufaeonfh Nidrf;csrf;a&;vkyfief;pOfrsm;wGif
trsKd;orD;rsm; xda&mufpGm yg0ifaqmif&Gufaeonfh
udpö&yfrsm;tm; avhvmí vkyfxkH;vkyfenf; ,EÅ&m;rsm;
ESihf vkyfomudkifom&Sdonfh 0ef;usifwpf&yf jzpfay:ap
&ef aqmif&GufaerIrsm;tm; od&SdcJhjcif;jzifh rdrdwdkYEdkifiHwGif
Women Peace and Security ESihf zGHYNzdK;rIvkyfief;pOfrsm;
csdwfqufaqmif&GufEdkifjcif;? jynfwGif;jynfy y#dyu©
rsm;tm; udkifwG,f ajz&Sif;&ef enf;vrf;rsm; avhvm
odjrifEdkifjcif;? Nidrf;csrf;a&; vkyfief;pOfrsm;ü trsKd;
orD;rsm; yg0ifaqmif&Gufjcif;jzifh atmifjrifrIrsm; &&Sd
Edkifonfhtjyif usm;ra&;&m wef;wlnDrQa&; vkyfief;
pOfuJhodkYaom tjcm;qufpyf vkyfief;rsm;yg tusKd;
oufa&mufrI rsm;&&SdEdkifjcif;? tmqD,Ha'owGif;EdkifiH
rsm;uJhodkY jrefrmEdkifiHwGifvnf; Nidrf;csrf;a&;aqmif
&GufrIrsm;wGif trsKd;orD;rsm;yg0ifa&;udk wGef;tm;ay;
aqmif&Guf&ef vdktyfaeao;jcif; ponfhtawG;tjrif
A[kokwtopfrsm;ESihf tusKd;aus;Zl;rsm;pGm &&Sdatmif
aqmif&GufMuzdkYvdktyfayonf/
rdrdwdkYEdkifiHwGifvnf; tjcm;aomEdkifiHrsm;
enf;wl Nidrf;csrf;a&;ESih f vHkNcHKa&;udpö&yfrsm;wGif
trsKd;orD;rsm;\ tcef;u@udk jr§ifhwif&ef vdktyfvmcJh
ygonf/ y#dyu©rsm; jzpfyGm;pOftcsdefumvrsm;wGif
trsm;tm;jzifh xdcdkufcHpm;&olrsm;onf trsKd; orD;rsm;?
uav;i,frsm;ESihf oufBuD;&G,ftdkrsm;jzpfjcif;wdk Y
aMumifh vufawGY&ifqdkif ajz&Sif;&mwGif tqdkyg tcuf
tcJrsm;udk xyfrHray:aygufapa&;twGuf trsKd;orD;
rsm;taejzifh ydkrdkí uwdu0wf &Sdolrsm;yDyD y#dyu©rsm;
rjzpfyGm;ap&ef wufMuGpGm wm;qD; umuG,fa&;wGif
yg0ifMurnfholrsm; jzpfonf/ y#dyu© jzpfyGm;jyD;onfh
a'orsm;\ jyefvnfxlaxmifa&; udpö&yfrsm; tyg
t0if Nidrf;csrf;a&; vkyfief;pOfrsm;ü trsKd;orD;rsm;
yg0ifvma&;ponfh Nidrf;csrf;a&;ESihf vHkNcHKa&;udpö&yf
rsm;wGif trsKd;orD;rsm; yg0ifvmap&ef wdk;wufwGef;
tm;ay;aqmif&Guf&ef vdktyfvmygaMumif; rD;armif;
xdk;jyvdkygonf/
8
2018 ckESpf? atmufwdkbm-Edk0ifbm-'DZifbm
pDrĤ zGHUNzdK;*sme,f
DICA vdkY trsm;uac:MuwJh &if;ESD;jr§KyfESHrIESifh ukrÜPD
rsm;ñTefMum;rIOD;pD;Xme 0efxrf;awG&JU BudK;yrf;aqmif&GufrIeJY jrefrm
jynfrSm yxrqkH; e-Government tpDtpOftjzpf ukrÜPDtGefvdkif;
rSwfykHwifpepf (Myanmar Companies Online – MyCO) udk 2018
ckESpf Mo*kwfv 1 &ufaeYu pwifusifhokH;EdkifcJhygw,f/ ukrÜPD
tGefvdkif;rSwfykHwifpepf (MyCO) pwifusifhokH;NyD; aemufydkif;rSm
ukrÜPDrSwfykHwif vkyfief;awG vG,fvGef;vdkY? jrefvGef;vdkY [kwfrS
[kwfyghrvm;vdkYawmif xif&w,fvdkY yk*¾vdupD;yGm;a&; todkuf
t0ef;u csD;rGrf;axmrem jyKcJhMuygw,f/
9
wu,fvnf; [kwfygw,f/ ukrÜPDtGefvdkif;
rSwfykHwifpepf (MyCO) qdkwm wpf&ufrSm 24 em&D?
wpfywfrSm 7 &uf urÇmhae&m toD;oD;uae BudKuf
wJhtcsdef ukrÜPDrSwfykHwifjcif;udk jyKvkyfEdkifwJh pepf
wpfckyg/ wpfenf;tm;jzifh ajym&&ifawmh pdwf0ifpm;&if
wpfa&;Edk;xNyD; rSwfykHwifvdkY&atmif vkyfxm;wmyg/
ukrÜPDtGefvdkif; rSwfykHwifpepf (MyCO) qdk
wm tpdk;&&JU0efaqmifrIudk tGefvdkif;u tjynfht0
ay;Edkifatmif yxrqkH; aqmif&GufcJhwJhpepfyg/ ukrÜPD
rSwfykH wifwmawG? ukrÜPD owif;tcsuftvuf &SmazG
wmawGudk ½kH;vmzdkYrvdkatmif aqmif&Gufxm;½kHomru
ukrÜPDrsm;taeeJY ukrÜPDrSwfykHwif½kH;udk qufoG,f
aqmif&GufzdkY vdktyfwJhudpöawG? ukrÜPDqdkif&m 0efaqmif
rIeJYywfoufNyD; ukrÜPD rSwfykHwif½Hk;udk ay;oGif;&r,fh
tcaMu;aiGtm;vkH;udkvnf; vlvmp&mrvdkbJ tGef
vdkif;u vkyfEdkifatmif pDpOfxm;wmyg/ ukrÜPDtGefvdkif;
rSwfykHwifpepf (MyCO) rSm jrefrm? t*Fvdyf ESpfbmomeJY
tvkyfvkyfvdkY&ygw,f/ wu,fawmh ukrÜPDtGefvdkif;
rSwfykHwifpepf (MyCO) [m jrefrmjynftwGuf e-Go-
vernment tpDtpOfu@opfudk zGifhvSpfvdkufwmyg/
ukrÜPDtGefvdkif; rSwfykHwifpepf (MyCO) rSm bmawG
vkyfvdkh&ovJ¿ukrÜPDtopf rSwfykHwifwmawG? ukrÜPD
ta[mif;awG jyefvnfrSwfykHwifwmawG? ukrÜPDawG&JU
tajymif;tvJ aqmif½GufvdkwmawG? ukrÜPDrSwfykHwif
½kH;udk jyefwrf;ydkYwmawG? ukrÜPD0efaqmifc ay;oGif;wm
awG tm;vkH;udk www.myco.dica.gov.mm rSm tvG,f
wul vkyfvdkY&ygw,f/ tokH;jyKolawG[m rdrdodvdkwJh
ukrÜPDwpfck&JUtcsuf tvufawGudk ukrÜPDtGefvdkif;
rSwfykHwifpepf (MyCO) rSm &SmazGEdkif½kHomru ukrÜPD
tusOf;csKyf (Company Extract) vdkYac:wJh ukrÜPD
'g½dkufwmeJY ywfoufwmawG? &S,f,mawGeJY ywfouf
wmawGpwJh tao;pdwftcsuftvufawGudkvnf;
jrefrmaiGusyfwpfaomif;udk tGefvdkif;uoGif;NyD;
0,f,lEdkifygao;w,f/
ukrÜPDtGefvdkif; rSwfykHwifpepf (MyCO) udk b,folawG
okH;EdkifovJ¿ vlom;tm;vkH;okH;vdkY&ygw,f/ rnfolrqdk
ukrÜPDrsm;e J YywfoufwJ h tcsuftvufawGud k
tGefvdkif;rSm tcrJh&,lEdkifygw,f/ 'ghtjyif ukrÜPDawG?
Oya'ynm&SifawG? ukrÜPD0efxrf;awGpwJh tjcm;
tokH;jyKolawGtaeeJYuawmh ukrÜPDtGefvdkif; rSwfykH
wifpepf (MyCO) rSm 0efaqmifrI us,fjyefYpGm&,lvdk&if
pm&if; (Account) wpfck zGifhxm;zdkY vdkygw,f/
pm&if; (Account) b,fvdkzGifhrvJ¿rnfolrqdk ukrÜPDtGefvdkif; rSwfykHwifpepf
(MyCO) rSm tcrJh pm&if;zGifhEdkifygw,f/ pm&if;zGifhzdkY
rdepftenf;i,fyJMumygw,f/ b,fvdkzGifh&rSmvJvdkY
ar;cJh&ifawmh -
tqifh (1) www.myco.dica.gov.mm udk
0ifa&mufyg/ NyD;&if ]]pm&if;topf zGifh&ef}} (Create
an account) qdkwJh ae&mrSm uvpfESdyfvdkufyg/
tqifh (2) tJ'DvdkESdyfNyD;&if trnf? vdyfpm?
zkef;eHygwf? tD;ar;vfpwJh vdktyfwJh tcsuftvufawGudk
10
2018 ckESpf? atmufwdkbm-Edk0ifbm-'DZifbm
pDrĤ zGHUNzdK;*sme,f
jznfhvdkufyg/ *½kjyKzdkYuawmh tD;ar;vfr&Sd&if jznfh
vdkYr&yg bl;/ NyD;&ifawmh ukrÜPDtGefvdkif; rSwfykHwifpepf
(MyCO) udk tokH;jyKwJhtwGuf vdkufem&r,hf pnf;rsOf;
pnf;urf;awGudk vdkufemzdkY oabmwlaMumif; trSwf
tom;jyxm;wJhae&mrSm uvpfESdyfvdkufyg/ NyD;&ifawmh
aemufwpfcg ukrÜPDtGefvdkif; rSwfykHwifpepf (MyCO)
udk 0ifa&mufwJhtcg udk,ftokH;jyKvdkwJh ID eJY pum;0Suf
(Password) udk a&G;cs,fvdkufyg/ pum;0Sufuawmh
tenf;qkH; pmvkH; 6 vkH;&Sdzdk Yvdkygw,f/ tao;pdwf
tm;vkH;jznfhoGif;NyD;wJhtcg ]]odrf;qnf;onf}}
(Save)udk cvkyfESdyfvdkuf&if pm&if;topf zGifhvSpfjcif;
NyD;ajrmufjyDjzpfygw,f/ cPae&if udk,f&JUtD;ar;vf
xJudk pm&if;topfudk twnfjyKaMumif; taMumif;Mum;
pm a&mufvmygvdrfhr,f/ rSwfom;zdkYtcsufuawmh
okH;pGJ\oltrsm;tjym;okH;vdkY&r,fh ]]pD;yGm;a&;vkyfief;
okH;pm&if;}} udkvnf; pm&if;topf&NyD;wJhtcgrSm zGifh
vdkY&ygw,f/
ukrÜPDtGefvdkif; rSwfykHwifpepf (MyCO) udk b,fvdk
okH;rvJ¿vG,fvG,fav;yg/ atmufutqifhawG
twdkif; vkyfMunfhvdkufyg -
tqifh (1) pm&if;zGifhNyD;&if ukrÜPDtGefvdkif;
rSwfykHwifpepf (MyCO) rlvpmrsufESm&JUxdyfrSm&SdwJh
]]0ifa&muf&ef}} (Log in) ae&mrSm uvpfESdyfNyD; udk,fh
ID eJY Password ½dkufxnfhvdkufyg/
tqifh (2) NyD;&if ukrÜPDtopfudk rSwfykHwif
csifwmvm;¿ 'grSr[kwf vuf&Sd ukrÜPDudk jyefNyD;rSwfykH
wifcsifwmvm;¿ 'grSr[kwf ukrÜPD&JUtcsuftvuf
awGudk tajymif;tvJ vkyfcsifwmvm;¿ tm;vkH;udk
oufqdkif&m Link rSm uvpfESdyfNyD; vkyfvdk Y&ygNyD/
Company Extract 0,fcsif&ifawmh ]]ukrÜPDrsm; &SmazG
&ef}} (Company Search) qdkwJhae&mrSm rdrdodcsifwJh
ukrÜPDtrnfudk ½dkufxnfhvdkuf ½kHygyJ/ tJ'Dvdk½dkufvdkuf
vdkY Company Profile ay:vmwJhtcg ]]tcsuftvuf
rsm; rSm,ljcif;}} (Order Documents) udk uvpfESdyfvdkuf
&if&ygjyD/
tqif h (3) tqif h (2) NyD;oGm;&ifawmh
0efaqmifcay;&r,fhtcsdef a&mufygNyD/ ukrÜPDtGefvdkif;
rSwfykHwifpepf (MyCO) rSm Credit Card/ Debit Card/
MPU tm;vkH;okH;vdkY&ygw,f/ wpfenf;tm;jzifh Visa/
Master pwmawG tvG,fwulokH;Edkifygw,f/ rMum
cPokH;r,fh yk*¾dKvfawGu ukrÜPDtGefvdkif; rSwfykHwif
pepf (MyCO) rSm BudKwifaiGoGif;xm;vdkYvnf; &ygao;
w,f/ BudKwifaiGoGif;xm;wJh tokH;jyKolawGuawmh
wpfBudrfoGif;NyD;&if Card xyfokH;p&mrvdkbJ BudKwifaiG
rukefrcsif; 0efaqmifrIawG &,lEdkifygw,f/
ukrÜPD\ tcGifhtmPm (Authority) qdkwmbmvJ¿ ukrÜPDtGefvdkif; rSwfykHwifpepf (MyCO) u
wpfqifh ukrÜPDwpfck[m ukrÜPDrSwfykHwif½kH;udk rdrd
ukrÜPDudpö qufoG,faqmif&GufwJhtcg ]]ukrÜPD\
tcGifhtmPm}} (Company Authority) &Sd&rSmjzpfyg
w,f/ 'Dvdkvkyf&wJhtaMumif;uawmh tcGifhtmPm r&Sd
wJholawGu ukrÜPDtGefvdkif; rSwfykHwifpepf (MyCO)
udkokH;NyD; ukrÜPD&JUta&;udpöawGudk 0ifa&muf aqmif
&Gufwm rvkyfEdkifatmif umuG,fxm;wmyg/ ukrÜPD
tGefvdkif; rSwfykHwifpepf (MyCO) rSm rSwfykHwifol
tm;vkH; ]]ukrÜPD\tcGifhtmPm}} udk tvdk tavsmuf
&&SdrSmjzpfygw,f/ tJ'DtcGifhtmPm&&Sdol rSom ukrÜPD
tGefvdkif; rSwfykHwifpepf (MyCO) rSm rdrd ukrÜPDa&;&m
udpöawG aqmif&GufEdkifrSm jzpfygw,f/ ukrÜPDrSwfykHwif
pOfrSm tD;ar;vf azmfjyxm;wJh 'g½dkufwmawGxH ]]
ukrÜPD\ tcGifhtmPm}} udk tvdk tavsmuf ay;ydkYoGm;
rSm jzpfygw,f/ 'g½dkufwmawG[m tqdkyg tcGifhtmPm
udk tjcm;oludk ay;tyfvdkY 'grSr[kwf ay;xm;NyD;om;udk
jyefvnf½kyfodrf;vdkYvnf;&ygw,f/
11
twJG(5)? trSwf-4
pDrĤ zGHUNzdK;*sme,f
rMumcPar;MuwJhar;cGef;awG
ukrÜPDtGefvdkif; rSwfykHwifpepf (MyCO) rSm tD;ar;vf
vdktyfovm;¿ ukrÜPDtGefvdkif; rSwfykHwifpepf (MyCO) rSm
pm&if;zGifholtm;vkH; tD;ar;vf&SdzdkYvdkygw,f/ 'gayr,fh
ukrÜPDtGefvdkif; rSwfykHwifpepf (MyCO) udk 0ifMunfh½kH
oufouf qdk&ifawmh tD;ar;vfrvdkyg/
ID eJY Password aysmufoGm;&if bmvkyf&rvJ¿
aus;Zl;jyKNyD; www.myco.dica.gov.mm udk
jyefoGm;NyD; Log in 0ifyg/ tJ'DtcsdefrSm ]]oif Log in eJY
Password arhaeNyDvm;}} qdkwJh ar;cGef;awGYygvdrfhr,f/
tJ'DrSm ay;xm;wJh Link twdkif; vdkufygoGm;vdkufyg/
oifhtD;ar;vfrSm bmqufvkyf&rvJqdkwm taMumif;
Mum;vmygvdrfhr,f/
ukrÜPDwpfc ke J Y p D ;y Gm;a&;vky fcsi fygw,f/ tJ' D
ukrÜPDtajctaetao;pdwfudk ukrÜPDtGefvdkif;
rSwfykHwifpepf (MyCO) rSm b,fvdk&SmEdkifygovJ¿ ukrÜPDtGefvdkif; rSwfykHwifpepf (MyCO) xJ
udk ]]ukrÜPDrsm;&SmazG&ef}} (Company Search) udk
uvpfESdyfNyD;okH;yg/ ukrÜPDwpfck&JU rSwfykHwif&mZ0if
(Filing History)? vdyfpm? 'g½dkufwmtrnf pwmawGudk
tcrJhMunfhvdkY&ygw,f/ tao;pdwfodcsif&ifawmh
Company Extract udk ukrÜPDwpfck usyfwpfaomif;eIef;eJY
tGefvdkif;u ay;acs0,f,l Munfh&IEdkifygw,f/
ukrÜPD&JU'g½dkufwmwpfa,muftaeeJY udk,fh
ukrÜPD&JUtao;pdwftcsuftvufawGudk b,fvdk
MunfhvdkY&rvJ¿ ykHpHawGudk ukrÜPDtGefvdkif; rSwfykHwif
pepf (MyCO) rSm b,fvdkwifEdkifrvJ¿
udk,fhrSm&SdNyD;jzpfwJh ukrÜPD\ tcGifhtmPm
(Company Authority) udkokH;NyD; ukrÜPD&JU tao;pdwf
tcsuftvuf Munfh½IwmawG? ukrÜPDa&;&mudpöawG
tm;vkH;udk aqmif&GufvdkY&ygw,f/
rdrdukrÜPD&JY ]ukrÜPD\ tcGifhtmPm}b,folawGqDrSm
&SdaeovJ¿ odvdkygw,f/ ukrÜPDtGefvdkif; rSwfykHwifpepf (MyCO) udk
0ifa&mufNyD; udk,fhukrÜPD&JUtrnfudk &Smvdkufyg/
Company Profile pmrsufESmrSm ]]ukrÜPD\ tcGif h
tmPm}} (Company Authority) tpdrf;a&miftuGufudk
uvpfESdyfvdkuf&if b,folawGqDrSm Authority awG
&Sdaew,fqdkwm awGUygvdrfhr,f/
wpfa,mufa,mufqDrSm &SdaewJh ]ukrÜPD\ tcGifh
tmPm}udk b,fvdk zsufvdkh&rvJ¿ukrÜPDtGefvdkif; rSwfykHwifpepf (MyCO) udk
0ifa&mufNy D; Company Authority xJrSm&S daewJ h
yk*¾dKvfawGxJu ukrÜPDeJY roufqdkifwJhol (odkYr[kwf)
'g½dkufwmr[kwfwJhol &SdaecJh&if tJ'DtuGufxJrSm&Sdae
wJh Revoke qdkwJh ae&mrSm uvpfESdyfvdkuf½kHygyJ/
ukrÜPDtGefvdkif; rSwfykHwifpepf (MyCO) rSm
awmfawmfav;vG,fatmif? &Sif;atmif vkyfxm;ygw,f/
wpfenf;tm;jzifh tokH;jyKolawG tuRrf;w0if&Sdatmif
pDrHxm;ygw,f/ vkyf&if;udkif&if;eJU tcuftcJay:vm
&if? em;rvnfwm&Sdvm&if DICA 0efxrf;awGxH zkef;?
Messenger ? DICA Facebook u qufoG,f ar;jref;
EdkifwJhtjyif DICA website &JU Q&A rSmvnf; 0ifar;
vdkY&ygw,f/ xyfajymcsifwmu udk,fhtdrf? udk,fh½kH;rSm
vkyfvdk Ytqif rajycJh&if &efukefeY J wdkif;a'oBuD;?
jynfe,ftoD;oD;rSm&SdaewJh DICA ½kH;awGrSm xm;&Sd ay;
wJh Kiosk vdkYac:wJh trsm;jynfolokH; uGefysLwmawGrSm
½kH;csdeftwGif; vmNyD;aqmif &Gufr,fqdk&if DICA 0efxrf;
rsm;u ulnDaqmif&Gufay;zdkY toifh&SdaeaMumif;udkvnf;
owif;aumif;yg;vdkufygw,f/
12
2018 ckESpf? atmufwdkbm-Edk0ifbm-'DZifbm
pDrĤ zGHUNzdK;*sme,f
ed'gef;tzGJYtpnf;wpfckjzpfap? wdkif;jynfwpfjynf
jzpfap ,if;tzGJYtpnf;^ EdkiffiHtwGif;&Sd rSDwif;aexdkif
Muonfh vlom;t&if;tjrpfzGHYNzdK;wdk;wufa&;twGuf
ynma&;pepfonf a,bk,stm;jzifh t"duusaom
tcef;u@wGif yg0ifaeonf/ xdkYtwl EdkiffiHawmf
pOfqufrjywf zGHYNzdK;wdk;wufrIwGifvnf; t"du ta&;
BuD;onfhtcsufrSm vlYpGrf;tm;t&if;tjrpfESifh vlrIb0
zGH YNzdK;wdk;wufa&;yifjzpfonf/ urÇmhukvor*¾rS
13
csDwufvsuf&Sdaom pOfqufrjywf zGHYNzdK;wdk;wufrI
yef;wdkifrsm; (Sustainable Development Goals, SDGs)
wGifvnf; ta&;BuD;aom yef;wd ki fwpfcktjzpf
owfrSwfxm;&SdNyD; ,cktcg jrefrmEdkiffiHawmftpdk;&
taejzifhvnf; 2018-2030 c&D;twGuf jrefrmEdkiffiH\
a&&SnfwnfwHhcdkifNrJNyD; [efcsufnDaom zGHYNzdK;wdk;wuf
rIpDrHudef; (Myanmar Sustainable Development Plan,
MSDP) \ &nfrSef;csuf yef;wdkif-4 wGif twdtvif;
jy|mef;vkyfaqmifrnf[k owfrSwfjy|mef;xm;onf/
jrefrmhpD;yGm;a&;rl0g' tydk'f-3 wGifvnf; vlYpGrf;tm;
t&if;tjrpf zGHYNzdK; wdk;wufrIudk a&S;½Ionfh EdkifiHhpD;yGm;
a&;udk wnfaqmufoGm;&efvnf; azmfjyyg&SdNyD; jzpf
onf/ EdkifiHwumESifh &ifaygifwef;Edkif&efrSm EdkifiHawmf
\ vdktyfcsufudk ausmaxmufaemufcHjyKEdkifonfh
tvkyfvkyfEdkifonfh pGrf;&nf&Sdaom vlom;t&if;tjrpf
rsm; zGHYNzdK;wdk;wufrSom jzpfEdkifonf/ xdkYtwl zGHYNzdK;
wdk;wufrIudk pOfqufrjywf xdef;odrf;oGm;Edkiff&efrSm
vnf; acwfrDenf;ynmrsm;udk vufvSrf;rDí zefwD;
rIpGrf;tm;? zefwD;EdkifrI t&nftaoG;ESifh tawG;tac:
rsm;vnf; zGHYNzdK;wdk;wuf&ef vdktyfayonf/ odkYrSom
um,? ÚmP pGrf;tifjynfhaom EdkifiHom;rsm; wnf&Sd
vsuf EdkifiHtwGuf ppfrSefaom? awmfwnfhrSefuefaom
pepfrsm;ESifh rl0g'vrf;pOfrsm; csrSwftaumiftxnf
azmfaqmifEdkifaom EdkifiHwpfcktaejzifh pOfqufrjywf
zGHYNzdK; wdk;wufaernfrSm rkcsyifjzpfayonf/ xdkYaMumifh
vnf; vlYpGrf;tm;t&if;tjrpf zGHYNzdK;wdk;wufap&ef &nf
rSef;csufxm; taumiftxnfazmfaqmif&ef txl;
vdktyfvSayonf/
ynma&;pepfcdkifrmrIpma&;oltaejzifh wifjyvdkonfrSm vuf&Sd
taetxm;rsm;t& jrefrmhvlrIe,fy,f wGif cdkifcdkifjrJjrJ
tjrpfwG,fvsuf&Sdaom bGJYwpfckavmufawmh&rSjzpfr,f
[laom pGJjrJpGm qkyfudkifxm;onfh tawG;tac:a[mif;
rsm;onf rdbq&mrsm;tMum; tjrpfwG,fvsuf
&SdaeqJjzpfonf/ xdkYtwl q,fpkESpfaygif;rsm;pGm tqif
oifh cl;NyD;cyfNyD;om; oifMum;^ oif,lrIpepf Spoon
Feeding Technique atmufwGif &SifoefaecJh&onfh
jrefrmhynma&; avmuom;rsm;ESifh vli,fvl&G,frsm;
taejzifh tawG;tac:? tavhtusifha[mif;rsm;Mum;rS
½kef;xGufEdkiff&ef tawmfcufcJonfudk awGYMu&ayrnf/
rdbrsm;rS om;orD;rsm;tay:xm;&Sdaom arQmfvifhcsuf
BuD;vQif BuD;oavmuf? NydKifqdkifcsifvQif NydKifqdkifcsif
oavmuf? 0goemygonfjzpfap? rygonfjzpfap
zdtm;ay;pmusufcdkif;onfh "avhrsm;ESifh tvGwfusuf
ynma&;pepfudk ydkrdk&Sifoefaponfh jyifyusL&Sifpepf
rsm;ESifh xda&mufrI enf;yg;onfh ynmoif,lavhvmrI
ykHpHrsm;tMum; q&m^q&mrsm;a&m ausmif;om;^
ausmif;olrsm;rSm ,aeYtcsdefxdydwfrdaeqJjzpfonf/
trSwfjzifh wuúodkvfcsxm;ay;onfhpepfonfvnf;
xl;cRefxufjrufaom vli,frsm;\ pl;prf;avhvmEdkif
rIESifh avhvmvdkpdwfrsm; omru yifudkpdwf&if;cHrsm;udkyg
ysufpD;qkH;&IH;aponf/ trsm;odNyD;jzpfMuonfhtwdkif;
Oyrmjy&vQif q&m0efwpfa,mufjzpfcsifvGef;í BudK;
pm;cJhaom rdef;uav;i,fwpfa,muf aq;wuúodkvf
wufa&mufEdkif&ef wpfrSwfjzifh uyfusefcJhaom jzpf&yf
udk MunfhvQif xdkrdef;uav;i,ftaejzifh rnfrQaMuuGJ
14
2018 ckESpf? atmufwdkbm-Edk0ifbm-'DZifbm
pDrĤ zGHUNzdK;*sme,f
cHpm;&rnfudk rawG;wwfatmifyif/ xdkYtwl &nfrSef;
csufaysmufqkH;apouJhodkY yifudk0goemudk vufvGwf
qkH;½IH;&onfhtjyif aemufxyfquf&rnfhc&D;wGifvnf;
aysmf½TifEdkiffygrnfavm/ xyfrHtopfjzwfoef;&rnfh
b0c&D;twGuf tm;jyefjynfhatmif rdbaqGrsKd;rsm;u
usm;uefay;EdkiffygrSom xdkodkYaom rdef;uav;rsm;
twGuf b0vSyEdkifonf/ ynma&;onf vlwpfa,muf
ESifh EdkiffiHwpfEdkiffiH &SifoefEdkiffzdkY t"duaomhcsufjzpfonf/
ynma&;onf jyefr&Ed kifaom t&if;tES D;[kxif
rSwfrSm;cJhMuonf/ ynma&;\ toD;tyGifhonf csuf
csif;a&MunfaomufEdkiffrnfum; r[kwfay/ xdkYtwl
ynma&;pepfwpfck\ tusKd;&v'fonfvnf; aemif
ESpfaygif; 20 MumrS tajzay:wwfNrJjzpfonf/ a&&Snf
&nfrSef;csufxm; vkyfaqmifEdkiffrSom ynma&;\ta&;
ygykHudk txift&Sm;awGYjrifEdkiffrnf/
zG H Y NzdK;NyD;Ed kifiHrsm;ESih f zG H Y NzdK;qJEd kifiHrsm;\
xdyfqkH;EdkiffiHrsm;udk avhvmMunfhvQif oufarG;ynmudk
tpOfwpdkuf wGef;tm;ay;vsuf EdkifiHom;wdkY\ b0&yf
wnfa&;? ukefxkwfpGrf;tm;jr§ifhwifEdkifa&;? pGrf;tif
jynfh0aom vlom;t&if;tjrpfrsm; zGHYNzdK;wdk;wufEdkif&ef
twGuf tvGefw&mtajccHusvSonfudk awGY&rnf
jzpfygonf/ EdkifiHwdkif;wGif oufarG;ynmoifausmif;
rsm;udk us,fus,fjyefYjyefY zGifhvSpftm;ay;cJhMuNyD;
twwfynm&Sif̂ todynm&Sifrsm;tjzpf arG;xkwfay;
um EdkifiHawmf a½SUquf&rnfhvrf;rSefudk a&G;EdkiffcJhMu
onf/
jrefrmhvlYtzGJUtpnf;taejzifh ynma&;pepfudk
okH;oyf&mwGif EdkiffiHawmfonf acwftqufquf ynm
a&;pepfopfwpfckudk prf;oyfcJhonf/ ,cktcsdefxdvnf;
prf;oyfaeonf/ EdkifiHawmftpdk;&tqufquf ynm
a&;pepfaygif;pkHjzifh BuD;jyif;vmcJhMuonfh vlYtzGJ Y
tpnf; jzpfaeonfhtavsmuf ynma&;pepfrsm;ESifh
ywfoufvmvQif ,kHMunfrI tifrwefenf;yg;onfudk
awGY&Sd&onf/ EdkiffiHwumwGif ynma&;pepfwpfckudk
taumiftxnfazmfaqmifEdkif&ef EdkifiHawmfrS pDrHudef;
rsm; csrSwftaumiftxnfazmfMu&mwGif 10 ESpf 30
ESpf pDrHudef;ponfh a&vwfESifh a&&SnfpDrHudef;rsm;
csrSwftaumiftxnfazmfMuonfhenf;wl tpdk;&
tajymif;tvJ rnfrQyifjzpfap csrSwfxm;onfh vrf;jy
ajrykH ynma&; pDrHudef;twdkif; c&D;qufMuavh&Sdonf/
xd ktcg ynma&;pepf\ aumif;arG^ qd k;arGud k
jynfolvlxku odjrifEdkifMuayonf/ odkY&mwGif jrefrm
EdkifiH\ ordkif;wpfavQmuf tpdk;& tqufquftaejzifh
aumif;Edk;&m&mynma&;pepfrsm;udk csrSwftaumif
txnf azmfaqmif&if;ESifhyif ynmwwfrsm; &Sm;yg;
usKHvSDvm&onfhtjzpfonf ,aeYtcsdefwGif cg;oD;
aom ynma&;tarGudk qufcHaeMu&NyDjzpfonf/
xdkodkYqdkvQif ynma&;pepf pv,ftqkH; &&Sd
vmrnfh aumif;arGudk jynfolvlxk tjrifwGifomru
EdkifiHawmftwGuf xda&mufaom vlom;t&if;tjrpf
rsm;zGH YNzdK;wdk;wuf &&SdvmEdkifa&;twGuf EdkifiHawmf
tpdk;&rS a&&SnfpDrHudef;rsm; csrSwftaumiftxnfazmf
&efvdktyfouJhodkY aemifwufvmrnfh tpdk;&rsm;tae
jzifhvnf; vrf;jyajrykHtwdkif; a&SUtpdk;&csrSwf taumif
txnfazmfaqmifxm;onfh ynma&;pepfudk qufvuf
taumiftxnfazmfaqmifay;rSom xda&mufaom
ynma&;pepfudk xdawGYodjrifvsuf jynfolrsm;\
,kHMunfudk;pm;rIudk cH,lEdkiffMuayvdrfhrnf/
vlhpGrf;tm;t&if;tjrpf zGHhNzdK;wdk;wufrI vkyfief;pOfcsrSwf
&m0,f
jrefrmEdkiffiH\ vlOD;a&oef;acgifpm&if;t&
Adkufazmif;aeonfhtaetxm; wpfck0,f tvkyfvkyf
Edkifaom vli,fydkif;trsm;tjym;wnf&Sdaeonfh umv
jzpfonf/ vlYpGrf;tm;t&if;tjrpfzGH YNzdK;wdk;wufa&;
vkyfief;pOfrsm;wGif oifMum;^oif,lrIudk vufcHí
vkyfaqmifEdkifonfh vlom;t&if;tjrpfonf EdkiffiHwpf
EdkifiH\ pOfqufrjywf zGHYNzdK;wdk;wufrItwGuf txl;
ta&;ygonf/ ,cifumvrsm;u EdkifiHtcsK d UwGif
15
twJG(5)? trSwf-4
pDrĤ zGHUNzdK;*sme,f
vlom;t&if;tjrpf &&SdEdkifa&;twGufyif tjcm;EdkifiH
rsm;rS ajymif;a½TUtajccsolrsm;udk ac:,lvufcHMu&
onfh om"ursm;pGmvnf; &SdcJhonf/ xdkYtwl ,ckumv
wGif vlom;rsKd;qufopf enf;yg;vmNyD; tvkyfvkyfEdkifol
xuf oufBuD;&G,ftdkrsm;jym;vmaom EdkiffiHrsm;vnf;
ay:aygufaeNyDjzpfonf/ vlom;&if;jrpfwnf&Sda&;ESifh
zGHYNzdK;wdk;wufa&;vkyfief;pOfrsm; txl;csrSwftaumif
txnfazmfaqmifEdkiffrSom EdkiffiHawmf\ a&&Snfc&D;udk
taotcsm c&D;qufEdkiffrnf/
vlom;t&if;tjrpf zGHYNzdK;wdk;wufrIudk OD;wnf
&mwGif vuf&Sdvli,fvlvwfrsm; zGHYNzdK;wdk;wufrItwGuf
csefvSyfxm;&efrjzpfouJhodkY tem*wfvli,frsm;twGuf
vnf; pepfwus pDrHudef;? pDrHcsufcsvkyfaqmifMu&ef
vdktyfayonf/ pma&;ol enf;ynmwuúodkvfwGif
wm0efxrf;pOfumvrsm;u rSwfrSwfom;om;wpfckudk
aqmif&GufcJhzl;onf/ xdkpOfu enf;ynmausmif;rsm;wGif
wuúodkvf0ifwef;trSwf 360 rSwf&&Sdu wufcGifhay;
cJhjyD; trSwftenf;trsm; wef;pDpepft& ar*smrsm;udk
xyfrHcGJjcm;MuonfhtwGuf trSwf tenf;qkH;&&Sdonfh
ausmif;om;ausmifolrsm;onf vlBudKufenf;aom
bmom&yfrsm;odkY rwufcsifaomfvnf; wufMu&onf/
xdkpOfu enf;ynmwuúodkvf ynma&;onf trnfcH
om&Sdaomfvnf; vufawGYavhvmrIrsm;? ya&m*sufvkyf
aqmifrIrsm;tifrwefenf;onfh umv[kqdk&rnf/
txl;tHhMorIrsm;vnf; jzpfcJh&onf/ enf;ynmausmif;
qif;wpfa,mufonf vufawGUrygbJ rnfodkYc&D;quf
rnfenf;[laom tawG;rsm;&vmcJhonf/ aemuf
wpfqifhwGif tvGwfusufynma&;pepf'Pfu enf;
ynmwuúodkvfynma&;txd txl;½dkufcwfavonf/
pmar;yGJatmif&eftwGuf oif½dk;ygpmrsm;udk em;vnf
onf jzpfap^ em;rvnfonfjzpfap tvGwfusufMuNyD;
vufawGYvkyfaqmifzl;jcif;r&SdonfhtwGuf prf;w0g;
0g; ajzqdkMu&onf/ tar;tajzykHpHrsm;udk tvGwf
usufrSwf ajzqdkMuonf/ pma&;oltaejzifh rdrdydkif
tDvufxa&mepfypönf;rsm;udk tokH;jyKvsuf vufawGY
csdefowfrSwfcsufr&Sdonfh umvjzpfonfhtavsmuf
rdrdpmoifcsdefrsm;twGif; vufawGYtjyif? jyifyaps;uGuf
ESifheD;pyfrI&Sdatmif zefwD;vsuf trSwfay;pepfrsm;wGif
vufawGYtrSwfay;pepfESifh pmoifcsdefwGif tjcm;aom
qufpyfpOf;pm;rIrsm;udk csjyoifMum;ay;um tcsdefydk
rsm;pGm ukefqkH;apvsuf ya&m*sufaygif;rsm;pGm jyKvkyf
apcJhonf/ txufwm0ef&Sd yk*¾dKvfrsm; Mum;odatmif
vnf; ya&m*sufrsm;\ pmwrf;ESifh &v'frsm;udk wifjy
EdkifcJhonfhtwGuf aemifwpfESpfenf;ynm ynma&;pepf
wGif vufawGUcsdefrsm; xnfhoGif;EdkifcJhNyD; vufawGYcef;
rsm;udk pma&;oludk,fwdkif ausmif;om;? ausmif;olrsm;
tiftm;jzifh xlaxmifEdkifcJhonf/ xdkpOfu wuúodkvf
todkif;t0dkif;onf pma&;oltm; ½l;aeonf? iaMumifyg
ponfjzifh *kPfyk'frsm;pGm ay;tyfcJhMuonf/ odkY&mwGif
ESrf;wpfaphjzifh qDjzpfcJhonfudk ,aeYwdkif awGYjrifEdkiff
onf/ qdkvdkonfrSm vlYpGrf;tm;t&if;tjrpf zGH YNzdK;
wdk;wufa&; pOf;pm;Mu&mwGif vufawGUb0rsm;ESifh
vnf; eD;uyf&efta&;BuD;NyD; &Sd&if;pGJt&if; tjrpfrsm;
zGHYNzdK;wdk;wufap&efESifh aemif&Sdvmrnfh rsKd;qufopf
rsm;twGufyg BudKwif wGufcsufpOf;pm;xm;EdkiffrSom
pOfqufrjywf zGHYNzdK;wdk;wufayrnf/
EdkifiHh0efxrf;rsm;tm; pGrf;aqmif&nfjrifhrm;ap
&ef avhusifhay;&mwGifjzpfap? vli,fvlvwfrsm;
pGrf;aqmif&nfjrifhrm;&ef avhusifhay;&mwGifjzpfap?
EdkifiHwumwGif xda&mufaom avhusifhrIrsm;udkMunfh
vQif jrefrmEdkiffiHom;rsm;taejzifh ,aeYtcsdefxd BudKuf
ESpfoufrI enf;yg;onfudk awGYjrifEdkifonf/ EdkifiHjcm;
ynm&Sifrsm;taejzifh oifwef;umv &&Sdonfhtcsdefwdk
twGif; xdrdaomtodynmESifh vkyfaqmif&nf jrifhrm;
ap&ef̂ jyefvnft okH;csEdkifap&ef OD;wnfvsuf w½kwf
odkif;0w¬Ktqdkt& OD;aESmufrkefwdkif;qif wdkufuGuf
(Brain Stroming Technique) udk ydkifydkif EdkifEdkif tokH;jyK
jcif;aMumifhjzpfonf/ pma&;olwdkY i,fpOfu vlBuD;olr
rsm;ajymavh&Sdaom pum;wpfcGef; rSm jrefrmrsm;aovQif
OD;aESmufrSm tcef;vGwfcsnf;yJ bmrSpOf;pm; awG;ac:
16
2018 ckESpf? atmufwdkbm-Edk0ifbm-'DZifbm
pDrĤ zGHUNzdK;*sme,f
xm;jcif;? wGufcsufxm;jcif; r&SdonfhtwGuf OD;aESmuf
tokH;jyKrI r&SdonfhtwGuf tcef;vGwfcsnf;vdkY wifpm;
cJh[efwlonf/ þonfudk MunfhvQif oifcef;pm,l
jyifqifoifhonfrsm; rsm;pGm&Sd aeayonf/ World Bank/
ADB/GIZ ponfhtzGJUtpnf;rsm; zGifhvSpfonfh oifwef;
rsm;? tvkyf½kHaqG;aEG;yGJrsm;udk MunfhvQif ,aeYacwf
uav;i,frsm;twGuf jyKjyifajymif;vJaeonfh ynm
a&;pepftwdkif; wufa&mufvmonfh oifwef; om;rsm;
\ tajccHudk t&ifavhvmvsuf acgif;pOfwpfck
atmufwGif vGwfvyfpGmawG;ac:um tpktzGJUtvdkuf
bkHoabmwlnDrIwpfckudk xkwf,lum oufqdkif&m
e,fy,ftvdkuf? u@tvdkuf tBuHjyKapí tawG;
tac:opfrsm;ESifh enf;jyrsm;rS awmfwnfhrSefuef aom
t,ltqrsm;? EdkifiHwumtawGYtBuHKrsm;udk aygif;pyf
ay;onfudk awGYBuHKMu&ayrnf/ EdkifiHjcm; &ufwdk
ynmoifwef;rsm; wufa&muf&mwGifvnf; vsifjref
xda&mufaom aqG;aEG;zvS,fonfh vrf;pOfrsm;udk
usifhokH;Muonfudk awGY&Sd&onf/ xdkodkYaom aqG;aEG;
ydk Ycsonfhpepfonf vwfwavmtcsdeftxd jrefrmh
e,fy,fwGif tH0ifcGifusjzpfonf[k rqdkomay/ ,if;
uJhodkUaom oifwef;rsm;onf jrefrmrS tcsuf tvuf
rsm; &,l&efom zefwD;xm;onf[laom cH,lcsufrsm;
jrefrme,fy,fwGif awG;ac:aeqJjzpfonf/ rSefygonf/
odkY&mwGif xdrdaom vlUpGrf;tm;t&if;tjrpfudk pGrf;&nf
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jrifaom pepfwpfckjzpfonfudkrl ynm&Sifwdkif; vufcH
xm;Mu&onf/ ausmif;om;^ausmif;olrsm;tMum;
wGif pmusuf&ef tm½kHxm;olrsm;ESifh vufawGUpl;prf;
onfudk 0goemygolrsm; &SdaewwfNyD; oifMum;ydkYcsonfh
q&mtaejzifvnf; oDtdk&DESif h vufawGYaygif;pyf
wwfatmif oifMum;ay;Edkifonfh pGrf;&nfrsm; vdktyf
vmayonf/ tawG;tac:ESifh zefwD;rIpGrf;&nfudk
jr§ifhwifay;onfh rdrd0ef;usifESifh vdkufavsmnDaxG
onfhpepfudk ydkYcsEdkif&efvnf; pdwfcGeftm;ESifh enf;vrf;
rsm; &Sdae&ayrnf/ odkYrSomvQif vlYpGrf;tm; t&if;tjrpf
zGHYNzdK;wdk;wufrI vkyfaqmif&mwGif xda&mufrnfjzpf
onf/
trsm;pkaom EdkifiHh0efxrf;rsm;onf oifMum;?
oif,lrIykHpHtopf? vkyfief;cGiftopf? vufa[mif;
avhvmrIESifh rwlnDaomavhvmrItopfrsm;\ pdefac:
rIrsm;udk pdk;½GHUvsuf vdkufygaqmif&Guf&ef wGefYqkwf
wwfMuonf/ rdrdwdkY vufudkifudpöwpfck? wwfuRrf;NyD;
wpfckwnf;jzifh a&mifh&Jauseyfwwf MuNrJjzpfonf/ vlY
pGrf;tm;t&if;tjrpf zGHYNzdK;wdk;wuf ap&ef vkyfaqmifMu
&mwGif oufqdkif&m0ef;usifESifh udkufnDonfh rl0g'
vrf;pOfrsm;csrSwf taumiftxnf azmfaqmifEdkifrSom
aiGaMu;tygt0if ukefqkH;&onfht&mtm;vkH; tusKd;
&Sdvmayrnf/
rl0g'qdkif&m taumiftxnfazmfrIc&D;vlYpGrf;tm;t&if;tjrpfzGH YNzdK;wdk;wufrIudk
pwiftaumiftxnfazmfaqmifawmhrnfqdkygu
awmfoifhrSefuefrnfh rl0g'rsm;udk &&SdvmEdkifonfh
arQmfrSef;&v'frsm;udk wGufqí csrSwftaumiftxnf
azmfaqmif&rnf/ Oyrmqdk&vQif oufarG;ynmu@e,f
y,fwGif jrefrmEdkiffiHtaejzifh OD;pm;ay;u@tvdkuf?
a&&Snfvkyfaqmifrnfhu@tvdkufESifh EdkiffiHwum
xdk;azmufvkyfaqmifrnfh u@tvdkuf a&wdk? a&vwf?
a&&Snfponfh cG Jjcm;vsuf taumiftxnfazmfrI
vrf;pOfrsm; csrSwfvkyfaqmifrSom EdkiffiHtwGuf vltif
tm;? aiGESifhtcsdefukefusrIrsm; tusKd;&Sdayrnf/ xdkYtwl
EdkifiHawmftpdk;& tqufqufrSvnf; EdkifiHawmfzGHYNzdK;
17
twJG(5)? trSwf-4
pDrĤ zGHUNzdK;*sme,f
wdk;wufrI vrf;jyajrykHtwdkif; EdkifiHawmfBuD; a&SUodkU
wdk;wufap&ef tcsdefumvudk cs defqí taumif
txnfazmfrI vrf;pOftajymif;tvJjzifh &nfrSef;csuf
yef;wdkifwpfckwnf;udkom pl;pl;pdkufpdkuf taumif
txnfazmfoifhayonf/
jrefrmjynfolwdkU\ ESvkH;om;wGif tpdk;&
tqufquf vufoifh&m csrSwfcJhonhf vSyaomrl0g'
rsm;? pDrHcsufrsm;udkom awGYBuHKcHpm;cJhMu&zl;NyD;
taumiftxnfazmf aqmif&mwGifrl tifrweftm;enf;
onfh tawGYtBuHKrsm;udk &&SdcJhMuzl;NyD;jzpfonf/ ,ck
tcg u@tvdkuf zGHYNzdK;wdk;wufrIudk vGwfvyfa&;r&rD
umvrS pwifykHazmfcJh&mrS r[mAsL[mcsrSwfvsuf
awmifhwif;cdkifrmaom rl0g'vrf;pOfrsm;jzifh csrSwf
taumiftxnfazmf aqmif&Gufawmhrnfvnf; jzpf
onf/ EdkifiHawmftaejzifh jrefrmEdkifiH\ a&&SnfwnfwHh
cdkifNrJNyD; [efcsufnDaom zGHYNzdK;wdk;wufrIpDrHudef;udk
toifha&;qGJxm;NyD;vnf;jzpfonf/ EdkifiHawmf twdkif
yifcHyk*¾dKvfrSvnf; pifumylvufcsmwGif twdtvif;
xkwfazmfajymMum;NyD;vnf;jzpfonf/ &nfrSef;csufrsm;
taumiftxnfazmfaqmifEdkif&ef vkyfief;pOf 251
ckudkvnf; csrSwfxm;onfudk awGU&Sd&ayrnf/ urÇmh
ukvor*¾rS 2030 ckESpftxd csrSwf taumiftxnfazmf
&ef wpfurÇmvkH; pOfqufrjywf zGHYNzdK;wdk;wufap&ef
&nfrSef;csuf 17 csufudk aZmif;ay;í jrefrmhvuf&Sd
taetxm;rSonf zGHYNzdK;qJxdyfqkH;odkY a&muf&SdapEdkifrnfh
vrf;jyajrykHwpfck[kvnf; qdkEdkiffonf/ txufwGif
azmfjycJhonfhtwdkif; rnfolu csrSwftaumiftxnf
azmfaqmifcJ honfh vrf;jyajryk H? rl0g'rsm;jzpfap
qufvufí EdkifiHh wm0efudk ,lMu&rnfh tpdk;& tquf
qufonf vufudkiftjzpf usifhokH;vsuf taumif
txnfazmfrI vkyfief;pOf̂ vrf;pOfrwlapumrl &nfrSef;
csufudk qufvuftaumiftxnf azmfaqmifay;&ef
vdktyfonfudk pma&;olESifhwuG jrefrmjynfolrsm;u
tvdk&SdMuayonf/
tar&duefjynfaxmifpkudkavhvmMunfhvQif
rnfonfhygwDtzGJUtpnf;rS tpdk;&tjzpf qufcHonf
jzpfap? EdkifiHawmf a&SUqufoGm;rnfh Strategic Plan udk
&nf;rSef;csufxm;í cdkifrmaom rl0g'rsm;csrSwfum
rwluG J jym;aom vkyfaqmifyk Henf;vrf;rsm;jzif h
vufawGU usus taumiftxnfazmfEdkiffcJhonfhtwGuf
,aeYtcsdeftxd EdkiffiHa&;? pD;yGm;a&;ESifh vlrla&;? enf;
ynme,fy,fü urÇmhyxrae&mwGif &yfwnfaeEdkiff
qJjzpfonf/
pma&;oltaejzifh wpdkufrwfrwfwdkufwGef;vdk
onfrSm EdkifiHawmftaejzifh vlwef; pm;tvTmaygif;pkH
yg0ifaom EdkifiHawmfESifh udkufnDrnfh r[mAsL[majrmuf
Ed kifiHawmfa&SUqufoGm;rnfh a&&Snf&nfrSef;csuf
yef;wdkifrsm;udk csrSwfvsuf EdkiffiHawmftpdk;& tquf
qufvufcHusifhokH; taumiftxnfazmfay;Muap
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ed*kH;þaqmif;yg;udka&;om;&mwGif pma&;ol
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wdk;wufap&ef taumiftxnfazmfaqmif&mwGif
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pOf^ vrf;pOfrsm; pepfwusa&;qGJvsuf trSefwu,f
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vrf;jyajrykHtwdkif; jrefrmha&SUc&D;udk EdkiffiHawmftpdk;&
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18
2018 ckESpf? atmufwdkbm-Edk0ifbm-'DZifbm
pDrĤ zGHUNzdK;*sme,f
pm&if;tif;ynmudkavhvmMunfhrnfqdkygu a,bk,stm;jzifh o½kyfazmf
pm&if;tif;ynm (Descriptive Statistics) ESifh aumufcsufcs pm&if;tif;ynm
(Inferential Statistics) [lí (2)rsdK;awGUEdkifrnfjzpfonf/
o½kyfazmf pm&if;tif;ynmonf tcsuftvufrsm;udk pkpnf;wifjy&mwGif
rsm;pGm taxmuftuljyKygonf/ o½kyfazmf pm&if;tif;ynmt& tcsuftvuf
rsm;udk xyfBudrfjyZ,m; (frequency distribution) wdkYjzifhvnf;aumif;? yHkum;csyf
(Chart & Graph) wdkYjzifhvnf;aumif; pkpnf;wifjyavh&Sdygonf/
xyfBudrfjyZ,m; (frequency distribution) onf udef;*Pef;tcsuftvuf
(numerical data) omru tkyfpktrsdK;tpm; (category data) rsm;udk pkpnf; wifjy
19
&mwGif toHk;jyKEdkifaomfvnf; yHkum;csyf (Chart &
Graph) tcsdKUonf udef;*Pef;tcsuftvuf (numerical
data) rsm;udk pkpnf;wifjy&mwGifom toHk;jyKEdkifaMumif;
awGU&onf/ xdkYaMumifh rnfonfhyHkum;csyfrsm;onf
udef;*Pef;tcsuftvuf (numerical data) rsm;
pkpnf;wifjy&mwGif toHk;jyKoifhonf (odkY) tkyfpktrsdK;
tpm; (category data) rsm; pkpnf;wifjy&mwGif toHk;
jyKoifhonfudk qufvufaqG;aEG;rnf jzpfygonf/
a,bk,stm;jzifh wifjyrI (Presentation)
rsm;wGif toHk;jyKavh&Sdonfh yHkum;csyf (Chart & Graph)
trsdK;tpm;tcsdKUrSm -
(u) Bar Chart
(c) Pie Chart
(*) Line Graph
(C) Scatter Diagram ponfwdkYjzpfygonf/
Bar Chart
Bar Chart onfudef;*Pef;tcsuftvuf
(numerical data) rsm;udk pkpnf;wifjy&mwGifomru
tkyfpktrsdK;tpm; (category data) rsm;udk pkpnf;wifjy
&mwGifvnf; toHk;jyKEdkifonf/ bm;wef; (Bar) wpfck
onf tkyfpktrsdK;tpm;wpfckudk udk,fpm;jyKjcif;jzpfNyD;?
bm;wef; (Bar) &SnfvmonfESifhtrQ tqdkyg trsdK;
tpm;yg0ifrIta&twGuf rsm;vmjcif;jzpfygonf/
wpfenf;tm;jzifh xyfBudrf (frequency) rsm;avav
jzpfygonf/
txufyg Z,m;wGifazmfjyxm;onfh udef;
*Pef;rsm;udk Munfhrnfqdkygu rnfonfh udef;*Pef;u
BuD;onf (odkY) i,fonfudk vQyfwpfjyuf avhvm&ef
cufcJaomfvnf; bm;wef;rsm;udk Munfhrnfqdkygu
rnfonfhbm;wef;u &Snfonf (odkY) wdkonfudk vQyf
wpfjyuftwGif; avhvmEdkifrnfjzpfonf/ xdkYaMumifh
rnfonfhtkyfpktrsdK;tpm;u yg0ifrIrsm;onf (odkY)
enf;onfudkom azmfjyvdkygu Bar Chart jzifh azmfjy
Edkifygonf/
Pie Chart
Pie Chart onfvnf; udef;*Pef;tcsuftvuf
(numerical data) rsm;udk pkpnf; wifjy&mwGifomru
tkyfpktrsdK;tpm; (category data) rsm;udk pkpnf;wifjy
&mwGifvnf; toHk;jyKEdkifonf/ Pie Chart onf puf0dkif;
pdwfydkif;enf;jzpfNyD;? pkpkaygif;yrmPtay: rlwnf NyD;
trsdK;tpm;wpfckcsif;pD\ yg0ifrIudk &mcdkifEIef; (%) jzifh
azmfjyjcif;jzpfonf/ xdkYaMumifh pkpkaygif;yrmPtay:
rlwnfNyD; rnfonfhtrsdK;tpm;onf yg0ifrI&mcdkifEIef;
(%) rnfrQ enf;onf^ rsm;onfudk azmfjyvdkygu Pie
20
2018 ckESpf? atmufwdkbm-Edk0ifbm-'DZifbm
pDrĤ zGHUNzdK;*sme,f
Chart jzifh azmfjyavh&Sdygonf/
(Oyrm? ausmif;om;wpfOD;taejzifh rdrdtdrfrS
axmufyHhonfh aiGyrmPonf rsm;onfjzpf aomfvnf;
ausmif;p&dwf? usL&Sifvc? pma&;ud&d,m 0,f,lrI?
ferry aMu;? ausmif;0wfpHkzd k;? oma&;ema&;p&dwf
ponfwdkYudk z,fxkwfvdkufygu rdrdtrSefwu,f oHk;pGJ
&onfhrkefYzdk; (aiGaMu;) onf rnfrQom&Sdawmhonf
(enf;vGef;onf) udk rdbrsm;xHodkY wifjyrnfqdkygu
Pie Chart jzifh wifjy&rnfjzpfygonf)
Line Graph
Line Graph onf Time Series (tcsdefjyudef;pOf)?
wpfenf;tm;jzifh tcsdef (rdepf? em&D? &uf? v? ESpf
ponfjzifh) ESifh ,SOfwGJazmfjyxm;onfh udef;pOfrsm;udk
o½kyfazmf wifjyvdkonfhtcg toHk;jyKavh&Sdygonf/
udef;*Pef;tcsuftvuf (numerical data) rsm;udk
pkpnf;wifjy&mwGifom toHk;jyKavh&SdNyD; t"dutm;jzifh
tvm;tvmrsOf; (Trend) udk avhvmvdkonfhtcg
toHk;jyK&rnfjzpfygonf/ (udef;&Sifwpfckudk tcsdef
umvtay:rlwnfí jzpfay:ajymif;vJrIudk umv&Snf
avhvmjcif;jzpfonf)
Scatter Diagram
Scatter Diagram onf udef;*Pef;tcsuf
tvuf (numerical data) rsm;udk pkpnf; wifjy&mwGifom
toHk;jyKavh&SdNyD;? udef;&Sif (variable) ESpfck\ qufpyf
rIudk avhvmvdkonfh tcg toHk;jyKavh&Sdygonf/
wpfenf;tm;jzifh uif;vGwfudef;&Sif (independent
variable-X) ESifh rSDcdkudef;&Sif (dependent variable-Y)
wdkY\ qufpyfrIudk avhvmvdkonfhtcg Scatter Dia-
gram udk MunfhNyD; qHk;jzwfEdkifonf/
Scatter Diagram wGif tpufwpfckonf
uif;vGwfudef;&Sif (independent variable-X) ESifh rSDcdk
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jzpfNyD;? tqdkygtpufrsm;onf vuf,mbufodkY rsOf;
21
twJG(5)? trSwf-4
pDrĤ zGHUNzdK;*sme,f
wpfaMumif;toGifjzifh axmifwufoGm;ygu udef;&Sif
X ESifh udef;&Sif Y wdkY\ qufpyfrIonf wdkuf½dkufqufpyfrI
tvGeftm;aumif;jcif; (positive strongly relationship)
[kokH;oyfEdkifNyD; (udef;&Sif X wufonfESifhtrQ udef;&Sif
Y onfvnf; vdkufwufrnfjzpfon f)? tqdkyg tpuf
rsm;onf vuf,mbufodkY rsOf;wpfaMumif; toGifjzifh
pdkufqif;oGm;yguudef;&Sif X ESifh udef;&Sif Y wdkY\
qufpyfrIonf ajymif;jyefqufpyfrI tvGeftm;aumif;
jcif; (negative strongly relationship) [koHk;oyfEdkif
onf (udef;&Sif X wufonfESifhtrQ udef;&Sif Y onf
usqif;vmrnfjzpfygonf)/
odkYaomf tqdkygtpufrsm;onf jyefYBuJaeygu
udef;&Sif X ESifh udef;&Sif Y wdkY\ qufpyfrIr&Sd[k oHk;oyf
& rnfjzpfonf/ wpfenf;tm;jzifh udef;&Sif X \ wuf
jcif;^ usjcif;onf udef;&Sif Y \ wufjcif;^usjcif;ESifh
vHk;0rywfoufaMumif; oHk;oyfEdkifonf/
(Oyrm? pmMunfhcsdef (x) ESifh &rSwf (y)? a&mif;
tm; (x) ESifh tjrwf (y) ponfwdkY\ qufpyfrIudk
avhvmvdkygu Scatter Diagram jzifh avhvm&rnf
jzpfygonf)
xdkYaMumifh ynm&yfydkif;qdkif&m^ vkyfief;ydkif;
qdkif&mwifjyrI (Presentation) rsm;wGif xyfBudrfjy
Z,m; (frequency distribution) rsm;jzifh azmfjyonf
omru Chart & Graph wdkYjzifh azmfjyjcif;onf em;
axmifol (participants/audiences) wdkYtwGuf ydkrdk
vG,fulpGm em;vnfEdkifapa&;twGuf taxmuftuljyK
rnfjzpfygonf/
odkYaomf wifjyrI (Presentation) rsm;wGif
Chart & Graph wdkYjzif h azmfjyonfjzpfaomfvnf;
tcsuftvufESifh rudkufnDonfh Chart & Graph udk
toHk;jyKrnfqdkygu tqdkyg wifjyrIonf t"dyÜm,f
vGJrSm;aom wifjyrIomjzpfrnfjzpfojzifh vGJrSm;rI r&Sd
apa&;twGuf Chart & Graph rsm; toHk;jyK&mwGif txl;
*½kpdkufEdkif&ef aumufEkwfwifjyjcif; jzpfygonf/
22
2018 ckESpf? atmufwdkbm-Edk0ifbm-'DZifbm
pDrĤ zGHUNzdK;*sme,f
EdkifiHwpfck zGHYNzdK;wdk;wufrIudk wdkif;wm&mwGif oufqdkif&mu@tvdkuf tñTef;udef;rsm;udk wdkif;wm
wGufcsuftokH;jyK azmfjyavh&SdMuygonf/ EdkifiHwpfEdkifiHwGif pD;yGm;a&;vkyfief; aqmif&Guf&ef rnfrQtqifajy
vG,fulpGm aqmif&GufEdkifrI&Sdjcif;udk Ease of Doing Business Index jzifhvnf;aumif;? EdkifiHtvdkuf ukefoG,frIqdkif&m
Logistics vkyfief;pOfrsm;udkaqmif&Guf&mwGif awGYBuHK&onfhpdefac:rI ESifh tcGifhtvrf;rsm;tay: &ifqdkifEdkifpGrf;ESifh
ydkrdkaumif; rGefaom pGrf;aqmifEdkifrIrsm; jzpfay:wdk;wufvm&eftwGuf EdkifiHtvdkuf axmufyHhjznfhqnf; pDrHaqmif
&GufEdkifrItñTef;udef;tjzpf Logistics Performance Index (LPI) udkvnf;aumif; ppfwrf;aumuf,lwGufcsuf
um azmfjyavh&SdMuygonf/ tqdkyg tnTef;udef;rsm;ESifh qufpyfvsuf&SdNyD;? EdkifiHwpfck\ yifv,fa&aMumif;
ukefpnfukefoG,fpD;qif;rI (txl;ojzifh ukefaowåmukefpnfukefoG,fEdkifrI) rnfrQaqmif&GufEdkifonfudk
udk,fpm;jyKEdkif&eftwGuf Liner Shipping Connectivity Index (LSCI) udk wdkif;wmowfrSwftokH;jyKavh&SdMuyg
onf/
t&if;cHtaMumif;w&m;rsm;yifv,fa&aMumif;ydkYaqmifa&;onf tjynfjynfqdkif&mukefoG,frIu@wGif t"duusonfhtcef;rS
yg0ifvsuf&Sdygonf/ UNCTAD1 rScefYrSef;csuft& urÇmwpf0Srf;ukefpnfydkYaqmifrI xkxnfyrmPpkpkaygif;\
80% cefYonf a&aMumif;ukefpnfydkYaqmifrIenf;vrf;udk okH;pGJvsuf&SdaMumif; azmfjyxm;ygonf/ a&aMumif;
ukefpnfydkYaqmifrIwGif ukefaowÅmjzifh xnfhoGif;ydkYaqmifonfh o,f,lydkYaqmifrIenf;vrf;onf ESpfpOf wdk;wuf
vsuf&Sdonfudk awGY&ygonf/
23
ykH (1) wGif Munfh&Iygu 1996 ckESpfrS 2018
ckESpftxd urÇmhukefaowÅm ukefoG,frI ESpfpOfwdk;wuf
vmrIudk awGY&SdEdkifygonf/ 2009 ckESpfwpfESpfwnf;
wGifom urÇmvkH;qdkif&m aiGaMu;tusyftwnf;
(Global financial crisis) \ aemufqufwGJaMumif h
tenf;i,f usqif;cJhjcif;jzpfygonf/
urÇmhbPf\ rl0g'okawoe vkyfief;pmpOf
trSwf (6309) wGif pma&;ol Jean-François Arvis ESifh pma&;azmfrsm;a&;om;onfh “Trade Costs in the
Developing World: 1995~2010” wGif EdkifiHaygif; 178
EdkifiHrS&&Sdonfh tcsuftvufrsm;udk okawoejyKcsuf
t& EdkifiHwumukefoG,frIwGif a&aMumif;o,f,l
ydkYaqmifjcif; qufoG,faqmif&GufEdkifrI (maritime
transport connectivity) ESifh axmufyHhjznfhqnf;pDrH
aqmif&Gufjcif;pGrf;aqmifrI (Logistics Performance)
wdkYonf ukefoG,frIp&dwfenf;jcif;^ rsm;jcif; jzpfay:rI
tay: tqkH;tjzwfjyK&mwGif tvGefta&;ygaom
tajccH taMumif;w&m;ESpfckjzpfaMumif; azmfjyxm;yg
onf/
ukefpnfydkYaqmifrIp&dwfrsm; MuD;jrifhjcif;onf
jrefrmEdkifiHtygt0if zGHYNzdK;qJEdkifiHrsm;\ xkwfukef
ypönf;rsm;tm; zGHYNzdK;NyD;EdkifiHrsm;rS xkwfukefypönf;rsm;ESifh
urÇmhaps;uGufwGif ,SOfNydKif&mü rsm;pGm t[efYtwm;
jzpfaponfh taMumif;&if;wpf&yfjzpfygonf/ a&
aMumif;o,f,l ydkYaqmifqufoG,frIudk ydkrdkaumif;rGef
atmif pDrHaqmif&GufEdkifrSom urÇmhukefxkwfvkyfrI
uGif;qufrsm; (Global Production Chains) wGif atmif
jrifpGm yg0ifEdkifrnfjzpfNyD; EdkifiHawmf\ ukefoG,fpD;yGm;
vnf; wdk;wufvmrnfjzpfygonf/
tquftoG,faumif;rGefatmif aqmif&Guf
jcif;? ydkYaqmifa&;ukefusp&dwf avsmhenf; atmifaqmif
&Gufjcif;ESifh ukefoG,frI vG,fulacsmarGYapa&; yHhydk;rI
t*Fg&yfrsm; jynfhpkHatmif aqmif&Gufjcif;wdkYjzifh EdkifiH\
pD;yGm;a&;udk wdk;wufatmif aqmif&GufEdkifrnfjzpfyg
onf/
odkYjzpfygí EdkifiHwdk;wuf&ef tzufzufu
pOf;pm;aqmif&Guf BudK;pm;ae&onfhtcsdef wGif EdkifiH
wumukefoG,frIwGif ta&;ygonfh tcef;u@rSyg0if
aom ukefaowÅmoabFmvdkif;rsm;jzifh yifv,fa&
aMumif; ukefoG,fcsdwfqufaqmif&GufrIqdkif&m tñTef;
udef;jzpfonfh Liner Shipping Connectivity Index
(LSCI) udk od&Sdem;vnfjyD; ydkrdkaumif;rGefatmif pOf;pm;
aqmif&GufMu&ef vdktyfrnfjzpfygonf/
LSCI pwiftokH;jyKjcif;Liner Shipping Connectivity Index (LSCI) \
ordkif;aMumif;udk jyefajymif;Munfh½Irnfqdkygu ukef
aowÅmjzifh ukefpnfydkYaqmifrIvkyfief;pwifcJhonfh
ordkif;aMumif;jzifh qufpyfvsuf&Sdonfudk awGY&yg
onf/ ukefaowÅmjzifh ukefpnfydkYaqmifrIudk 1956
ckESpfwGif pwif wDxGifaqmif&GufcJhojzifh 2006 ckESpf
wGif a&T&wkwdkifcJhNyD;jzpfygonf/ a&T&wkrwdkifrD (2)
ESpf tvdk 2004 ckESpfrSpwifí ukefaowÅm o,f,l
ydkYaqmifa&;vkyfief;ESifh ywfoufNyD; ESpf (50) ajrmuf
arG;aeYyGJtwGuf BudKwifjyifqifMuonfh vkyfief;pOfrsm;
pwifaqmif&GufcJhMuygonf/ tqdkygvkyfief;pOfrsm;
wGif urÇmhEdkifiHtESHY ajy;qGJvsuf&Sdonfh ukefaowÅm
oabFmvdkif;uGef&ufrsm;tMum; oufqdkif&mEdkifiHrsm;
tvdkuf aqmif&GufEdkifrItay: tqifhtvdkuf cGJjcm;jyo
Edkif&eftwGuf tñTef;udef;wGufcsufrIudk UNCTAD rS
pwif BuHpnf aqmif&GufcJhMujcif;jzpfygonf/
24
2018 ckESpf? atmufwdkbm-Edk0ifbm-'DZifbm
pDrĤ zGHUNzdK;*sme,f
UNCTAD rS avhvmawGY&Sdcsufrsm;t& ouf
qdkif&mEdkifiH\qdyfurf;rsm;wGif ajy;qGJ aqmif&Gufvsuf
&S donfh ukefaowÅmoabFmvdkif;rsm;ta&twGuf
rsm;avav? a&aMumif;ukef o,fcp&dwf avsmhenf;
avavjzpfaMumif; od&Sd&ygonf/ a&aMumif;ESifh ukef
aowÅm ydkYaqmifrIrSm wpfEdkifiHESifhwpfEdkifiH wdkuf½dkuf
csdwfqufjcif;&SdouJhodkY? Mum;EdkifiHqdyfurf;rsm;udk
tokH;jyK NyD; wpfqifhcH o,f,lydk YaqmifrI (Trans-
shipment) jzifh aqmif&Guf&onfrsm;vnf; &Sdygonf/
urÇmhEdkifiHtoD;oD;tMum; ukefaowÅmo,f,lydkYaqmif
rI \ 80% cefYrSm wpfqifhcH ydkYaqmifrIrsm;jzpfMuygonf/
xdkhaMumifh wpfEdkifiHrS tjcm;wpfEdkifiHodkY ukefaowÅm
ydkhaqmifrIpkpkaygif;\ 20% cefhom wdkuf½dkufo,faqmif
rIjzpfjyD;? usef 80% cefYrSm tenf;qkH;wpfae&mwGif
Trans-shipment aqmif&Guf&jcif; (odkYr[kwf) wpf
ae&mxuf ydkí Trans-shipment aqmif&Gufjcif;jzifh
o,f,lydkYaqmif&jcif; jzpfygonf/
odkYjzpfygí EdkifiHwpfEdkifiHrS ukefaowåm ukef
pnftm; ydkYaqmifvdk&mc&D;qkH;EdkifiHodkY rnfonfhvrf;
aMumif;rsm;aygif;pyfrIjzifh tjrefqkH;ESifh ukefusp&dwf
toufomqkH; ydkYaqmifay;Edkifrnfudk wGufcsuf&mwGif
tqdkygEdkifiHwGif ukefaowÅmoabFmvdkif;rsm; rnfonfh
tcsdefZ,m;rsm;jzifh rnfodk Yajy;qGJaeonfqdkonfh
tajctaeay:wGif rsm;pGmwnfrSDvsuf&Sdygonf/
LSCI wGufcsufrIwGifyg0ifonfUu@rsm;2004 ckESpfrSpwifNyD; LSCI EdkifiHtvdkuf wGuf
csufrIwGif taMumif;tcsuf (9) cktay: tajccHwGuf
csufcJhaomfvnf;? 2005 ckESpfrSpwifum atmufyg
taMumif;t&m (5) &yfESifh ywfoufjyD; &&Sdonfhtcsuf
tvufrsm;ay:wGif rlwnfí UNCTAD rS ,aeYtxd
ESpfpOfqufvufwGufcsufjyD; tifwmeuf pmrsufeSm
http://stats.unctad.org/LSCI wGif azmfjyay;vsuf
&Sdygonf -
(u) ajy;qGJcJhonfh ukefaowÅmoabFm ta&twGuf
(number of ships);
(c) ajy;qGJcJhonfh ukefaowÅm oabFmrsm;rS ESpfpOf
o,faqmifEdkifonfh ukefaowÅm ta& twGuf
(the total annual container-carrying capacity
of those ships);
(*) tBuD;qkH;ajy;qGJcJhonfh oabFm\t&G,ftpm;
(the maximum vessel size);
(C) ajy;qGJvsuf&Sdaom ukefaowÅm oabFmvdkif;
vrf;aMumif;ta&twGuf (the number of
services);
(i) ukefaowÅmoabFmvdkif; vkyfief; aqmif&Guf
vsuf&Sdonfh ukrÜPDta&twGuf (the number
of companies that deploy container ships on
services from and to a country’s ports)
azmfjyygtaMumif;t&m (5) &yfwGif yxr
tcsufjzpfonfh ukefaowÅmoabFmta&twGuf
aumuf,lrIonf &dk;&Sif;NyD; wdkuf&dkufaumuf,lEdkifonfh
udef;*Pef;trsK d;tpm;jzpfygonf/ oabFmta&
twGuf rsm;rsm;ajy;qGJrI&Sdavav tqdkygEdkifiHtaejzifh
a&aMumif;ukefoG,fcsdwfqufaqmif&GufEdkifrIrsm;
avav [k a,bk,swGufqEdkifygonf/
'kwd,tcsufjzpfonfh ajy;qGJcJhonfh ukef
aowÅmoabFmrsm;rS ESpfpOfo,faqmifEdkifonfh ukef
aowÅm ta&twGufonfvnf; yxrtcsufjzpfonfh
oabFmta&twGufESifh qufpyfvsuf&Sdygonf/ ykHrSef
tm;jzifh oabFmta&twGufrsm;avav pkpkaygif;
o,faqmifEdkifonfh ukefaowÅmta&twGufvnf;
rsm;jym;rnfjzpfygonf/ odkYaomf oabFmta&twGuf
rsm;aomfvnf; t&G,ftpm;i,fonfh oabFmrsm;
rsm;jym;onfhudpö&yfrsKd;? oabFmta&twGuf enf;
aomfvnf; t&G,ftpm;BuD;rm;onfh oabFmrsm;
yg0ifrIrsm;onfh udpö&yfrsKd;rsm;vnf;&Sdwwfojzifh
trSefwu,f o,faqmifEdkifrnfh ukefaowÅm ta&
twGufudk od&SdwGufcsufEdkif&ef vdktyfygonf/
wwd,tcsufjzpfonfh tMuD;qkH;ajy;qGJcJh
onfh oabFm\t&G,ftpm;rSm tqdkygEdkifiH qdyfurf;\
25
twJG(5)? trSwf-4
pDrĤ zGHUNzdK;*sme,f
tajccHtaqmuftODESifh oufqdkifonfh udpö&yfjzpfyg
onf/ qdyfurf;\ a&teuf? rnfrQBuD;rm;onfh
oabFmudk vufcHEdkifonfh tajctae? qdyfurf;rS
vufcHEdkifonfh tajctae&Sdaomfvnf; trSefwu,f
oabFmMuD;rsm; vma&mufjcif;&Sd^ r&Sd ponfwdkYtay:
wGif rlwnfrnfjzpfygonf/ þae&mwGif a&aMumif;ESifh
ukef;vrf;yd k YaqmifrI qufpyfpOf;pm;rIwpfckud k
qufvufwifjyvdkygonf/ ukefaowÅm oabFmMuD;
wpfpif;onf ukefaowÅm tvkH;a& 10000 wifaqmif
EdkifonfqdkygpdkY/ tqdkygukefaowÅmrsm; qdyfurf;wGif
csxm;ygu ukef;bufodkY o,f,lydkYaqmifEdkif&ef ukef
aowÅmwif armfawmf,mOftpD; 10000 vdktyfrnfjzpf
NyD; ,mOfarmif;ta&twGufvnf; 10000 OD; tokH;jyK&
rnfjzpfygonf/ xdkYaMumifh oabFm\ t&G,ftpm;udk
Munfh½Ijcif;jzif h oufqdkif&mqdyfurf;\ tajccH
taqmuftODomru qdyfurf; aemufcHa'orsm;txd
o,f,lydkYaqmif csdwfqufaqmif&GufEdkifrI rnfrQtxd
tqifoifhjzpfEdkifonfudkyg wGufqEdkifrnfh tcsufjzpf
ygonf/
pwkw¬tcsufjzpfonfh ajy;qGJvsuf&Sdaom
ukefaowÅm oabFmvdkif;vrf;aMumif;ta&twGufrSm
uGef&ufozG,f qufpyfaqmif&GufEdkifrI rnfrQ&Sdonfudk
azmfjyEdkif&efjzpfygonf/ Oyrmtm;jzifh NrdKUjywGif Bus
um;vdkif;rsm;? ajratmuf&xm;vdkif;rsm; uGef&uf
ozG,f wnfaqmufajy;qGJrI rsm;avav rdrdoGm;vdk
aom c&D;twGuf twdkqkH;ESifh toufomqkH; vrf;
aMumif;rsm;udk a&G;cs,fqufpyf tokH;jyKoGm;vmEdkifav
av jzpfygonf/
yÍörESifh aemufqkH;tcsufwpfckjzpfonfh ukef
aowÅmoabFmvdkif; vkyfief; aqmif&Gufvsuf&Sdonfh
ukrÜPDta&twGufrSm wpfcgwpf&HwGif ukrÜPDta&
twGufESifh oabFmvdkif; ta&twGuf wlnDaomfvnf;?
ukrÜPDwpfckwnf;u wpfckxufydkonfh oabFmvdkif;
rsm;udk pDrHaqmif&Gufvsuf&Sdonfh EdkifiHrsm;vnf;
awGY&avh&Sdygonf/
LSCI wGufcsufrIenf;pOfLSCI \yrmPwGufcsufrIudk aqmif&Guf&m
wGif yg0ifonfhtaMumif;t&m (5) &yf tay: wpfckjcif;
tvdkuf &&Sdonfhta&twGuf tenf;trsm;twdkif;
EdkifiHrsm;udk wGufcsufjcif;jzpfygonf/ EdkifiHwpfEdkifiH
twGuf taMumif;t&m (5) &yftay: wGufcsuf&&Sdonfh
yrmPrsm;udk ysrf;rQudef;wGufcsufum ysrf;rQwefzdk;
trsm;qkH;&&Sdonfh EdkifiH\yrmPESifh ydkif;ajcjyKaqmif
&Gufygonf/ xdkodkYaqmif&Gufjcif;jzifh yrmPtrsm;qkH;
&&Sdonfh EdkifiHonf udef;jynfh (1) &&SdNyD; usefEdkifiHrsm;rSm
udef;jynfh (1) xufi,faom 'órudef;*Pef;rsm;
&&SdMuygonf/
pwifwGufcsufonfh 2004 ckESpfwGif wGuf
csufrI*Pef;ocFsm nDrQjcif;rSm atmufyg twdkif;jzpfyg
onf -
nDrQjcif;wGifyg0ifonfh “ i ” rSm EdkifiHudk &nf
ñTef;NyD; “ c ” rSm wGufcsufrIwGifyg0ifonfh taMumif;
t&m (5) &yfudk &nfñTef;ygonf/
xdkYaMumifh LSCI wGufcsufrI\ ueOD;ESpfjzpf
aom 2004 ckESpfwGif trSwf&&SdrI tjrifhqkH; EdkifiHjzpfonfh
w½kwfEdkifiHonf ñTef;udef;trSwf (100) &&SdcJhjcif;jzpfyg
onf/ aemifESpfrsm;wGif ueOD;ESpf&&SdrItay: tajccHjyD;
qufvufwGufcsufaqmif&GufoGm;jcif; jzpfygonf/
Oyrmtm;jzifh 2007 ckESpftwGuf wGufcsufrI *Pef;
ocFsm nDrQjcif;tm; atmufwGifazmfjyxm;ygonf
2004 ckESpfrS pwifwGufcsuf azmfjycJhonfh
26
2018 ckESpf? atmufwdkbm-Edk0ifbm-'DZifbm
pDrĤ zGHUNzdK;*sme,f
LSCI tñTef;udef;&&SdrIudk avhvmEdkif&ef twGuf w½kwf
EdkifiH tygt0if EdkifiHtcsdKU\ trSwf&&SdrIudk ykH (2) wGif
azmfjyxm;onf/
jrefrmEdkifiHESifh LSCILSCI tñTef;udef; pwifwGufcsufonfh ueOD;
ESpfjzpfonfh 2004 ckESpfwGif EdkifiHaygif; (162) EdkifiH
yg0ifcJhNyD; jrefrmEdkifiH\ &yfwnfrIrSm tqifh (152) jzifh
&yfwnfcJhygonf/ (rSwfcsuf/ tqdkygwGufcsufrIrSm
taMumif;t&m (9) csuftay:wGif wGufcsufcJhjcif;
jzpfjyD; aemiftcgyg0ifonfh taMumif;t&m (5)
csuft& jyefvnfwGufcsufonfhtcg tqifh (139)
wGif jyefvnf&yfwnfcJhygonf/) jrefrmEdkifiH\ ESpf
tvdkuf&&SdcJhonfh LSCI ñTef;udef;&&SdrItrSwf &yfwnf
rItm; ykH (3) wGif azmfjyxm;ygonf/
jrefrmEdkifiH\ LSCI tñTef;udef;&yfwnfrI
tajctaeudk avhvmygu ESpftvdkuf wdk;wufrI &&SdcJh
onfh tajctaersm;udk awGY&ygonf/ aemufqkH; (3)
ESpftwGuf tqifh &yfwnfrIrSm 2016 ckESpfwGif tqifh
(95)? 2017 ckESpfwGif tqifh (119) ESifh 2018 ckESpfwGif
tqifh (102) wdkYjzpfMuygonf/
tqdkyg LSCI tñTef;udef;ESif h urÇmhtqifh
&yfwnfrIwdkYtm; qufpyfpOf;pm;Edkif&ef twGuf jrefrm
EdkifiH\ ukefaowÅmukefoG,frIESifh qufpyfonfh vuf&Sd
tajctaersm;udk qufvuf wifjyvdkygonf/
vuf&Sdtajctaetxd jrefrmEdkifiHwGif ukef
aowÅm oabFmrsm; qdkufuyf&yfem;Edkifonfh tjynf
jynfqdkif&m qdyfurf;rSm &efukefqdyfurf; wpfckwnf;om
jzpfygonf/ &efukef qdyfurf;wGif twGif;qdyfurf;a'o
(Inner Harbour Area) ESifh oDv0gurf;em;a'o
(Thilawa Terminal Area) [líyg0ifygonf/
&efukef qdyfurf;wGif ukefaowÅm qdyfurf;
wHwm;rsm;ESifh wpfNydKifwnf; &yfem;Edkifonfh aowÅm
oabFmtpif;a& yrmPrSm &efukefjrpfnmrS pwifa&
wGufygu atmufygtwdkif; awGU&ygonf-
tqdkyg ukefaowÅmqdyfurf;wHwm;rsm;rS
ESpftvdkufudkifwG,fcJhonfh ukefaowÅmta&twGuf
rSmatmufygtwdkif;jzpfygonf-
&efukefqdyfurf;odkY vuf&Sdajy;qGJvsuf&Sdaom
ukefaowÅmoabFmvdkif; ta&twGufrSm pkpkaygif;
(27) vdkif;jzpfNyD;? tqdkyg oabFmvdkif;rsm;rS pkpkaygif;
oabFm tpif;a&rSm (102) pif;jzifh 0efaqmifrIay;
aqmif&Gufvsuf&SdMuygonf/ tqdkyg oabFmrsm;wGif
27
twJG(5)? trSwf-4
pDrĤ zGHUNzdK;*sme,f
TEU 800 cefY o,faqmifEdkifonfh ACL oabFmvdkif; rS
MV.KOTA RATU uJhodkY oabFmrsm; yg0ifouJhodkY TEU
1700 cefYtxd o,faqmifEdkifonfh MCC TRANSPORT
oabFmvdkif;rS MV.MCC SEOUL uJhodkYaom oabFmrsm;
vnf; yg0ifygonf/ odkYaomfvnf; qdyfurf;\ a&pl;
uefYowfcsufESifh ydkYukef̂ oGif;ukef&&SdrI taetxm;t&
trsm;tm;jzifh oabFmrsm;rSm TEU 800 cefYom o,f
aqmif0if^xGufavh&SdMuygonf/
jrefrmEdkifiH &efukefqdyfurf;odk Y 0if^xGuf
vsuf&Sdaom ukefaowÅmoabFmrsm;ESifh ywfoufjyD;
oabFmvdkif;ta&twGufESifh ukefaowÅmoabFm ta&
twGuf (vpOfajy;qGJESifh &yfem;tygt0if) udk ykH (4)
wGif azmfjyxm;ygonf/
ed*kH;csKyfwifjycsufukefaowÅm o,f,lydkYaqmifrIonf yifv,f
a&aMumif; ukefpnfydkYaqmifrItwGuf omru rMumrD
umvwGif jzpfxGef;wdk;wufvmrnfh EdkifiHjzwfausmf
ukefpnfydkYaqmifrI (Cross Border Transport) twGufyg
ta&;ygonfh ukefoG,fydkYaqmifrI vkyfief;pOfwpfckjzpf
ygonf/
tqdkygukefaowÅm o,f,lydkYaqmifrI vkyfief;
pOfrsm; aumif;rGefpGm zGHYNzdK;wdk;wufEdkif&eftwGuf EdkifiH
\ qdyfurf;u@? tjynfjynfqdkif&m a&aMumif;ukefpnf
ydkYaqmifrIu@? ukef aowÅmoabFmvkyfief;rsm;u@?
tjcm;qufpyfukefoG,frIESifh yHhydk;rIu@ ponfhu@
toD;oD; [efcsufnDnDzGHYNzdK;wdk;wuf&ef vdktyfvsuf
&Sdygonf/ odkYrSom ukefpnfydkYaqmifrI ukefusp&dwfrsm;
oufomvmum EdkifiH\ xkwfukef ypönf;rsm;ESihf tjcm;
EdkifiHrsm;rS xkwfukefypönf;rsm;\ ,SOfNydKifEdkifrI tm;
omcsufudk &&SdEdkifrnfjzpfygonf/
,ck Liner Shipping Connectivity Index
(LSCI) uJhodk Yaom tñTef;udef;wGufcsufrIrsm;wGif
jrefrmEdkifiH\ &yfwnfrIrSm a'owGif;EdkifiHrsm;ESifh
EIdif;,SOfygu aemufrSvdkuf&onfh taetxm;wGif
a&muf&Sdvsuf&Sdonfudk awGY&ygonf/ u@tvdkuf
EdkifiHwumrS &if;ESD;jr§KyfESHrIrsm; 0ifa&muf&ef pOf;pm;Mu
onfhtcgwGifvnf; tqdkyg tñTef;udef;rsm;\ &rSwf̂
tqifh wGufcsufazmfjyrIrsm;udk Munfh&INyD; qkH;jzwfavh&Sd
Muygonf/
jrefrmEdkifiH zGHYNzdK;wdk;wufrItwGuf tzufzuf
rS aqmif&GufaecsdefwGif EdkifiH\ta&;MuD;aomu@
tvdkuf trSefwu,f aumif;rGefatmif Mudk;pm;wnf
aqmuf aqmif&GufMu&ef vdktyfouJhodkY oufqdkif&m
tñTef;udef;wGufcsufrIrsm;udkvnf; em;vnfod&Sdxm;
&ef vdktyfygonf/ odkYjzpfygí ukefaowåm oabFmvdkif;
rsm;jzifh yifv,fa&aMumif; ukefoG,fcsdwfquf aqmif
&GufrIqdkif&m tñTef;udef;jzpfonfh Liner Shipping
Connectivity Index (LSCI) taMumif;tm; avhvmpkpnf;
rdwfqufwifjyvdkufygonf/
Reference:à UNCTAD Transport Newsletter No. 27, First
Quarter 2005à UNCTAD Transport Newsletter No. 37, Third
Quarter 2007à Maritime Connectivity: UNCTAD’s liner shipping
connectivity indices by Jan Hoffmann & Marco Fugazza
à The Review of Maritime Transport 2018, à UNCTAD Liner Shipping Connectivity Index (LSCI)
http://stats.unctad.org/LSCIà Shipping Agency Department, Myanmar Port
Authority (MPA)à Trade Costs in the Developing World: 1995~2010
28
2018 ckESpf? atmufwdkbm-Edk0ifbm-'DZifbm
pDrĤ zGHUNzdK;*sme,f
ESpfaygif; (51) ESpf oufwrf;&Sd tmqD,Honf EdkifiHwumwGifzGJYpnf;
aom a'owGif; tjcm; tzGJYtpnf;rsm;ESifh rwluGJjym;um tzGJY0ifEdkifiHrsm;tMum;
a'owGif;jidrf;csrf;pGm tjyef tvSeftusKd;tjrwf jzpfxGef;a&;udk tav;xm;
aqmif&Gufaom tzGJYtpnf;jzpfonf/ xdkYaMumifh udk&D;,m;EdkifiHtygt0if
a'owGif;EdkifiHrsm;taejzifh u@pkHwGif tmqD,Hudk A[dkjyKum yl;aygif;
aqmif&GufrIrsm;udk tav;ay;aqmif&GufvmMuonf/ udk&D;,m;EdkifiH\
tmqD,Hay:xm;&Sdonfh rl0g'oabmw&m;rsm;udk avhvm&aomf-
tm&StwGuf or®wrGef;a*stif;\ EdkifiHjcm;a&;&mrl0g'udk&D;,m;or®wEdkifiH? or®wrGef;a*stif;\ 2017 ckESpf Edk0ifbmv
wGif oGma&mufcJhonfh tif'dkeD;&Sm;c&D;pOfwGif udk&D;,m;EdkifiHtaejzifh tmqD,H
a'owGif;EdkifiHrsm;? tde´d,EdkifiHwdkYESifh a'owGif;tusdK;wlpD;yGm;a&; ydkrdk
yl;aygif; aqmif&GufEdkifrnfh awmifydkif;qdkif&m rl0g'opf New Southern Policy-
NSP udk pwifrdwfqufcJhonf/
29
2017 ckESpf? ZlvdkifvwGif or®wrGef; tpdk;&
onf EdkifiH\OD;pm;ay; rl0g' (100) &yftm; xkwfjyef
cJhNyD; EdkifiHjcm;a&;rl0g'ESifh trsKd;om;vkHNcHKa&; aumfrwD
rS Northeast Asia Plus Community - NEAPC ESifhpyfvsOf;
onfh tpD&ifcHpm wpfapmifwifoGif;cJhonf/ xdk NEAPC
wGif tm&Sta&SUajrmufzsm; Nidrf;csrf;a&; rlabmif
Northeast Asia Peace Framework -NEAPF? ajrmufydkif;
qdkif&m rl0g'opf New Northern Policy- NNP ESifh
awmifydkif;qdkif&mrl0g'opf New Southern Policy- NSP
[k tpdwftydkif; (3) &yf yg0ifcJhonf/ NEAPF onf
Nidrf;csrf;a&;tm; tav;xm; aqmif&Gufrnfh rl0g'
jzpfNyD; NNP ESifh NSP rSm a'owGif;
tav;xm;onfhrl0g'udk aqmif&GufcJhonf/ vDajrmif
bwfvufxufwGif New Asia Initiative udk aqmif&GufcJh
aomfvnf; tmqD,Ha'owGif;xuf tm&S wdkuf
wpf0Srf;udkom &nf&G,fcJhonf/ xdkYaMumifh ¤if;vuf
xufwGif a'owGif;pD;yGm;a&; yl;aygif; aqmif½GufrI
xuf ukefpnfpD;qif;rIudkom azmfaqmifEdkifcJhNyD; udk&D;
,m;taejzifh tmqD,Ha'otm; aps;uGufwpfcktjzpf
om½IjrifcJhonf/
ywf*Grf[D;vufxufwGif Korean Peninsula
Trust Politik E S i f h Northeast Asia Peace and
Cooperation Initiative –NAPCI udkazmfaqmifcJ hNyD;
NAPCI \ vkyfief; pOfrsm;wGif tmqD,Honf avhvmol
taejzifhom yg0ifcJhonf/ xdkYaMumifh xdkor®w (3)
qufwGif udk&D;,m;uRef;qG,f\ wnfNidrfrIay:
rlwnfum tmqD,Htaejzifh EdkifiHa&;? pD;yGm;a&;? vlrI-
,Ofaus;rIwdkYwGif yl;aygif;aqmif&GufrIrsm;onf odom
xif&Sm;rI r&SdcJhacs/
or®wrGef;vufxuf 2017 ckESpf arvwGif
NSP udk w&m;0ifaMunmtNyD; tmqD,H- udk&D;,m;
pifwm-AKC wGifusif;ycJhonfh tmqD,HESifh udk&D;,m;
tqif h jrif ht&m&S d BuD;rsm; tpnf;ta0;wGif NSP
ESifhpyfvsOf;onfh tjynfjynfqdkif&m uGefz&ifhwGif
udk&D;,m; trsKd;om;oHwrefa&;&m tu,f'rD -KNDA
ESifhudk&D;,m; pD;yGm;a&;rl0g'odyÜH- KIEP zGifhvSpfjcif;
paom rl0g'qdkif&mudpörsm;udk aqmif&GufEdkifcJhonf/
xdkYjyif NSP \ &nf&G,fcsufjzpfaom jynfol? Nidrf;csrf;
a&;ESifh
rIonf tde´d,EdkifiHESifh csdwfqufaqmif&Guf&mwGif
wHwm;ozG,f csdwfqufEdkifrnfjzpfonf/ udk&D;,m;-
tmqD,H- tdEd́, okH;EdkifiH r[mAsL[majrmuf rdwfzuf
jyKjcif;jzifh tjynfjynfqdkif&m ukefpnfaumif;rGefpGm
pD;qif;rIESifh vkyfom;u@aygif;pnf;rIjzifh pOfquf
rjywf zGH YNzdK;rI&&Sdrnfjzpfonf/ xdk Yjyif a'owGif;
aygif;pnf;rIrSwpfqifh tar&duefEdkifiHESifh w½kwfEdkifiH
tMum; yx0DEdkifiHa&; tcuftcJrsm;ESifh ajrmufudk&D;
,m;\ xdk;ESufcsufrsm;udk avsmhenf;aprnfjzpfNyD;
tdE´ d,ork'´&mESif h ypdzdwfork'´&mwGif rnfonfh
yifv,fjyif vkHNcHKa&;ppfa&;avhusifhrIrsm;udk rqdk
xda&mufpGm wdk;jr§ifhavhusifhEdkifrnfjzpfonf/
vlrI-,Ofaus;rIESif h ESpfEd kifiHjynfolrsm;
tMum; tjyeftvSef qufoG,frI½IaxmifhrS Munfh aomf
udk&D;,m;EdkifiHtaejzifh yxr jynfolUa&;&mtajccHpDrH
c su f (2017-2021) First Basic Plan on Public
Diplomacy (2017-2021) t& ppfrSefí umv&SnfMum
ul;vl;qufoG,frI ydkrdkwdk;yGm;&ef aqmif&Gufvsuf&Sd
onf/
NSP udk taxmuftuljyKaprnfh tmqD,H-udk&D;,m;
pifwm -AKCESpfEdkifiHyl;aygif;aqmif&Gufa&;udk taxmuf
tuljyKaprnfh tmqD,H- udk&D;,m;pifwm -AKC onf
tpdk;&tzGJYtpnf;wpfckjzpfjyD; tmqD,H- udk&D;,m;
jynfolrsm;tMum; tjyeftvSefzvS,fonfh tpDtpOf
rsm;? pD;yGm;a&; vkyfief;rsm; azmfxkwfjcif;? t&nftaoG;
jr§ifhwifa&; tpDtpOfrsm;? owif;tcsuftvufrsm;tm;
jynfolodkY todynmay;jcif; paom vlrI-,Ofaus;rI
qufEG,fa&;ESifh pyfvsOf;aom tawGYtBuHKaumif;
rsm;pGm&Sdonfh tmqD,H tzGJY0if (10) EdkifiHrS oHtrwfBuD;
rsm;yg0ifaom tBuHay;aumfrwD jzpfonf/
xdk YaMumifh tmqD,H- udk&D;,m; yl;aygif;
aqmif&Gufa&;ESifh NSP udk tm;ay;jr§ifhwifvdkygu AKC
\&yfwnfcsufESifh tcGifhta&;udk tm;ay;jr§ifhwifoifh
onf/ odkYrSom AKC onf EdkifiHcsif;qufEG,fonfh vkyf
ief;pOfrsm;tm; tm;aumif;cdkifrmpGm vkyfief;taumif
txnf azmfaqmif&Gufaeonfh oufqdkif&mtzGJYrsm;ESifh
tmqD,HtzGJY0if EdkifiHrsm;tMum; tjyeftvSefem;vnfrI
jzifh csdwfqufaqmif&GufEdkifrnfjzpfNyD; EdkifiHa&; tcuf
tcJrsm;ESifh rnDrQcsufrsm;tm; avQmhcsEdkifrnfjzpfonf/
vuf&SdtcsdefwGif udk&D;,m;EdkifiHtaejzifh EdkifiH
wumESifh a'owGif;ajymif;vJrIrsm;tMum; vdkufavsm
nDaxG&Sdap&ef BudK;yrf;rIwpf&yftjzpf NSP udk a&;qGJ
vsuf&Sd&m tjcm;a'owGif; tiftm;BuD; yav,mEdkifiH
rsm;tMum; tcsKdUaompdefac:rIrsm;? EdkifiHa&; &yfwnf
rIESifh jynfolrsm;tMum; uGm[csufudk tajz&Sm&ef vdk
tyfrnfjzpfonf/ odkYrSom NSP onf udk&D;,m;-
tmqD,H ESpfEdkifiHtodkuft0ef; wnfaqmufrIudk tm;
jznfha&;? jynfolYoHwrefa&;&mtpDtpOfcsdwfquf
aqmif&Gufa&;ESifh ordkif;rSwfwdkifopf pdkufxla&;ESifh
tmqD,Hay:xm;&Sdonfh yl;aygif;aqmif&GufrI ajcvSrf;
opftm; atmifjrifpGm azmfaqmifEdkifrnfjzpfonf/
vmrnfh 2019 ckESpfwGif tmqD,HESifh udk&D;,m;EdkifiH\
ESpf (30) ajrmuf txdrf;trSwfudk usif;yrnf jzpf&m
NSP onf udk&D;,m;Ed kifiHESif h tmqD,Hwdk YtMum;
aumif;rGefaom tem*wfudk zefwD;Edkif&ef taxmuftul
jyKrnfh rl0g'jzpfygonf/
rSDjirf;
à Overview of ASEAN-Republic of Korea Dialogue
Relations (16 August 2018)
à Korea’s New Southern Policy towards ASEAN:
Context and Direction, Jaehyon Lee (Asan Institute
for Policy Studies)
à Seksan Anantasirikiat, South Korea’s New
Southern Policy in Making and The Way Forward
(July 12, 2018)
à Richard Stubbs, ASEAN’s leadership in East Asian
region-building: strength in weakness
32
2018 ckESpf? atmufwdkbm-Edk0ifbm-'DZifbm
pDrĤ zGHUNzdK;*sme,f
t"dutcsuf 2 csuf
tmqD,HtvSnfhus Ouú|jzpfaom pifumyl
EdkifiHonf 'pf*spfw,fpD;yGm;a&;udk ydkrdktm½Hkpdkufvsuf&Sd
onf/ 'pf*spfw,fpD;yGm;a&;onf ydkrdkaygif;pnf; atmif
jrifaom tmqD,HpD;yGm;a&;todkuft0ef; (AEC) udk
taumiftxnfazmf&eftwGuf aomhcsufusonfh wGef;
tm;wpf&yf (key driver) jzpfvmEdkifonf/
2018 ckESpftwGuf tmqD,HOuú|jzpfaom
pifumylonf t"dutcsuf 2 csufudk aqmif&Guf
oGm;rnfjzpfaMumif; ajymMum;onf/ yxrtcsufrSm
jyefvnfEdk;xEdkifpGrf; (Resitience) jzpfNyD; 'kwd,
tcsufrSm qef;opfajymif;vJjcif; (Innovation) jzpf
onf/ jyefvnfEdk;xEdkifpGrf;qdkonfrSm jzpfay:vmonfh
'Pfrsm;jzpfaom tMurf;zufrI (Terrorism)? qdkufbm
rIcif; (Cyber Crime) ESifh &moDOwkajymif;vJrIwdkYudk
BuHUBuHUcHEdkifNyD; jyefvnf ½kef;xEdkifpGrf;&Sdonfh pD;yGm;a&;
udk qdkvdkonf/ qef;opfajymif;vJjcif;onf enf;ynm
udk toHk;jyKjcif;tm;jzifh qef;opfwDxGifajymif;vJrI&Sdaom
pD;yGm;a&;udk qdkvdkygonf/ 2018 ckESpf\ tmqD,H
Ouú|onf tmqD,HtzGJU0ifEdkifiHrsm;\ 'pf*spfw,f
pD;yGm;a&;udk tqifhjr§ifhwifoGm;rnf jzpfonf/ odkYrSom
a&&Snfwdk;wufrIudk&&SdNyD; urÇmwpf0ef; ,SOfNydKifEdkif
pGrf;&Sdaoma'oudk zefwD;Edkifrnf jzpfygonf/
xd k Ya Mumif h 'pf*sp fw,fpD;y Gm;a&;onf
tmqD,HEdkifiHrsm;xHodk Y o,faqmifvmrnfh tcGifh
tvrf;rsm;udk od&Sdxm;&ef vdktyfonf/ xkdYjyif tmqD,H
ESifh 'pf*spfw,f pD;yGm;a&;Mum;wGif&Sdaom t[efYtwm;
rsm; (Roadlocks) ud kvnf; azm fxkwf&ygrnf/
qufvufí xda&mufaom ay:vpDa&;qGJcsrSwfEdkif
a&;udk aqmif &Guf&rnfjzpfonf/ odk Yaomfvnf;
txufazmfjyyg vdktyfcsufrsm;udk aqmif&GufEdkif&ef
twGuf vuf&Sd 'pf*spfw,fpD;yGm;a&;\ tajctaeESifh
tvm;tvm wkdYudk od&Sdem;vnf&efta&;BuD;ygonf/
tmqD,H\ 'pf*spfw,fpD;yGm;a&;tmqD,Honf tm;aumif;onfha'oqdkif&m
pD;yGm;a&;ESif h aumif;rGefaom vlOD;a&tcsKd;tpm;
&Sdonfhtjyif owif;tcsuftvufESifh qufoG,fa&;
qdkif&m &if;ESD;jr§KyfESHrIrsm;ukdvnf; aqmif&Gufxm;
onf/ þtcsufrsm;aMumifh tmqD,Honf 'pf*spfw,f
pD;yGm;a&;ydkif;wGif urÇmvHk;qdkif&mOD;aqmifEdkifrnfh
a'o (Potential Global Leader) jzpfvmEdkifonf/
tmqD,Honf pkpkaygif; GDP tar&duef
a':vm 2 'or 5 x&DvD,H&SdNyD; urÇmhq|rajrmuf
pD;yGm;a&;tiftm;tBuD;rm;qHk;jzpfonf/ pkpkaygif;
vlOD;a& 628 oef;&SdNyD; urÇmhvlOD;a&\ 10 &mcdkifEIef;
&Sdygonf/ xdkYjyif touf 30 ESpfatmuf vlOD;a&rSm
33
40 &mckdifEIef;&SdNyD; ¤if;vli,frsm;\ 90 &mcdkifEIef;onf
tifwmeufoHk;pGJvsuf&Sdygonf/ tqdkygvli,frsm;
onf ICT enf;ynmudk uRrf;usifem;vnfMuaom
aMumifh a'o\ 'pf*spfw,fpD;yGm;a&;wdk;wufrIudk rsm;
pGm taxmuftuljyKrnfholrsm;jzpfonf/ ¤if;wdkYonf
aps;0,fjcif;? bPfvkyfief;? [dkw,frsm;ESifh BudKwif
csdwfqufjcif;tjyif tiSm;,mOfwuúpDrsm; csdwfquf
iSm;&rf;jcif;wkdYudk tifwmeuftoHk;jyKí aqmif&Gufae
Muolrsm;vnf;jzpfonf/
vuf&SdtcsdefumvwGif tmqD,HESifh 'pf*spf
w,fpD;yGm;a&;onf ESpfpOftar&duefa':vm 150
bDvD,HeD;yg;&&Sdatmif zefwD;ay;aeygonf/ &aiG
trsm;pkudk uGef&ufcsdwfqufrI (Connectivity) ESifh
tGefvdkif; 0efaqmifrI (Online Services) wdkYrS &&Sdygonf/
uGef&ufcsdwfqufrIESifh tGefvdkif;0efaqmifrIwkdYrS 35
&mcdkifEIef;pD &&SdaomaMumifh pkpkaygif;&aiG\ 70
&mcdkifEIef;udk &&Sdaeygonf/ xdkYaemuf User Interface
rS pkpkaygif;&aiG\ 20 &mcdkifEIef;&&Sdygonf/ User
Interface wGif Devices, Software ESifh System wdkYyg0if
onf/ pkpkaygif; &aiG\ usef&Sdaom 10 &mcdkifEIef;udk
enf;ynmqd ki f&mtao;pm;0efaqmifrI jzpfaom
Content ESifh Emabling Technologies wdkYrS &&Sdonf/
ICT &if;ESD;jr§KyfESHrIrsm;uvnf; a'o\ 'pf*spf
w,fpD;yGm;a&;udk jr§ifhwifay;ygonf/ 2014 ckESpfwGif
tmqD,Ha'oü ICT &if;ESD;jr§KyfEHSrIonf tar&duef
a':vm 100 bDvD,Hausmf&SdNyD; ESpfpOf 15 &mckdifEIef;
ausmf wdk;wufvsuf&Sdygonf/
a'o\pD;yGm;a&;udk jr§ifhwifay;jcif;'pf*spfw,fpD;yGm;a&;udk jr§ifhwifjcif;onf
a'o&Sd tzGJU0ifEdkifiHrsm;\ pD;yGm;a&;wdk;wufrIudkvnf;
wGef;tm;ay;&ma&mufygonf/ tifwmeuf toHk;jyK
jcif;onf pD;yGm;a&;vkyfief;&Sifrsm;twGuf aps;uGuf
opfrsm; &&Sdaponfhtjyif pD;yGm;a&;vkyfief;opfrsm;udk
vnf; wdk;csJUvkyfaqmifEdkifapygonf/ xdkYjy