UE-PRASAC projectfor sustainablecassavaproduction in Central Africagcp21.org/.../Duval-Cassava-diversity-Prasac-project.pdf · 2016. 5. 25. · Introduced in Central Africa (Congo

UE-PRASAC project for

sustainable cassava production

in Central AfricaDCI-FOOD/2010/46

Marie France Duval, CIRAD-AGAP, Clotilde Abessolo-Meye, IRAF,

Françoise Romaine Otabo, CERAG

Genetic diversity of Central African landraces

Introduced in Central Africa (Congo estuary) from Brazil by

Portuguese in early XVIIth century (1611)

Cassava (Manihot esculenta) in the CEMAC region

Africa

56%

America

14%

Asia

30%

Oceania

0,07%

26% in Central Africa

(RDC, Angola)

Pays CEMAC Production en Tonnes Pourcentage

Cameroon 3 900 000 61.5%

Congo 1 150 000 18.1%

Gabon 292 415 4.6%

Equatorian Guinea 66 000 1%

Centrafrica 706 111 11.1%

Tchad 230 000 3.6%

Total 6 344 526 100%

150 Mt

Nowadays a staple ensuring food security and small producers

livelihood

Low yield,

Biotic threats (viruses, bacteria..)

Organizational problems (transport, markets…)

Objective : to increase cassava productivity in sustainable

cropping systems and to improve post harvest conservation

and processing

UE EuropAid DCI-Food project:

Sustainable production of cassava

in Central Africa for local markets

Pôle Régional de

recherche

Appliquée au

développement

des Systèmes

Agricoles

d’Afrique Centrale

CIRAD (France)

DGRST (Congo)

Université de Ngaoundéré (Cameroon)

ITRAD (Tchad)

Université de Bangui (Centrafrique)

IRAF (Gabon)

To conduct surveys, polls and inventories in order to establish

diagnosis of the cropping systems, processes and markets

Participative design of new sustainable systems with farmers and

processors

To strengthen the national research centers’ capacities




Work Package Leader

WP1: Project management PRASAC

WP2: Knowledge and use of

landraces

CERAG (Congo) and CIRAD (France)

WP3: Knowledge and improvement

of cassava cropping systems

ITRAD (Tchad) and IRAD (Cameroon,

associated partner)

WP4: Diseases and pests control CERAG (Congo) and IITA (associated

partner)

WP5: Improvement of products

quality for different uses and markets

ENSAI, Université de Ngaoundéré

(Cameroon)

WP6: Strengthening of technical and

research capacities in the CEMAC

region

Université de Bangui (Centrafrica)




WP2: Knowledge and use of landraces

WP5: Improvement of products quality for different uses

and markets

WP6: Strengthening of technical and research capacities in

the CEMAC region

Molecular characterization and diversity assessment Montpellier

Breeding through somatic hybridization Montpellier

Biochemical characterization of landraces Montpellier

Processes diagnosis (support)

Student tutoringOne Master student in Molecular Genetics, Montpellier 2013, 6 months

One PhD student, Molecular Genetics, Montpellier 2013-2014- 2 x 6

months

One PhD student, Genetics and breeding 2014- 3 months




WP2: Knowledge and use of landraces

- Inventory and description of the Central African landraces (passeport

data, agromorphological description, cultural practices and uses)

- Germplasm diversity (agronomic evaluation, molecular characterization)

- Participatory selection of elite material and dissemination

- Establisment of a regional germplasm bank (CERAG, Congo)

- Breeding

Landraces sampling

Selection of productions sites in different agro-ecological zones10 villages visited / site

15 households per village

Inventory of named landraces = varieties collection

Morphological description, inquiry about associated cultural practices and

uses completed for each variety

109

accessions

49 accessions

21 accessions

102

accessions

469

accessions 750

accessions

Knowledge and use of landraces

HC4

Diapositive 7

HC4 Les chiffres des accessions se sont décalés par rapport à la carteCHAIR; 06/06/2014


K1 S1 W1 R11 Ka K2 S5 W7 R12 Ka K3 S2 W9 R2 Ka K4 S7 W8 R3

SSRY282 SSRY268 SSRY240 SSRY66 SSRY100 SSRY100 SSRY100 SSRY100 SSRY100 SSRY175 SSRY93 SSRY76 SSRY8 SSRY31 SSRY68 SSRY31 SSRY44

SSRY66 SSRY269 SSRY40 SSRY92 SSRY291 SSRY291 SSRY291 R9 SSRY152 SSRY210 SSRY8 R5 SSRY149 SSRY149

SSRY160 SSRY53

SSRY192 SSRY92 SSRY9 SSRY9 SSRY182 SSRY182 SSRY124 SSRY100 SSRY329 SSRY43 SSRY151 SSRY76 SSRY288 SSRY31 SSRY179 SSRY57

SSRY313 SSRY60 SSRY313 SSRY155 SSRY155 SSRY155 SSRY155 SSRY219 SSRY64 SSRY175

R8SSRY53 SSRY179

EME222 R2

SSRY269 SSRY51 SSRY66

SSRY51

SSRY88 SSRY88 SSRY88 SSRY49 SSRY79 SSRY329

SSRY26

SSRY160 SSRY160

SSRY58

SSRY92 SSRY192 SSRY192 SSRY39 SSRY39 SSRY39 SSRY151 SSRY45 SSRY219 SSRY109 SSRY179 EME415 W4

SSRY360 SSRY13 SSRY92 SSRY55 SSRY55 SSRY55 SSRY55 SSRY8 SSRY26 SSRY152 SSRY76 SSRY262 EME222 SSRY44

SSRY13 SSRY66 SSRY269 SSRY253 SSRY253 SSRY253 SSRY26 SSRY109 SSRY85 SSRY151 SSRY151 SSRY58 NS248 SSRY58

SSRY51 SSRY313 SSRY268 SSRY317 SSRY317 SSRY317 SSRY32 SSRY274 EME373_

3

SSRY80 NS978

SSRY80

SSRY268 SSRY282 EME343 SSRY323 SSRY323 SSRY102 SSRY102 SSRY274 SSRY32 EME257 SSRY157 NS22 EME222

SSRY10 EME205 EME118 SSRY158 SSRY158 EME628 SSRY109 SSRY8 EME182 SSRY44 NS945 EME203

SSRY233 EME309 EME162 NS170 EME11 NS1017 SSRY45 SSRY151 EME332 NS945 NS946 EME259

SSRY59EME424

EME98

SSRY59

NS587 EME170 SSRY79/SSRY

64

SSRY175 NS80

SSRY64

NS946 NS1068

SSRY200 EME489 EME353 NS664 EME254 SSRY43 SSRY49 NS1019 NS193 NS193

SSRY60 EME62 EME424 NS33 EME628 SSRY210 SSRY219 NS898 NS898

EME309 EME321 EME272 EME11 NS664 SSRY93 SSRY329 W13 NS78 NS78

EME424 EME81 EME309 EME628 NS33 NS622 SSRY152 SSRY93 NS1068

EME353 EME412 NS30 EME189 NS587 NS78 EME319 EME319 NS194 S16

EME162 EME162 W22 EME254 NS170 NS1052 EME246 EME635 NS271 SSRY53

EME118 EME118 SSRY10 EME170 EME373-3 EME46 NS141 SSRY228

EME62 NS1045 W25 EME59 EME635 EME222 SSRY262

EME81 NS30 EME280 EME164 EME20 EME22 SSRY80

EME195 S11 EME657 EME713 EME259 SSRY58

EME205 SSRY59 EME512 EME657 EME203 EME22

EME280 SSRY10 EME20 EME164 ESSR13 EME203

EME321 EME195 EME46 EME59 EME259

EME489 EME280 EME246 EME332 K5 NS194

EME412 EME319 EME373 SSRY68 S14

NS30 EME635 NS178 SSRY44

NS1045 EME713 NS622 SSRY157

EME332 NS1052

NS1019

K6 S3 W3 Ka K9 S15 W20 K11 S12 W15 Ka K13 S8 W10 R4

SSRY75 SSRY180 SSRY265 SSRY74 SSRY177 SSRY177 SSRY83 SSRY12 SSRY12 SSRY12 SSRY27 SSRY27 SSRY27 SSRY27

SSRY246 SSRY123 SSRY252 SSRY170 NS781 SSRY12 EME303 SSRY48 R5 EME177 EME177 EME177 SSRY250

SSRY72 SSRY143 SSRY94 SSRY168 NS371 SSRY276SSRY91 SSRY52 SSRY52 SSRY52 SSRY250 SSRY250 EME710 NS720

SSRY161 SSRY319 SSRY72 SSRY105 NS128 NS689 EME303 SSRY287 SSRY287 NS308

SSRY319 SSRY161 SSRY161 SSRY161 SSRY177 NS40 R9 NS149 SSRY236 SSRY236

SSRY143 SSRY72 SSRY319 NS6 SSRY105 SSRY105 NS340 EME710 EME710

SSRY123 SSRY252 SSRY123 NS701 NS1076 SSRY25 SSRY25

SSRY180 SSRY265 SSRY143 NS40 EME341 NS368

NS725 EME54 SSRY180 NS128 EME303 NS720 NS308

NS74 EME113 EME113 NS371

NS72 EME240 EME54 NS781 K12 S9 W5 R6

EME345 EME260 EME409 NS1040 SSRY103 SSRY103 SSRY28 SSRY28

EME260 EME409 EME260 EME637 SSRY106 SSRY106 SSRY83 SSRY83

EME240 EME517 EME240 SSRY28 SSRY28 SSRY106

EME517 NS72 EME517 K10 W2 NS198 EME425 EME425

EME171_2 NS74 NS74 SSRY294 EME212 NS62 SSRY83

NS217 SSRY314 EME395 NS124

K7 S4 NS260 R10 Ka NS166 EME708 NS169

SSRY148 SSRY75 SSRY148 NS119 S6 W21 R1 NS158

SSRY165 SSRY148 SSRY165 EME212 SSRY104 SSRY104 SSRY104 EME171_1

K8 SSRY246 SSRY38 SSRY38 EME395 SSRY168 EME425

SSRY30 SSRY165 SSRY148 SSRY148 EME708 EME708

K14 SSRY226

SSRY94 SSRY153 SSRY153

EME54 SSRY30 SSRY75

EME113 SSRY322 R4

EME409 EME222 SSRY94

EME415

EME345

NS725

NS323

K15 S20 W18 R16 K17 S19 W19 K18 S10 W6 K19 S18 W11

SSRY101 SSRY194 SSRY101 SSRY101 SSRY297 SSRY174 SSRY82 SSRY77 SSRY231 SSRY112 EME331 EME331EME331

SSRY2 SSRY193 SSRY229 Ka SSRY82 SSRY337 SSRY297 SSRY296 SSRY61 SSRY231 NS658 NS658 SSRY70

SSRY229 SSRY270 SSRY5 R14 SSRY5 SSRY337 SSRY82 EME87 NS1003 SSRY77 SSRY61 EME145

SSRY193 SSRY101 SSRY2 SSRY169 SSRY169 SSRY174 SSRY297 OS22 EME445 SSRY81 SSRY77 NS362

SSRY194 SSRY229 SSRY193 EME87 EME87 SSRY296 SSRY81 NS847

EME313 SSRY2 EME313 OS22 OS22 K16 SSRY327 SSRY327 Ka

EME313 SSRY81 EME445 SSRY21 SSRY21

NS1003 SSRY296

SSRY113

C13 W14 R7 Ka EME86

S22 SSRY19 SSRY19 SSRY19 W17 R5 Ka EME445 W27 R5

SSRY144 SSRY41 SSRY164 NS57 SSRY91 SSRY91

SSRY272 SSRY191 SSRY191 NS1003

SSRY181 SSRY181 SSRY63 SSRY63

Ka= Kawuki et al, 2013

R= Rabbi et al, 2012

W= Whankaew et al, 2011

S=Straphet et al, 2011

C16

C14

C1

C9 C10

C15

C2 C3

C12C11

C4

C5 C6 C7 C8

DNA extraction (Risterucci et al)

31 SSRs selected according to their repartition

within the genome (

SSR analysis performed on ABI 3500XL (Applied

Biosystems)

Analysis using Genemapper® software (Applied

Biosystems 2007)

Factorial analysis on 365 cassava

accessions collected in Central Africa

Humid tropical forest (deciduous),

Humid tropical forest (semi-deciduous /

semperivirente)

Humid shrubby savanna

Sudanese savanna

unknown

Axe1:

7.96%

Axe2:

5.67%


First analysis of regional diversity (Clotilde Abessolo-Meye, IRAF)

Cameroon 109

Centrafrica 102

Congo 90

Gabon 49

Tchad 21

Total number of alleles : 109

Mean number : 4.74

Fis = - 0.087

Clonality : 0.75

No clear agroclimatic

structuration

HC7

Diapositive 9

HC7 Peut être rajouter au titre regional scaleCHAIR; 06/06/2014

0 0.2


Neighbor Joining representation of the

genetic diversity of 365 cassava

accessions collected in Central Africa

Cameroun

Centrafrique

Congo

Gabon

Tchad

No geographical structuration

observed, probably due to

numerous exchanges

Despite a rather high clonality

(25% of the genotyped

accessions are clonal lineages)

dissimilarity range indicates

sexual diversification


Diversity of Congolese accessions (Françoise Otabo, CERAG, Congo)

In progress

Congo 469

America (diversity

sample, CIAT)

37

Centrafrica

(control)

1

Tchad (control) 1

Total number of alleles : 213

Number of specific alleles (America) : 57

Mean number : 6.87 (2-14)

High clonality within congolese accessions

Neighbor Joining representation of

the genetic diversity of 510 cassava

accessions

Americas

Odziba (Congo)

Hinda (Congo)

Oyo (Congo)

Loudima (Congo)

American and Congolese

accessions are clearly

separated, except for

one Brazilian accession

HC8

Diapositive 11

HC8 idem...rajouter au titre directement at country scaleCHAIR; 06/06/2014

Koussakanandi

Mandoussou

Nkoussou

Mâ ndombi

Mâ voumboukoulou

INC1 Yala vounga

Maloundzou 1

Maloundzou 2

Bayenda

Mandoussou

INC 1 Loumou

Tissaka

Mandoussou

Moussadi mbongo

Moudouma

Mâ ndombi

Kignoumba

MoudoumaMoudouma

Moussala

Express

INC4 Mboukoulou

MoudoumaMoudouma

Moussala

Moudouma

Manguété

Moudouma

Loudimi ya kabiMoudouma

Kignoumba

Vigne

Kindangala ya ndombi

Mvilima

Moudouma

Moussala

Kingnoumba

Numéro

Moudouma

Bozizi

Goy

100

100

89

84

100

100

9199

100

Ipi

Okéofi

Ngapi

INC2 Etsouali

INC3 Etsouali

Parapluie

INC 5 Estsouali

Okéofi

Okéofi

Ngantsa

Nguébana

INC1 Odziba

Ngantsa

Nguébana

INC2 OdzibaINC 3 Odziba

Okéofi

INC 5 OdzibaINC 6 Odziba

INC 7 Odziba

Ngantsa mobali

Ngantsa

Nguébana

parapluie

Nguébana

Ngantsa

Okéofi

Parapluie

Ngapi

Parapluie

Ngantsa

Ngantsa mobali

NgantsaNgantsa

Ipi

Okéofi

Mbalike

Ngantsa

100

84

100

100

99

100

100

97

97

94


Clonal lineages are scattered among

villages and shared between nearby

sites, sometimes under different names

Despite the general lack of

geographical structuration

some accessions collected in

one site regroup: exemple of

accessions collected in the

savanna part of the Odziba site

Perspectives

Results of this work on diversity will be used for the management of the

germplasm bank (identification of duplicates) and the selection of parents

- Conduct physico-chemical analysis to assess would be quality

variation (Cirad, within the frame of this project)

Diversity studies are still on-going and results will be discussed along with

other data (inquiries about practices and uses, agromorphological data)

A subset of accessions was selected with a double purpose :

- Samples will be provided to CIAT for RAD sequencing within

the frame of a RTB project (Luis Augusto Beccera) HC11

Diapositive 13

HC11 mettre le but de cette étude????CHAIR; 06/06/2014

Thank you

Documents

UE-PRASAC projectfor sustainablecassavaproduction in Central Africagcp21.org/.../Duval-Cassava-diversity-Prasac-project.pdf · 2016. 5. 25. · Introduced in Central Africa (Congo