ucl presentation on italian foreign policy

8/14/2019 ucl presentation on italian foreign policy

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London 27 October 2006

Italian Foreign Policy

London, 27 October 2006

Giovanni Brauzzi


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... to clarify what had been the bases,both material and moral, on which the

foreign policy rested, such as the forcesand sentiments which surrounded the

policy itself and also, in that historical

period, the diplomatic initiative. In other words, passions and affections,

ideas and ideologies, the situation of thecountry and of its people, all that makesthe foreign policy a moment or an aspect

of the wider and more complex historicalprocess, which encompasses the wholelife of a nation and does not allow forwatertight compartments; a moment for

foreign relations which is intertwinedwith the moral, economic, social andreligious life in the interior.

Federico Chabod,

History of Italian Foreign Policy from1870 to 1896


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Material bases

Geography

Energy

Population


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Facts and Figures Area: 301,336 sq km

Land boundaries: 1,932 km

Coastline: 7,600 km

Population (2005): 58.462.375

Population Growth Rate : 1,1% birth rate: -18,396

immigration rate: +181,080

Life Expectancy at Birth: 79,25 years

GDP Composition by Sector:

agriculture 2%

industry 30%

services 68%


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Italian Crude Oil Imports (2005)

IRAQ

5%

IRAN13%

RUSSIA

18%

ALGERIA

5%

SYRIA4%

NORWAY

3%OTHERS

15%

SAUDI

ARABIA

14%

LYBIA

23%


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THE NETHERLANDS

17%

NORWAY

7%

NIGERIA

4%

ALGERIA

34%

RUSSIA

36%

LYBIA

2%

Italian Natural Gas Imports (2005)


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Italian Population in the XX

Century(ISTAT 2005)

32,966

35,845

39,94441,652

42,994

47,516

50,624

54,137

56,557 56,778

1901 1911 1921 1931 1936 1951 1961 1971 1981 1991


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Italian Population Projections

2010 - 2050(ISTAT 2005)

48

50

52

54

56

58

60

2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2050


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THE CONSTITUTIONAL

FRAMEWORK

Art. 11 of Italian Constitution: Italy rejects war

as an instrument of aggression against the

liberties of other people and as a means for

settling international controversies; it agrees,on conditions of equality with other States, to

such limitations of sovereignty as may benecessary for an international order aimed at

ensuring peace and justice among Nations; it

promotes and encourages international

organizations having such ends in view.


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The Multilateral Approach


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We the peoples of the United Nations,determined to save succeeding

generations from the scourge of war..determined to safeguard thefreedom, common heritage and

civilisations of their peoples, foundedon the principles of democracy,individual freedom and the rule of

law.

an ever closer union among

the peoples of Europe


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NATIONAL INTEREST

Few commodities and energy sourcesAging and shrinking population

We cannot keep our gates closed

Cultural and institutional pluralism

Universal visionLessons learnt from the past

thus

PURSUING NATIONAL INTEREST

THROUGH MULTILATERAL FORA


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The limitation of sovereigntyThe limitation of sovereigntywhich is, for every country, thewhich is, for every country, the

price of the participation in anprice of the participation in an

integrated international system,integrated international system,

becomes less onerousbecomes less onerous

the more a country is able tothe more a country is able tocontribute genuinely to thecontribute genuinely to the

definition of the policy ofdefinition of the policy of

international forainternational fora

N ti l I t t i


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National Interest in

International Fora

Italian priorities Being part of the leading group in the

European integration process

Strengthening transatlantic relations

Avoiding marginalisation at the UN


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The compass of

Italian foreign policy

North, towards Europe;

South, towards the

Mediterranean, the

Middle East and Africa;

East, towards the

Balkans and Russia;

West, towards Americaand globalisation.


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Being part of the leading group

in the European integration process

25 March 1957-29 October 2004:

from Rome to Rome;

Simultaneous widening and deepening; Union of people and states;

Close the democratic gap;

Principle of subsidiarity;

European pillar of transatlantic relations;

From the EDC to the ESDP;

Being always part of the leading group, as

a vocation and a necessity.


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The Way Ahead in the European Constitutional Process

Still committed to the ratification and entry into force of

the European Constitutional Treaty;

En attendant 2007 (elections in France and NL);

50th

anniversary of the Rome Treaty ;Premature to reopen the text before;Working on policies is not an alternative to institutional

developments;

Ready to improvements made without changing theTreaties;

Defining Europes borders would be helped by a

constitutional dimension of the integration process.


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To conclude

"IS THERE A FUTURE

FOR EUROPEAN INTEGRATION?"

London, LSE, 12 October 2006

The question now is whether the political will is there in our countries to continue thatprocess of integration

Modern politics and economics have not just a national or global dimension. There exists

also a European dimension as shaped and brought into operation by the integration of ourcountries in the Community of Six and now in the Union

Demand for Europe has been growing and is now heard throughout the world. We have aduty to respond to this callYour country, with its own sensibility deriving from its own history - but then the historyof every European nation is different from all others' - contributed decisively to the birth ofthe European ideal. First by standing up heroically against Nazi fascism during the Second

World War. Then by pointing - as Winston Churchill did in a prophetic speech - to theprospect of a "regional organisation of Europe" to be undertaken without delay : "If we areto form a United States of Europe, or whatever name it may take, we must begin nowThe endeavour goes on. It is not over and Europe still needs the United Kingdom as asource of equilibrium on the continent and as an inspiration for its civil and democraticfuture. We are about to celebrate the fiftieth anniversary of the Treaty of Rome. But, in thewords of that speech in Zurich long ago, we still need "an act of faith in the European

family".

St th i


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Strengthening

the transatlantic link

From Cold War

to new threats Coalitions

of the willing

are not enough

From the Balkansto Afghanistan:

the arc of crisis

Relaunch

NATOs

Political Dimension

New members,

New partners,

New capabilities,

Enduring commitment

l ll l


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Complex challenges of international

securityNuclear

Proliferation

Terrorism

Failed, rogue states

Illegal immigration


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BOSNIANATO HQ SARAJEVO 25EUFOR ALTHEA 858EUPM (European Union Police

Mission) 15TOTAL 898

ALBANIA

NATO HQ TIRANA 6

ALBANIA 2 (28 Naval Group) 62

DIE (Delegaz. Italiana Esperti) 32

TOTAL

100

KOSOVOKFOR (Kosovo Force) 2.305

Operazione "Joint Enterprise"UNMIK 2

(UN Interim Administration Mission in Kosovo)EUPT Kosovo 1

(European Union Planning Team)TOTAL 2.308

MAROCCO

MINURSO

(UN Mission for the Refendum in Western Sahara)

5

CIPRO

UNFICYP

(UN Peacekeeping Force in Cyprus)4

Rep. Dem. del CONGO

EUPOL KINSHASA 4

EUFOR RD CONGO 65

TOTAL 69

INDIA - PAKISTAN

UNMOGIP

(UN Military Observer Group

in India and Pakistan)

6

SUDAN

SUPPORTO UE AD AMIS ()

4

MALTA

MIATM

(Missione Italiana di Assistenza

Tecnico-Militare)

44

LIBANO

UNIFIL

(UN Interim Force

in Lebanon)

60

2.496

EGITTO

MFO

(Multinational Force

and Observers)

82

ISRAELE

UNTSO

(UN Truce Supervision

Organization)

7

HEBRON

TIPH2 (Temporary

International Presence in

Hebron)

18

GAZA

EU BAM RAFAH

17

FYROM

NATO HQ SKOPJE

3

AFGHANISTAN

ISAF (Internat ional Security Assi stance Force) 1 .938

ENDURING FREEDOM (Mare Arabico)

380

ACTIVE ENDEAVOUR (Mare Mediterraneo)

70

TOTAL 2.388

IRAQ

ANTICA BABILONIA 1.677

Esperti militari 8

TOTAL 1.685

OVERSEAS MISSIONS BY ITALIAN ARMED FORCES (updated October 2006)OVERSEAS MISSIONS BY ITALIAN ARMED FORCES (updated October 2006)

10194 troops in 27 missions


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Avoiding marginalisation and

oligarchic backsliding at the UN

World Government vs. Global Governance;

Effective Multilateralism;Criteria for the use of force;

National sovereignty, democracy and human rights;

Agenda for peace and agenda for development;

A role for the European Union;

UNSC Reform.


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New Impetus to UNSC Reform:

the Prodi-Musharraf Initiative

(New York, 20 September 2006)

We will have to accommodate, as far as possible, the interests of all.

Regional representation, combined with rotation, could offer the answer.

Committed to explore, with political flexibility and diplomatic creativity,

and through a negotiating process, possible options for a solution to

Security Council reform that can command the widest political agreement.

Comment by UNSG Kofi Annan:

Countries on both sides of the divide stand to benefit if a compromise can be

found. All will suffer if the stalemate is allowed to continue.

F i


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Farnesina

Italian Ministry of Foreign Affairs

Facts and Figures


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REPRESENTATIONS ABROAD (2005)


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GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION OF THE EMBASSIES

(2005)


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DIPLOMATIC-CONSULAR NETWORK, STAFF AND

BUDGET OF THE MINISTRIES OF FOREIGN AFFAIRS

A COMPARISON IN EUROPE (year 2004)

2.52016.000453UNITEDKINGDOM

2.21513.210347GERMANY

2.17517.231430FRANCE

1.5618.245338ITALY

BudgetStaffDiplomatic/consular

network


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Thank you for your attention.

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ucl presentation on italian foreign policy