U.Kdt - SUBSIMKriegstagebuch (KTB):German war diary kept by ships and boats at sea, also by shore-based headquarters staffs. Kurzsignale:a U-boat’s short-signal position report by

U.Kdt.Hdb

Incorporated in the Secret Archivesunder Heading IV, No. 4

Command 32, U-boot Flotilla1939

(comprising Amendments Nos. I - I 1)High Command of Kriegsmarine

M.Dv.Nr. 906Corrections to be made according

to Leaflet Memorandum, Number 5.

This is a secret subject according to paragraph 88 of the Reich Codeof Criminal Law. Edition of 24th April 1934. Misuse will be

punished according to the provisions of said paragraph, insofar asother penalties do not apply.

Virtual Battle of Atlantic2002

Materials from:

KallothU224

VonSpikeErich Topp

Otto Kretchmer

Sources:

29th Flotila Web BaseUnterseebootwaffe Web Page

U-Boat.netWPL Web Page - Forum

Drumbeat U.Kdt.Hdb - cover, glosaryAOD online U.Kdt.HdbSilent Hunter 2 manual,

SH2 ID RegisterSH2

Version 1.0© 2002 14th Flotila Narvik

Andreas ZuckerfreiWPL # 7263

[email protected]

All inputs are welcome!

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Notes

- 1 -

Contents

1. Merchant Ships . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2Groner, Merchant Ships Silhouettes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2Target’s Range TAB (Merchand Ships) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4Compare TAB of Merchant Ships . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5Lloyd’s Register of Ships . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6

2. War Ships Silhouettes and Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10US Destroyers Descriptions and ID . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10War Ships ID . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15Destroyers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15Escorts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .17Cruisers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .19Escort Carriers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .21Carriers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .22Battleships . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .22Target’s Range TAB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .23

4. Enigma Funk Codes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .26

5. International Rules (WPL) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .28

7. Appendix . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .34Scheme of Type VII U-Boot . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .34Statistic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .35Kaptintanleutant Otto Kretschmer's Standing Orders . . . . . .36Erich Topp Wolf Pack Tactic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .37Kaptintanleutant Kalloth’s Allies Sensors Description . . . . .38U-224’s Safe depths . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .39Example of Convoy Structure and Theory of Aproach . . . . .40Allie’s Technology Tilmeline . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .41Range / Time TAB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .42VonSpike MAS Depth Chart . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .44U-boat’s evasive maneuvers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .44Values, rulers, statistics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .45Krigsmarine Ranks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .48Comparative Ranks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .49Medals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .50Glosary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .52

Notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .56

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tonnage: measurement of all the enclosed spaces in a shipexpressed in hundreds of cubic feet.Torpedo-Schuss-Empfanger: torpedo launch receiver, which, inthe fore and aft torpedo rooms of a U-boat, received target datafrom the Vorhaltrechner and fed it into the guidance systems of thetorpedoes. Abbreviated T-Schu.trim: the balancing of a submarine’s (U-boat’s) weight andequilibrium underwater.U-boat: see Unterseeboot.Ubootwaffe: the German submarine (U-boat) fleet.U.Kdt.Hdb: U-boat Commanders HanbookUnterseeboot: “submarine”, abbreviated as U-boat. Primarily, a sur-face attack vessel of the German Navy with the ability to submerge todepths of up to 250 meters for short periods. UZO (Uboot-Zieloptik):surface target-aiming binoculars with luminous graticule attached to abridge post that automatically fed target line-of-sight bearing andrange to the Vorhaltrechner.Vorhaltrechner: A Siemens-made electromechanical deflectioncalculator in the U-boat conning tower that fed attack headings intothe gyrocompass steering mechanism of the torpedoes in theirtubes.Wabo: German nickname for Wasserbombe (q.v.).WarLog: The Commander's written recordof significant events and wirelesstransmissions.Wasserbombe: German term for a depthcharge dropped on U-boats by British and American surface shipsand aircraft.way: the motion or speed of a ship or boat through the water.Wintergarten: the open, railed platform on the after part of a U-boatbridge.WPL: Wolfpack League Zentrale: U-boat control room, directly below the conning towerand bridge, containing all diving controls.

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GronerMerchant Ships Silhouettes (ID Register)

Small Cargo ShipDisp: 3.168 t Lenght: 78 m Beam: 12 mDraft: 5 m Speed: 11 kt (9) Mast: 20

Slow Cargo ShipDisp: 6 824 t Lenght: 156 m Beam: 19 mDraft: 7 m Speed: 12 kt (7) Mast: 34

Fast Cargo ShipDisp: 8 236 t Lenght: 135 m Beam: 16 mDraft: 6 m Speed: 18 kt (8-9) Mast: 22

Liberty ShipDisp: 7 146 t Lenght: 134 m Beam: 16 mDraft: 5 m Speed: 13 kt (7) Mast: 26(14.245 t full loadet, Guns: 1x5in/51, 1x3in/50, AA: 4x20mm)

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Lotapparat: a U-boat’s equipment for determining depth infathoms or in meters.maneuvering room: electric motor room on a U-boat, whichhoused the battery-powered dynamotors (E motors), used to propelthe boat when submerged.Marinequadrat: naval square, an arbitrarily drawn rectangular regi-on of the ocean permitting the organization of the ocean surface intoa grid chart where the many individual naval squares were identifiedby letter digraphs and numbered zones.Mehrfach: a multiple, though not simultaneous, launch of torpedoes.Morse code: a message system of dots and dashes, clicks andspaces, or flashes of light that represent letters of the alphabet.Oberleutnant zur See: Lieutenant senior grade.OKM (Oberkommando der Kriegsmarine): German Naval HighCommand.periscope: an extendible tube like optical device containing anarrangement or prisms, mirrors, and lenses that permitted a U-boatto view the surface of a sea from a submerged position.port: the left-hand side of a vessel as one faces forward.pressure hull: the U-boat cylinder containing personnel andessential operating systems that was designed to withstand manyatmospheres of water pressure when submerged.Q-ship: a decoy merchant ship with flotation cargo and hiddendeck armament designed to lure a surfaced U-boat to close-indestruction.quarter: the arc of 45 degrees to either side horizontally from thestern of a vessel.red: port (Backbord), that is, left (U-boat usage).Ritterkreuz des Eisemen Kreuzes: Knight’s Cross of the IronCross.Rohr: torpedo tube.RPM: revolutions per minute.Schussmeldung: a U-boat’s required “shooting report” on eachtorpedo action.Sonar: an acronym standing for Sound Navigation, Ranging, theU.S. Navy echo-ranging sound apparatus equivalent to the BritishASDIC.Spargel: literally, “ asparagus”; U-boat nickname for the periscope.starboard: the right-hand side of a vessel as one faces forward.stern: the after (rear) part of a vessel.Sub Tanker: A specially fitted out type IX with expanded fuelbunkers for refuelling and resupplying attack subs at sea.Nicknamed "Milk Cow" by submariners.Tiefenmesser: a U-boat’s depth-pressure gauge, or depthmanometer.

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Victory ShipDisp: 14 245 t Lenght: 140 m Beam: 17 mDraft: 7 m Speed: 19 kt (11,5) Mast: 25(Guns: 1x5in/55, 1x3in/50, AA: 8x20mm)

Oil TankerDisp: 8 900 t Lenght: 210 m Beam: 19 mDraft: 9 m Speed: 15 kt (12) Mast: 33

T2 TankerDisp: 10 448 t Lenght: 159 m Beam: 19 mDraft: 10 m Speed: 18 kt (10) Mast: 25

Passenger LinerDisp: 20 636 t Lenght: 255 m Beam: 28 mDraft: 4 m Speed: 31 kt Mast: 35

Troop TransportDisp: 13 620 t Lenght: 200 m Beam: 22 mDraft: 8 m Speed: 23 kt (12) Mast: 30

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E motors: battery-powered electric motors on a U-boat.Facherschuss: a simultaneous spread, or fan, launch of two ormore torpedoes.Fangschuss: a finishing shot, or coup de grace.flank: the extreme right or left side.fore: forward, or toward the bow of a vessel.Fregattenkapitan: Captain (junior).Geheime Kommandosache: “top secret.”green: starboard (Steuerbord), that is, right (U-boat usage).Groner: the merchant fleet handbook, with silhouettes of allknown freighters and tankers.hatch: circular passageway opening on the deck or in interiorbulkheads of a U-boat.HE (hydrophone effect): underwater sound, for example,propeller cavitation of a surface ship or the path of a torpedo,detected by hydrophone and shown on instruments as having acertain bearing and range. (See hydrophone.)Hilfskreuzer: German term for an armed merchant cruiser of theRoyal Navy.hull: the primary, hollow, floatable structure of a boat or ship.hull down: the appearance of a ship at great distance when onlyits masts and smokestack can be seen over the horizon.hydrophone: underwater sound detection device employed by bothU-boats and surface warships. In German, Horchgerat. (See HE.)hydroplanes: extended surfaces fore and aft on a U-boat’s outboardhull that directed the pitch of the boat underwater.Kaleu: diminutive form of the rank Kapitanleutnant (LieutenantCommander).Kapitanleutnant: Lieutenant Commander.Kapitan zur See: Captain.keel: the central structural member of a boat’s or ship’s hull thatruns fore and aft along the bottom of the hull for the full distancefrom stem to sternpost.Keroman: protective U-boat bunkers, or pens, at Pointe deKeroman near the harbor entrance at Lorient, France.knot: A unit of speed equivalent to one nautical mile per hour. Seenautical mile.Korvettenkapitan: Commander.Kriegsmarine: the World War II German Navy.Kriegstagebuch (KTB): German war diary kept by ships and boatsat sea, also by shore-based headquarters staffs.Kurzsignale: a U-boat’s short-signal position report by radio(wireless).Leutnant zur See: Lieutenant junior grade.LI: Leitender Ingenieur, “Chief Engineering Officer.”

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abaft: toward the stern of a boat or ship.Adressbuch: a U-boat code book for disguising grid(Marinequadrat) positions on an ocean chart in radio (wireless) trans-missions.a f t : rearward, or toward the stern of a vessel.Alarm!: order for an emergency dive.Angle-On-the-Bow: the difference between the U-boat’s line of sightand target’s heading.ASDIC: an acronym standing for Anti-Submarine DetectionInvestigation Committee (British), commonly used to describe theapparatus housed in a dome on the underside of an antisubmarinevessel’s hull, which sent out sound waves in pulses that, striking anunderwater object such as a U-boat, returned a signal that gave therange (out to approx. 2000 m) and bearing of the object. See sonar.“Auf Gefechtsstationen!”: “Battle stations!”ballast tanks: tanks outside the pressure hull of a U-boat which,when flooded with water, enabled the boat to dive. BdU(Befehlshaber der Unterseeboote): Commander in Chief, U-boats.Though specifically denoting Admiral Karl Donitz, the abbreviationwas also commonly used to identify the Admiral’s staff or headquar-ters.Biscay, Bay of: a bay of the Atlantic Ocean between northwesternFrance and Spain.Bootskanone: the deck gun, or artillery piece, carried forward on aU-boat.bow: the forward end of a vessel.BR: Battle reporter WPLbridge: the raised structure from which a power vessel on the surfaceis navigated.bulkhead: a wall-like structure inside seagoing vessels used to subdi-vide space, form watertight compartments, or strengthen the interiorframing.bunkers: on a U-boat, the exterior tanks that contained diesel fuel.capital ship: a term used throughout World War II to define the mostsignificant warships.conning tower (Kommandoturm): the low observation tower ofa U-boat, containing the helmsman’s steering controls and toppedby an open bridge.control room: see Zentrale.diesel: the compression-ignition type engine used on U-boats; alsothe combustible petroleum distillate used as fuel.DR: dead reckoning, the calculation of one’s position at sea based oncourse, speed, and elapsed time since the last observed position,taking into account currents, winds, and compass declinations.eel: in German aal, a U-boat nickname for torpedo.

Glosary

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100m

Bagley Class Destroyer

50m 150m 250m200m0

100m50m 150m 250m200m0

Compare TAB of Merchant Ships

Eisernes Kreuz 1:e KlasseThe Iron Cross 1st class had no ribbon and were pinned on left breastpocket. The first Iron Cross of this class was awarded the captain ofu-29 for the sinking of the british aircraft carrier "Courageous".

Ritterkreuz des Eisernes Kreuz mit EichenlaubNext class of the Knights Cross was the attachment of oak leavesabove the already awarded Cross.

Das Deutsche KreuzThe German Cross was stationed between the Iron Cross and theKnights Cross in rank. It was awarded to 530 U-boat men

Dienftauuszeichnung IV. KlasseLong Service Medal

Lloyd’s Register of Ships

AAalsum . . . . . . . . . . . .Slow C Ship . . . . .DutchAbiqua . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .T2 Tanker . .AmericanAbsalon . . . . . . . . . . . .Small C Ship . . . . .DutchAbsalon . . . . . . . . . . . .Small C Ship . . . . .DutchAckia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .T2 Tanker . . . .BritishAdela . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Fast C. Ship . . . .BritishAdela Bianca . . . . . . . .Liberty Ship . . . .BritishAfrican Planet . . . . . . .Fast C. Ship . .AmericanAgamemnon . . . . . . . . . . .Transport . . . .BritishAlamo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .T2 Tanker . . . .BritishAlcoa Ranger . . . . . . . .Slow C Ship . .AmericanAldersdale . . . . . . . . . . . .Oil Tanker . .AmericanAllatoona . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Liner . . .GermanAllende . . . . . . . . . . . .Slow C Ship . . . .BritishAmarillo Victory . . . . .Victory Ship . .AmericanAmbrose E. Burnside . .Liberty Ship . .AmericanAmbrosio . . . . . . . . . .Small C Ship . . . .BritishAmerican Farmer . . . .Slow C Ship . .AmericanAmity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .T2 Tanker . . . .BritishAmphitrite . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Liner . .AmericanAmtank . . . . . . . . . . . . . .T2 Tanker . . . .BritishAnacostia . . . . . . . . . . .Fast C. Ship . . . .BritishAnna Julia . . . . . . . . . .Fast C. Ship . . . .BritishAnna Maria . . . . . . . . .Small C Ship . . . .BritishAnna Sophie . . . . . . . . .Liberty Ship . . . .BritishAnne . . . . . . . . . . . . .Small C Ship . . . .BritishAntelope Hills . . . . . . .Fast C. Ship . . . .BritishAntiope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Liner . .AmericanAppomattox . . . . . . . . .Fast C. Ship . . . .BritishArchers Hope . . . . . . . .Fast C. Ship . . . .BritishArchers Hope . . . . . . . . . .T2 Tanker . . . .BritishArickaree . . . . . . . . . .Small C Ship . .AmericanArlene . . . . . . . . . . . . .Victory Ship . .AmericanAthelviking . . . . . . . . . . .Oil Tanker . . . .BritishAthelviking . . . . . . . . . . .Oil Tanker . . . .BritishAtlantic Coast . . . . . . . .Fast C. Ship . . . .BritishAtlantic Pride . . . . . . . . . .T2 Tanker . .AmericanAtlantic Refiner . . . . . . . .T2 Tanker . .AmericanAtlantic States . . . . . . .Fast C. Ship . . . .BritishAtlantic Sun . . . . . . . .Small C Ship . .AmericanAtlantic Trader . . . . . .Small C Ship . .AmericanAudrey Belle . . . . . . . . . . . . . .mscc . . . .BritishAverysboro . . . . . . . . . . .T2 Tanker . . . .BritishAzerbaijan . . . . . . . . . . . .Oil Tanker . . . . .Soviet

BBaluka Barbara . . . . . . .Fast C. Ship . . .GermanBandelier . . . . . . . . . . . . .T2 Tanker . . . .BritishBarendrecht . . . . . . . . . . .Oil Tanker . . . . .DutchBaron Ogilvy . . . . . . .Small C Ship . . . .BritishBarossa . . . . . . . . . . . .Small C Ship . . . .BritishBasque . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Liner . .AmericanBastion . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Oil Tanker . .AmericanBattle Rock . . . . . . . . . .Fast C. Ship . . . .BritishBay City . . . . . . . . . . . .Fast C. Ship . . . .BritishBayou Chipo . . . . . . . .Slow C Ship . .AmericanBeacon Rock . . . . . . . . . .T2 Tanker . . . .BritishBeaulieu . . . . . . . . . . . .Slow C Ship .NorwegianBeaverford . . . . . . . . . .Fast C. Ship . . . .BritishBehemoth of the Seas . . . . . . .Liner . . . .BritishBellingham . . . . . . . . . .Fast C. Ship . .AmericanBelpareil . . . . . . . . . . . .Fast C. Ship .NorwegianBelridge Hills . . . . . . . . .T2 Tanker . . . .BritishBencas . . . . . . . . . . . .Small C Ship .NorwegianBenjamin Harrison . . . .Liberty Ship . .AmericanBenton Field . . . . . . . . . .T2 Tanker . . . .BritishBenvannoch . . . . . . . . .Slow C Ship . . . .British

Berta Laura . . . . . . . . .Small C Ship . . . .BritishBerta Zenzi . . . . . . . . .Slow C Ship . . . .BritishBetter Days . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Liner . .AmericanBirch Coulie . . . . . . . . .Slow C Ship . .AmericanBishopdale . . . . . . . . . .Fast C. Ship . . . .BritishBolton Castle . . . . . . . .Slow C Ship . . . .BritishBonnington Court . . . .Small C Ship . . . .BritishBoulonnais . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Liner . .AmericanBratton . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .liner . .AmericanBrenda . . . . . . . . . . . . .Fast C. Ship . . . .BritishBritish Fame . . . . . . . . . .Oil Tanker . . . .BritishBritish Hussar . . . . . . . . .Oil Tanker . . . .BritishBroken Bow . . . . . . . . .Fast C. Ship .NorwegianBrunhilde . . . . . . . . . .Liberty Ship . . . .BritishBrunhilde Anne . . . . . . . .T2 Tanker . . . .BritishBrunhilde Gretchen . . . .Fast C. Ship . . . .BritishBryce Canyon . . . . . . . .Fast C. Ship . .AmericanBullmouth . . . . . . . . . .Slow C Ship . . . .BritishBurdwan . . . . . . . . . . .Slow C Ship . . . .British

CCalibogue . . . . . . . . . . .Fast C. Ship . .AmericanCargo . . . . . . . . . . . . .Small C Ship . .AmericanCargo ship . . . . . . . . . .Small C Ship . . . .BritishCarlton . . . . . . . . . . . . .Liberty Ship . .AmericanCarmen . . . . . . . . . . . . .Fast C. Ship . . . .BritishCastlemore . . . . . . . . . .Slow C Ship . . . .BritishCatherine Agnes . . . . . . . .T2 Tanker . . . .BritishCathy . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Fast C. Ship . . . .BritishCathy M . . . . . . . . . . . .Fast C. Ship . . . .BritishChampoeg . . . . . . . . . .Fast C. Ship . . . .BritishChantilly . . . . . . . . . . . .Fast C. Ship . . . .BritishCharles Carroll . . . . . . .Fast C. Ship . .AmericanCharlotte . . . . . . . . . . . . .T2 Tanker . . . .BritishChatham . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Transport . . . .BritishChelsea . . . . . . . . . . . .Small C Ship . . . .BritishChrisanthy Mary . . . . . .Fast C. Ship . . . .BritishClan Ferguson . . . . . . . . .T2 Tanker . . . .BritishConus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Oil Tanker . . . .BritishCounsellor . . . . . . . . . .Fast C. Ship . . . .BritishCoya . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Fast C. Ship . .AmericanCross Keys . . . . . . . . . .Fast C. Ship . . . .BritishCross Thread . . . . . . . .Fast C. Ship . . . .BritishCrown Point . . . . . . . . .Fast C. Ship . . .GermanCuster . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Fast C. Ship . .American

D Daniel Morgan . . . . . . .Liberty Ship . .AmericanDeerhunterUK . . . . . . .Fast C. Ship . . . .BritishDelage . . . . . . . . . . . . .Victory Ship . .AmericanDelazon Smith . . . . . . .Liberty Ship . .AmericanDiana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .T2 Tanker . . . .BritishDinteldijk . . . . . . . . . . .Fast C. Ship . . . . .DutchDonau . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Fast C. Ship . . .GermanDonau . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Transport . . .GermanDonbass . . . . . . . . . . . . .Oil Tanker . . . . .SovietDonna . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Fast C. Ship . . . .BritishDoutels Doubts . . . . . .Slow C Ship . . . . .DutchDow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Slow C Ship . . . .FrenchDow Explorer . . . . . . . .Slow C Ship . .AmericanDrechtdijk . . . . . . . . . . .Fast C. Ship . . . . .DutchDumas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Transport . . . .FrenchDusty Rhodes . . . . . . . .Fast C. Ship .Norwegian

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Medals(text taken from Unterseebootwafe web page and uboat.net)Visit Unterseebootwafe web page at http://www.dataphone.se/~ms/ubootw/welcom.htmand Uboat.net for more info about Medals and other.)

U-bootskriegsabzeichenThe U-bootskriegsabzeichen (U-boat war badge) was awarded to menwho had made two war patrols! Awarded from one month after warstarted = from October 1939.

U-bootsfrontspange BronzeA late war badge. Awarded since May 1944. Here the lower "BronzeClass".

U-bootsfrontspange SilverU-bootsfrontspange in Silver. The higher class. Awarded since lateNovember 1944.

Eisernes Kreuz 2:e KlasseThe Iron Cross 2nd class. The first to receive this decoration in theKriegsmarine was the men who sunk the british aircraft carrier"Courageous" in Septemner 1939 - The whole crew of U-29 wasawarded!

E Earlston . . . . . . . . . . . .Slow C Ship . . . .BritishEl Aleto . . . . . . . . . . . .Fast C. Ship . . . .BritishEl Caney . . . . . . . . . . . .Fast C. Ship . . . .BritishEl Capitan . . . . . . . . . .Slow C Ship . .AmericanEl Oso . . . . . . . . . . . . .Small C Ship . . . .BritishEl Paso . . . . . . . . . . . . .Fast C. Ship . . . .BritishEleonora Maersk . . . . . . .T2 Tanker . . . .BritishElstree Grange . . . . . . .Slow C Ship . . . .BritishEmile Miguet . . . . . . . . .Oil Tanker . . . .BritishEmpire Byron . . . . . . . .Slow C Ship . . . .BritishEmpire Celt . . . . . . . . .Fast C. Ship . . . .BritishEmpire Hope . . . . . . . .Fast C. Ship . . . .BritishEmpire Swain . . . . . . . .Fast C. Ship . . . .BritishEmpire Tide . . . . . . . . .Slow C Ship . . . .BritishEspana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Transport . . .GermanEsso Alvin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Liner . .AmericanEsso Baytown . . . . . . . . .Oil Tanker . .AmericanEsso Hugh . . . . . . . . . . . .T2 Tanker . . . .BritishEsso Norman . . . . . . . . . .T2 Tanker . . . .BritishEsso Pearland . . . . . . . . . . . . .Liner . .AmericanEsso Springfield . . . . . . . .T2 Tanker . .AmericanEvelyn . . . . . . . . . . . .Small C Ship . .AmericanExchequer . . . . . . . . . .Fast C. Ship . .AmericanExiria . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Slow C Ship . .American

FFairfield City . . . . . . . .Slow C Ship . .AmericanFive Forks . . . . . . . . . .Fast C. Ship . .AmericanFive Forks . . . . . . . . . . . .T2 Tanker . . . .BritishFive Lanes . . . . . . . . . . . .T2 Tanker . . . .BritishFlagship Sinco . . . . . . .Fast C. Ship . . . .BritishForde . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Fast C. Ship . . . .BritishFort Bridger . . . . . . . .Small C Ship . .AmericanFort Charlotte . . . . . . . . .T2 Tanker . . . .BritishFort Cheswell . . . . . . . .Fast C. Ship . . . .BritishFort Cheswell . . . . . . . . .Oil Tanker . .AmericanFrance III . . . . . . . . . . .Slow C Ship . . . .FrenchFrancis R Hart . . . . . . . . .Oil Tanker . .AmericanFreeport . . . . . . . . . . . .Fast C. Ship . . . .BritishFresno City . . . . . . . . . .Fast C. Ship . . . .British

G G S Walden . . . . . . . . . . .T2 Tanker . . . .BritishGaronne . . . . . . . . . . . . .Oil Tanker .NorwegianGebharde Anne . . . . . .Slow C Ship . . . .BritishGillespie . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .liner . .AmericanGlenorchy . . . . . . . . . . .Fast C. Ship . . . .BritishGloria Cheryl . . . . . . . .Fast C. Ship . . . .BritishGrand Teton . . . . . . . . . . .T2 Tanker . .AmericanGretchen Brunhilde . . . . .T2 Tanker . . . .BritishGretchen Maria . . . . . . . . . . . .Liner . . .GermanGretchen Maria . . . . . .Small C Ship . . . .BritishGulfbelle . . . . . . . . . . . . .Oil Tanker . .AmericanGulfport . . . . . . . . . . . .Fast C. Ship . . . .British

H Hamm . . . . . . . . . . . . .Slow C Ship . . .GermanHannover . . . . . . . . . . .Fast C. Ship . .AmericanHarpers Ferry . . . . . . . .Fast C. Ship . . . .BritishHartlebury . . . . . . . . . .Slow C Ship . . . .BritishHastings . . . . . . . . . . .Small C Ship . .AmericanHatarana . . . . . . . . . . .Small C Ship . . . .BritishHelena Aretha . . . . . . . .Fast C. Ship . . . .BritishHenry Bacon . . . . . . . .Liberty Ship . .AmericanHerne . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Fast C. Ship . . . .BritishHindenburg . . . . . . . . . .Fast C. Ship . . .GermanHöegh Silverdawn . . . .Fast C. Ship .NorwegianHolmside . . . . . . . . . .Small C Ship . . . .BritishHonomu . . . . . . . . . . . .Slow C Ship . .AmericanHoosier . . . . . . . . . . . . .Fast C. Ship . .AmericanHowell Lykes . . . . . . . . . .Transport . .AmericanHˆegh Silverdawn . . . .Fast C. Ship . . . .British

I Invendargle . . . . . . . . . . .Oil Tanker . . . .BritishIris . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Fast C. Ship . . . .BritishIris . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .T2 Tanker . . . .BritishIron Chieftain . . . . . . . .Slow C Ship . . . .BritishIronclad . . . . . . . . . . . .Slow C Ship . . . .British

J J A Moffett . . . . . . . . . . .Oil Tanker . .AmericanJ Black . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Liner . .AmericanJ. Chan . . . . . . . . . . . . .Fast C. Ship . . . .BritishJacksonville . . . . . . . . .Fast C. Ship . . . .BritishJagdwolf . . . . . . . . . . . .Fast C. Ship . . .GermanJaguar . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Fast C. Ship .NorwegianJarrett M. Huddleston . . . .Transport . .AmericanJasmine Helena . . . . . . . .T2 Tanker . . . .BritishJennings . . . . . . . . . . .Small C Ship . .AmericanJoAnne . . . . . . . . . . . . . .T2 Tanker . . . .BritishJohn Witherspoon . . . . .Liberty Ship . .AmericanJonathan Holt . . . . . . .Small C Ship . . . .BritishJordan . . . . . . . . . . . . .Slow C Ship . . . .FrenchJosiah Cohen . . . . . . . .Liberty Ship . .AmericanJoy Dean . . . . . . . . . . . . .T2 Tanker . . . .BritishJoy Tyrolt . . . . . . . . . . .Victory Ship . .AmericanJoy Tyrolt . . . . . . . . . . . .T2 Tanker . . . .BritishJulia Anne . . . . . . . . . .Liberty Ship . . . .BritishJulia Sarah . . . . . . . . . .Slow C Ship . . . .British

K Karffanger . . . . . . . . . .Fast C. Ship . . .GermanKatharina Julia . . . . . . .Liberty Ship . . . .BritishKatharina Laura . . . . . .Fast C. Ship . . . .BritishKatharina Lea . . . . . . .Small C Ship . . . .BritishKatharina Marie . . . . . .Liberty Ship . . . .BritishKathleen S. Holmes . . .Fast C. Ship . .AmericanKeeweenaw . . . . . . . . .Fast C. Ship . .AmericanKelsy Ophelia . . . . . . . .Liberty Ship . . . .BritishKenbane Head . . . . . . .Fast C. Ship . . . .BritishKettle Creek . . . . . . . . .Fast C. Ship . . . .BritishKings Canyon . . . . . . . .Fast C. Ship . . . .BritishKulick’s Dream . . . . . . . .small boat . . . .BritishKundinger . . . . . . . . . . .Fast C. Ship . . . .British

LLa Sybille . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Liner . .AmericanLady Denison Pender . . . . . . . .mscc . . . .BritishLady Laura . . . . . . . . . . .T2 Tanker . . . .BritishLaney . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Fast C. Ship . .AmericanLaura Maria . . . . . . . . .Fast C. Ship . . . .BritishLaura Maria . . . . . . . .Small C Ship . . . .BritishLaura S. . . . . . . . . . . . .Fast C. Ship . .AmericanLea Julia . . . . . . . . . . . .Liberty Ship . . . .BritishLea Laura . . . . . . . . . . .Fast C. Ship . . . .BritishLea Sophie . . . . . . . . . .Liberty Ship . . . .BritishLeChan . . . . . . . . . . . .Victory Ship . .AmericanLeinster . . . . . . . . . . . .Small C Ship . . . .BritishLeopolda . . . . . . . . . . .Slow C Ship . . . .BritishLeopolda Julia . . . . . . . . .T2 Tanker . . . .BritishLeopolda Lisa . . . . . . . .Liberty Ship . . . .BritishLesto . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .mscc . . . .BritishLiberty ship . . . . . . . . .Liberty Ship . .AmericanLinda B. . . . . . . . . . . . .Fast C. Ship . . . .BritishLisa Gebharde . . . . . . .Liberty Ship . . . .BritishLisa Maria . . . . . . . . . .Liberty Ship . . . .BritishLochgoil . . . . . . . . . . . .Fast C. Ship . . . .BritishLone Jack . . . . . . . . . . . .T2 Tanker . .AmericanLord Wesley . . . . . . . . . . .T2 Tanker . . . .BritishLouden . . . . . . . . . . . . . .T2 Tanker . .AmericanLyia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Fast C. Ship . . . .British

M MAC Rapana . . . . . . . .Fast C. Ship . . . .BritishMacbrae . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .mscc . . . .British

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Kriegsmarine US Navy

Matrose . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Apprentice Seaman

Maschinengefreiter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Fireman, 3rd Class

Matrosen- or Mechanikergefreiter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Seaman, 3rd Class

Maschinenobergefreiter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Fireman, 2nd Class

Matrosen- or Mechanikerobergefreiter . . . . . . . . . . . . .Seaman, 1st Class

Funkmaat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Radioman, 3rd Class

Mechanikersmaat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Torpedoman's Mate, 3rd Class

Maschinistenmaat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Fireman, 1st Class

Bootsmannmaat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Petty Officer, 3rd Class, Coxswain

Oberfunkmaat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Radioman, 2nd Class

Obermaschinistenmaat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Machinist's Mate, 2nd Class

Obermechanikersmaat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Torpedoman's Mater, 2nd Class

Oberbootsmannsmaat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Petty Officer, 2nd Class

Boatswain's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Mate, 2nd Class

Mechaniker . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Torpedo Man's Mate, 1st Class

Bootsmann . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Petty Officer, 1st Class

Boatswain's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Mate, 1st Class

Maschinist . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Maschinist's Mate, 1st Class

Oberbootsmann . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Chief Petty Officer

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Chief Boatswain's Mate

Obermaschinist . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Machinist (Warrant Officer)

Obersteuermann . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Warrant Quartermaster

Fahnrich zur See . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Midshipman

Oberfahnrich zur See . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(Senior Office Candidate)

Leutnant zur See Ensign

Leutnant (I) Ensign . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(engineering duties)

Oberleutnant zur See Lieutenant . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(junior grade)

Oberleutnant (I) Lieutenant . . . . . . . . . .(junior grade, enginering duties)

Kapitanleutnant Lieutenant

Korvettenkapit&aumln Lieutenant . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Commander

Fregettenkapitan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Commander

Kapitan zur See . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Captain

Kommodore . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Commodore

(courtesy title for Captain holding a flag rank)

Konteradmiral . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Rear Admiral

Vizeadmiral . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Vice Admiral

Admiral . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Admiral

Generaladmiral . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Admiral (Fleet Commander)

Grossadmiral . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Fleet Admiral

Comparative RanksMaidan . . . . . . . . . . . . .Fast C. Ship . . . .BritishMaiden Creek . . . . . . .Small C Ship . .AmericanMalabar . . . . . . . . . . . .Small C Ship . . . .BritishMalmanger . . . . . . . . . . .Oil Tanker .NorwegianManchester Division . . .Fast C. Ship . . . .BritishMargram Abbey . . . . . . . . . . . .mscc . . . .BritishMaria . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Fast C. Ship . . . .BritishMaria . . . . . . . . . . . . .Slow C Ship . . . .BritishMaria Lea . . . . . . . . . .Slow C Ship . . . .BritishMaria Michelle . . . . . . .Fast C. Ship . . . .BritishMarie . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Fast C. Ship . . . .BritishMarie Sarah . . . . . . . . .Fast C. Ship . . . .BritishMarpessa . . . . . . . . . . . . .Oil Tanker . . . . .DutchMarÈchal Joffre . . . . . . .Fast C. Ship . . . .FrenchMarÈchal Petain . . . . . . . . .Transport . . . .FrenchMathura . . . . . . . . . . . .Fast C. Ship . . . .BritishMeekerk . . . . . . . . . . . .Fast C. Ship . . . . .DutchMelinda . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Liner . .AmericanMerula . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Oil Tanker . . . . .DutchMichelle Laura . . . . . . .Fast C. Ship . . . .BritishMichelle Laura . . . . . . . . .T2 Tanker . . . .BritishMiriam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .T2 Tanker . . . .BritishMission San Francisco . . .T2 Tanker . .AmericanMontenegro . . . . . . . . .Fast C. Ship . . . .BritishMonty . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .T2 Tanker . . . .BritishMormacsaga . . . . . . . . .Fast C. Ship . .AmericanMorris . . . . . . . . . . . . .Fast C. Ship . . . .FrenchMoses Austin . . . . . . . .Liberty Ship . .AmericanMosli . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Fast C. Ship .Norwegian

NNatasha . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Liner . .AmericanNatashee . . . . . . . . . . . . .small boat . . . .BritishNavarino . . . . . . . . . . .Slow C Ship . . . .BritishNbattle Roc . . . . . . . . .Slow C Ship . .AmericanNemesis . . . . . . . . . . . .Fast C. Ship . . . .BritishNeptune’s Car . . . . . . .Small C Ship . .AmericanNevasa . . . . . . . . . . . . .Fast C. Ship . . . .BritishNils Moller . . . . . . . . . .Fast C. Ship . . . .BritishNorth Cornwall . . . . . .Slow C Ship . . . .BritishNyholm . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Oil Tanker .Norwegian

OOakmar . . . . . . . . . . . .Slow C Ship . .AmericanOcean Princess . . . . . . . .Oil Tanker . .AmericanOcean Telegraph . . . . .Slow C Ship . .AmericanOcean Vanguard . . . . . .Liberty Ship . . . .BritishOlean . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Oil Tanker . .AmericanOlga . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Liner . .AmericanOlga Gretchen . . . . . . .Fast C. Ship . . . .BritishOlopana . . . . . . . . . . . .Slow C Ship . .AmericanOrungal . . . . . . . . . . . .Fast C. Ship . . . .BritishOssian . . . . . . . . . . . . .Small C Ship . . . .BritishOve Toft . . . . . . . . . . . .Slow C Ship . . .German

PPan Atlantic . . . . . . . . .Slow C Ship . .AmericanPan Kraft . . . . . . . . . . .Slow C Ship . .AmericanPan Norway . . . . . . . . .Fast C. Ship .NorwegianPaoli . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Fast C. Ship . . . .BritishPatty . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Fast C. Ship . . . .BritishPaulus Potter . . . . . . . .Slow C Ship . . . . .DutchPerote . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .T2 Tanker . .AmericanPersident Herrenschmidt .Oil Tanker .NorwegianPeter Kerr . . . . . . . . . .Slow C Ship . .AmericanPetrofina . . . . . . . . . . . . .Oil Tanker .NorwegianPetronella . . . . . . . . . .Small C Ship . . . . .DutchPierre . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Victory Ship . .AmericanPlumleaf . . . . . . . . . . . .Slow C Ship . . . .BritishPopek . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .liner . .AmericanPort Chalmers . . . . . . . .Fast C. Ship . . . .BritishPort Huon . . . . . . . . . . .Fast C. Ship . . . .BritishPort Republic . . . . . . . .Fast C. Ship . .AmericanPrague . . . . . . . . . . . . .Slow C Ship . . . .British

President Coolidge . . . . . . . . .Liner . .AmericanPriska Gebharde . . . . . .Liberty Ship . . . .BritishPriska Katharina . . . . . . .T2 Tanker . . . .BritishPulpit Rock . . . . . . . . . . .T2 Tanker . .American

Q Queen City . . . . . . . . . .Fast C. Ship . . . .British

R Radchurch . . . . . . . . . .Small C Ship . . . .BritishRainier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .T2 Tanker . .AmericanRamlah . . . . . . . . . . . . .Fast C. Ship . . . .BritishRamlah . . . . . . . . . . . . .Fast C. Ship . . .GermanRaton Pass . . . . . . . . . . . .T2 Tanker . .AmericanRebecca . . . . . . . . . . . .Victory Ship . .AmericanRecorder . . . . . . . . . . . .Fast C. Ship . . . .BritishRed River . . . . . . . . . . .Fast C. Ship . . . .BritishRed Rover . . . . . . . . . .Slow C Ship . .AmericanRenoir . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Oil Tanker . .AmericanRichard Bland . . . . . . .Liberty Ship . .AmericanRiver Afton . . . . . . . . .Slow C Ship . . . .BritishRiverside . . . . . . . . . . .Fast C. Ship . .AmericanRochester . . . . . . . . . . . .Oil Tanker . . . .BritishRoland . . . . . . . . . . . . .Fast C. Ship . . . .BritishRomanby . . . . . . . . . . .Fast C. Ship . . . .BritishRoyal Scot . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .mscc . . . .BritishRudi Peck . . . . . . . . . . .Fast C. Ship . . .GermanRufus W. Peckham . . . .Liberty Ship . .AmericanRushmore . . . . . . . . . . . .T2 Tanker . . . .British

S S. Storc . . . . . . . . . . . . .Fast C. Ship . . . .BritishSamfreedom . . . . . . . . .Liberty Ship . . . .BritishSamuel Chase . . . . . . . .Liberty Ship . .AmericanSamvern . . . . . . . . . . . .Liberty Ship . . . .BritishSan Antonio . . . . . . . . .Fast C. Ship . . . .BritishSan Casimiro . . . . . . . . . .Oil Tanker . . . .BritishSan Saba . . . . . . . . . . . .Fast C. Ship . . . .BritishSan Zotico . . . . . . . . . . . .T2 Tanker . . . .BritishSanta Elisa . . . . . . . . . .Slow C Ship . .AmericanSarah . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Fast C. Ship . . . .BritishSarah Anne . . . . . . . . .Liberty Ship . . . .BritishSarah Gretchen . . . . . .Small C Ship . . . .BritishSarah J. Hale . . . . . . . .Liberty Ship . .AmericanSarah Katharina . . . . .Small C Ship . . . .BritishSaranac . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Oil Tanker . . . .BritishSargent . . . . . . . . . . . . .Fast C. Ship . . . .BritishSea Cardinal . . . . . . . . .Fast C. Ship . .AmericanSea Hare . . . . . . . . . . . .Fast C. Ship . .AmericanSenneville . . . . . . . . . .Slow C Ship . . . .FrenchShawnessy . . . . . . . . . .Fast C. Ship . . . .BritishShenandoah . . . . . . . . .Fast C. Ship . .AmericanSilver Sword . . . . . . . .Slow C Ship . . . .BritishSilverlarch . . . . . . . . . .Slow C Ship . . . .BritishSimone . . . . . . . . . . . . .Fast C. Ship . . . .BritishSinclair Rubilene . . . . . . .T2 Tanker . .AmericanSirhan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Oil Tanker . .AmericanSkraandeska . . . . . . . . .Fast C. Ship . . . . .DutchSlieve Bawn . . . . . . . . . . . . . .mscc . . . .BritishSnyder . . . . . . . . . . . . .Fast C. Ship . . . .FrenchSophie . . . . . . . . . . . .Small C Ship . . . .BritishSophie Lea . . . . . . . . . .Slow C Ship . . . .BritishSophie Marie . . . . . . . .Liberty Ship . . . .BritishSophie Michelle . . . . .Small C Ship . . . .BritishSpindletop . . . . . . . . . .Fast C. Ship . .AmericanStanley . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .T2 Tanker . . . .BritishStar Gazer . . . . . . . . . . .Fast C. Ship . . .GermanStormin . . . . . . . . . . . . . .small boat . . . .BritishStrake Oil . . . . . . . . . . . .Oil Tanker . .AmericanSudan Squire . . . . . . . .Fast C. Ship . . . .BritishSully’s Hill . . . . . . . . . . .T2 Tanker . .AmericanSusschen Marie . . . . . .Liberty Ship . . . .BritishSuzanne . . . . . . . . . . . .Victory Ship . .AmericanSuzy Marie . . . . . . . . . .Fast C. Ship . . . .British

- 48 -

Leutnant zur See (Ensign), Line

Oberleutnant zur See (Lieutenant), Communications Reserve

Kapitänleutnant (Lieutenant), Naval coast artillery

Korvettenkapitän (Lieutenant Comm.), Defensive ordnance

Fregattenkapitän (Commander), Administration

Kapitän zur See (Captain),Technical communications

Kommodore (Commodore), Ordnance

Konteradmiral (Rear admiral), Engineering

Vizeadmiral (Vice admiral), Medical

Admiral (Admiral), Line

Kriegsmarine Ranks(taken from Unterseebootwafe web page)Visit Unterseebootwafe web page at http://www.dataphone.se/~ms/ubootw/welcom.htmor Uboat.net for more info about Ranks and other interesting materials)

- 9-

Sweepstakes . . . . . . . .Slow C Ship . .AmericanSweetwater . . . . . . . . . . .T2 Tanker . .AmericanSwiftpool . . . . . . . . . .Small C Ship . . . .British

TTalamanca . . . . . . . . . .Fast C. Ship . .AmericanTalisse . . . . . . . . . . . . .Fast C. Ship . . . . .DutchTama . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .T2 Tanker . . . .BritishTama Aretha . . . . . . . . . .T2 Tanker . . . .BritishTexas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Oil Tanker . .AmericanTexas Trader . . . . . . . .Small C Ship . .AmericanThe Cottonwoods . . . . . . .T2 Tanker . .AmericanTheodora . . . . . . . . . . .Fast C. Ship . . . .BritishTheodora . . . . . . . . . . . . .T2 Tanker . . . .BritishTheodora . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .mscc . . . .BritishThrush . . . . . . . . . . . . .Fast C. Ship . . . .BritishThuban . . . . . . . . . . . . .Slow C Ship . .AmericanTipp . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .T2 Tanker . .AmericanTonya Penelope . . . . . .Fast C. Ship . . . .BritishTonya Penelope . . . . . . . .Oil Tanker . .AmericanTrewellard . . . . . . . . . .Slow C Ship . . . .BritishTriplis . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Fast C. Ship . . . .BritishTroopship . . . . . . . . . . . . .Transport . . . .BritishTroubador . . . . . . . . . .Slow C Ship . . . .BritishTucker . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .T2 Tanker . . . .BritishTule Canyon . . . . . . . . . .T2 Tanker . .American

U U.S.S.R. Victory . . . . . .Victory Ship . .American

VVaclite . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Oil Tanker . . . .BritishValerie . . . . . . . . . . . .Small C Ship . . . .BritishValerie Diane . . . . . . . .Liberty Ship . . . .BritishValerie’s Joy . . . . . . . . . .Oil Tanker . .American

Vancolite . . . . . . . . . . . . .T2 Tanker . . . .BritishVanessa Gretchen . . . . . . .T2 Tanker . . . .BritishVelma Lykes . . . . . . . .Slow C Ship . .AmericanVeronika . . . . . . . . . . .Fast C. Ship . . . .BritishVicker’s Folly . . . . . . . .Fast C. Ship . . . .BritishVicker’s Folly2 . . . . . . . . . . . .mscc . . . .BritishVickers . . . . . . . . . . . . .Fast C. Ship . . . .BritishVickie . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Fast C. Ship . . . .BritishVickie . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Fast C. Ship . . . . .DutchVickie’s Pride . . . . . . . .Fast C. Ship . . . .BritishVictory ship . . . . . . . . .Victory Ship . . . .BritishVirginian . . . . . . . . . . . .Fast C. Ship . .American

WW. S. Miller . . . . . . . . . .Oil Tanker . .AmericanWahoo Swamp . . . . . . . . .T2 Tanker . .AmericanWaimarama . . . . . . . . . .Fast C. Ship . . . .BritishWashington . . . . . . . . .Slow C Ship . .AmericanWest Hematite . . . . . . .Slow C Ship . . . .BritishWest Indies . . . . . . . . . .Fast C. Ship . . . .BritishWharton . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Transport . .AmericanWhitney . . . . . . . . . . . . . .T2 Tanker . . . .BritishWinged Victory . . . . . .Victory Ship . .AmericanWinston Salem . . . . . . .Slow C Ship . .American

X Xaviera Tacita . . . . . . .Liberty Ship . .American

YYarraville . . . . . . . . . . . .Oil Tanker . . . .British

Z Zenzi Lisa . . . . . . . . . .Slow C Ship . . . .BritishZina Rosalind . . . . . . . .Fast C. Ship . . . .BritishZitella . . . . . . . . . . . . .Small C Ship . . . .British

Komandant. All differences between this version of Lloyd’s Register and factsfinded out during your combat mission report directly to your flotila B-DienstOfficer.

- 47 -

Conversion Tab

Conversions

Meters Feet

12 peri depth . . . . . . . . . . .3215 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5030 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10046 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15062 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .20068 crash depth . . . . . . . . . .22177 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .25092 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .300108 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .350123 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .400139 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .450154 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .500169 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .550185 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .600200 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .650216 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .700

1 meter: 39,37 inches. = 3,3 feet.1 fathom: 6 feet = 1,829 m1 nautical mile: 1.1516 statute miles = 1 852 m1 yard: 0,9144 m

- 10 -

US Destroyer Silhouettes, ID Register,Description

US Porter Class DestroyerDisp: 1.873 t Lenght: 116 m Beam: 10 mDraft: 4 m Speed: 37 kt Mast: 24

Launched: 1935, Endurance: 6,500 nm (12 kt), Armament: Guns: 3x2 5in/38 dual-purposeAA: 2x40mm Twin Bofors 1x40mm Quad Bofors 6x20mm Oerlikons Torpedo Tubes:2x4 21inAlthough the U.S. Navy possessed the largest fleet of destroyers in the world, it desired a class of shipswhich could serve as destroyer "leaders", mainly due to the lack of light cruisers with which to fill thatrole. The result was the Porter class. Built to the treaty limit of 1850 tons for "leaders", the Porters origi-nally had 8 5-inch single-purpose guns in 4 turrets, but these were replaced by the 6 heavier, but moreuseful dual-purpose guns and the heavier AA armament for wartime service.

US Somers Class DestroyerDisp: 2.047 t Lenght: 116 m Beam: 10 mDraft: 4 m Speed: 37 kt Mast: 24

Launched: 1935, Endurance: 7,500 nm (15 kt), Armament: Guns: 4x5in/38 dual-purposeAA: 2x40mm Twin Bofors, 3x20mm Oerlikons Torpedo Tubes: 3x4 21inThis was a modified version of the Porter-class destroyer leader designed to carry an additional 4-tube tor-pedo mount on the centerline, giving it the largest torpedo broadside of any U.S. Navy destroyer.Unfortunately, the extra weight made it difficult to mount additional AA armament.

US Farragut Class DestroyerDisp: 1.358 t Lenght: 101 m Beam: 10 mDraft: 4 m Speed: 37 kt Mast: 28

Launched: 1934, Endurance: 2,500 nm (20 kt), Armament: Guns: 4x5in/38 dual-purposeAA: 2x40mm twin Bofors 5x20mm Oerlikons Torpedo Tubes: 2x4 21in, DC’s: 36/44B-Diensr reporting the Farragut class was the first of the post-WWI destroyer designs commissioned forthe U.S. Navy and served as the prototypes for all subsequent U.S. destroyers until the Fletcher classappeared. The 5-inch guns and centerline torpedo mounts were a distinct improvement over the armamentof the old Clemson and Wickes "4-stackers."

- 46 -

Periscope cross hairs

UZO cross hairs

Torpedo station gaugues

1x zoom 4x zoom

Speed: 1 degree = 1,66Range: 1 degree = 3,33Periscope: 1 degree = 5

0,5°

1,5°

2,5°

3,5°

4,5°

5,5°

6,5°

0,25°

0,75°

1,25°

1,75°

2,25°

2,75°

0,5°

1,5°

2,5°

1°

2°

3°

1°

2°

3°

4°

5°

6°

0,25°

0,5°

1,75°

1°

- 11 -

US Fletcher Class DestroyerDisp: 2.325 t Lenght: 114 m Beam: 16 mDraft: 4 m Speed: 37 kt Mast: 28

Launched: 1942, Endurance: 6,500 nm (15 kt), Armament: Guns: 5x5in/38 dual-purposeAA: 5x40mm twin Bofors, 7x20mm Oerlikons, Torpedo Tubes: 2x5 21in, DC’s: 58/62The largest single class of U.S. destroyers. The large increase in size over previous classes allowed a sub-stantial increase in AA armament without reducing the main battery or torpedo loads. Because of theirflush-deck design, the Fletchers were mainly stationed in the Pacific while the earlier forecastle designswere mainly sent to the Atlantic.

US Gleaves Class DestroyerDisp: 1.838 t Lenght: 107 m Beam: 11 mDraft: 4 m Speed: 35 kt Mast: 24

Launched: 1939, Endurance: 6,500 nm (12 kt), Armament: Guns: 4x5in/38 dual-purposeAA: 2x40mm twin Bofors 7x20mm Oerlikons Torpedo Tubes: 1x5 21in, DC’s: 72/76The Benson/Gleaves class (the two were almost indistinguishable) was the last of the pre-war U.S. destro-yer types. Originally armed with 5 5-inch guns and 2 5-torpedo mounts, the armament was reconfiguredearly in production to accommodate additional AA guns. Most Benson/Gleaves-class destroyers were stati-oned in the Atlantic.

US Benson Class DestroyerDisp: 1.878 t Lenght: 107 m Beam: 11 mDraft: 4 m Speed: 36 kt Mast: 24

Launched: 1939, Endurance: 6,500 nm (12 kt), Armament: Guns: 4x5in/38 dual-purposeAA: 2x40mm twin Bofors, 7x20mm Oerlikons Torpedo Tubes: 1x5 21in, DC’s: 72/76The Benson/Gleaves class (the two were almost indistinguishable) was the last of the pre-war U.S.destroyer types. Originally armed with 5 5-inch guns and 2 5-torpedo mounts, the armament was recon-figured early in production to accommodate additional AA guns. Most Benson/Gleaves-class destroyerswere stationed in the Atlantic.

- 45 -

Target‘s Range

A - degrees. can be read from the periscope or UZO.M - mast. can be read from ID RegisterD - range.

D= M / tanA

Values, rulers, conversions...

degree tan0,1 0,0017453310,25 0,004363350,5 0,0087268670,75 0,0130907171 0,0174550641,25 0,0218200771,5 0,0261859211,75 0,0305527632 0,0349207692,25 0,0392901072,5 0,0436609422,75 0,0480334443 0,052407779

M

D

A

- 12 -

US Gridley Class DestroyerDisp: 1.589 t Lenght: 92 m Beam: 10 mDraft: 4 m Speed: 39 kt Mast: 28

Launched: 1936, Endurance: 6,500 nm (12 kt), Armament: Guns: 4x5in/38 dual-purposeAA: 5x20mm Oerlikons Torpedo Tubes: 4x4 21in, DC’s: 36/44

US Mahan Class DestroyerDisp: 1.834 t Lenght: 92 m Beam: 10 mDraft: 4 m Speed: 37 kt Mast: 28

Launched: 1935, Endurance: 6,500 nm (12 kt), Armament: Guns: 4x5in/38 dual-purposeAA: 2x40mm Twin Bofors 5x20mm Oerlikons Torpedo Tubes: 3x4 21in, DC’s: 36/44The Mahan class was the first up-sized successor to the Farragut, allowing a third torpedo mount to besqueezed in, though this required two aft mounts positioned outboard of the centerline. Like the Farraguts,these were originally 5-gun destroyers, but the number 3 gun was landed during the war to make room forthe twin Bofors mounts.

US Sims Class DestroyerDisp: 1.764 t Lenght: 108 m Beam: 11 mDraft: 5 m Speed: 35 kt Mast: 24

Launched: 1938, Endurance: 6,500 nm (12 kt), Armament: Guns: 4x5in/38 dual-purposeAA: 2x40mm Twin Bofors, 5x20mm Oerlikons Torpedo Tubes: 2x4 21in, DC’s: 36/44/48Freed from the 1500-ton per ship limitations, the Sims class ended up badly overweight in its originalincarnation. As a result, like most of its predecessors the original 5-gun battery was reduced to 4 just toaccommodate a pair of twin Bofors mounts, as well as the addition of depth chargeweaponry. The originaltorpedo battery was to have been 3 mounts as in the Mahan, but the third mount was ommittedto saveweight (the extra mounts were used on the Atlanta-class cruisers.)

- 44 -

U-boat's evasive maneuvers(text taken from uboat.net)Visit uboat.net for full exposition.

The U-boats of course using tactics to evade the depth charges andHedgehogs. The best time to act is when the attacking vessel had takenits lead angle and the ASDIC contact was just lost.

A very common move is to run away from the escort and force it on astern chase pinging through the wake of the U-boat which could givethe ASDIC a hard time. Then at the moment of the ASDIC loosingcontact the U-boat take a radical turn to left or right and more oftenthan nor escaped out of the attacking pattern.

Yet another tactic is to dive very deep and under a thermal layer orbeneath the depth at which depth charges were normally set to explo-de.

The VonSpike MAS Depth Chartlook for VonSpike’s tactical notes and ful exposition of this in WPL/EGL forum

Active sonar sends out a “beam” of sound from the transmitting ship.This beam has the same basic shape as a beam of light from a flash-light. It also decreases in strength with distance just like light from aflashlight becomes less efficient with distance. The maximum effecti-ve distance for active sonar in WWII was about 2500 yards. Thisrange was greatly affected by a variety of factors including weatherconditions, isothermal layers, ocean currents and the skill of the opera-tor.

Depth (m) Range (m)

92 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .31184 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .61276 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .92368 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .123460 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .154552 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .185644 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .216736 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .247829 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .278920 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .309

- 13 -

US Sumner Class DestroyerDisp: 2.610 t Lenght: 114 m Beam: 17 mDraft: 5 m Speed: 36 kt Mast: 30

Launched: 1943, Endurance: 3,300 nm (20 kt), Armament: Guns: 3x2 5in/38 dual-purposeAA: 2x40mm twin Bofors, 2x40mm quad Bofors, 11x20mm Oerlikons Torpedo Tubes:2x5 21inThis upgrade to the Fletcher class was designed to carry the 5-inch twin gun mount which was beginningto see use on cruisers and battleships, allowing an increase in main battery armament and an increase inavailable centerline space. Unfortunately, the class became a victim of all this extra space and was badlyoverweight, resulting in poor range and handling characteristics. In fact, the follow-on Gearing class hadessentially the same armament on a longer hull to improve the situation.

US Wickes Class DestroyerDisp: 1.090 t Lenght: 96 m Beam: 10 mDraft: 5 m Speed: 35 kt Mast: 24

Launched: 1918, Endurance: 2,500 nm (20 kt), Armament: Guns: 4x5in/50 AA: 3x20mmOerlikons Torpedo Tubes: 4x3 21in, DC’s: 48B-Dienst reporting this large class of World-War I destroyers as well as the Clemson class was retained bythe U.S. Navy, though many were kept in mothballs until the start of World War II, at which time 50 weregiven to England in exchange for basing rights. These ships were considered obsolete even when theywere built and many were converted to mine sweepers and fast transports.

US Clemson Class DestroyerDisp: 1.126 t Lenght: 96 m Beam: 10 mDraft: 5 m Speed: 35 kt Mast: 24

Launched: 1918, Endurance: 2,500 nm (20 kt), Armament: Guns: 4x5in/50 AA: 3x20mmOerlikons Torpedo Tubes: 4x3 21in, DC’s: 48B-Dienst reporting this large class of World-War I destroyers as well as the Clemson class was retained bythe U.S. Navy, though many were kept in mothballs until the start of World War II, at which time 50 weregiven to England in exchange for basing rights. These ships were considered obsolete even when theywere built and many were converted to mine sweepers and fast transports.

Range in meters

Range in meters

Range in meters

- 43 -

Knots: 23 24 25 26 27 28 29

1 min 710 741 772 803 833 864 8951 sec 11,8 12,3 12,9 13,4 13,9 14,4 14,9

2 min 1420 1482 1543 1605 1667 1729 17903 min 2130 2222 2315 2408 2500 2593 26854 min 2840 2963 3087 3210 3334 3457 35815 min 3550 3704 3858 4013 4167 4321 447610 min 7099 7408 7717 8025 8334 8643 895130 min 21298 22224 23150 24076 25002 25928 2685460 min 42596 44448 46300 48152 50004 51856 53708

Knots: 30 31 32 33 34 35 36

1 min 926 957 988 1019 1049 1080 11111 sec 15,4 15,9 16,5 17 17,5 18 18,5


Knots: 37 38 39 40 41 42 44

1 min 1142 1173 1204 1235 1266 1296 13581 sec 19 19,5 20,1 20,6 21,1 21,6 22,6


- 14 -

US Benham Class DestroyerDisp: 1.650 t Lenght: 92 m Beam: 10 mDraft: 4 m Speed: 38 kt Mast: 28

Launched: 1938, Endurance: 6,500 nm (12 kt), Armament: Guns: 4x5in/38 dual-purposeAA: 2x40mm Twin Bofors, 5x20mm Oerlikons Torpedo Tubes: 2x4 21in, DC’s: 36/44

US Bagley Class DestroyerDisp: 1.646 t Lenght: 92 m Beam: 10 mDraft: 4 m Speed: 37 kt Mast: 28

Launched: 1936 Displacement: 1646 tons 2245 tons full loadLength: 341ft. Beam: 35ft. Speed: 38.5 kts. Draft: 12ft. Endurance: 6,500 nm (12 kt) Armament: Guns: 4x5in/38 dual-purpose AA: 5x20mm Oerlikons Torpedo Tubes: 4x4 21in, DC’s: 36/44

Range in meters

Range in meters

- 42 -

Range / time TAB

Knots: 1 2 4 5 6 7 8

1 min 31 62 123 154 185 216 2471 sec 0,5 1 2,1 2,6 3,1 3,6 4,1


Knots: 9 10 11 12 13 14 15

1 min 278 309 340 370 401 432 4631 sec 4,6 5,1 5,7 6,2 6,7 7,2 7,7


Knots: 16 17 18 19 20 21 22

1 min 494 525 556 586 617 648 6791 sec 8,2 8,7 9,3 9,8 10,3 10,8 11,3


Range in meters

- 15 -

War Ships Silhouettes, ID Register

Destroyers

Aigle (France) DDTonnage: 2 441 t Length: 127 m Beam: 11 mDraft: 5 m Speed: 38 kt Mast: 29 m

A Class (England) DDTonnage: 1 360 t Length: 98 m Beam: 10 mDraft: 4 m Speed: 35 kt Mast: 18 m

B Class (England) DDTonnage: 1 360 t Length: 98 m Beam: 10 mDraft: 4 m Speed: 35 kt Mast: 18 m

Battle (England) DDTonnage: 2 315 t Length: 115 m Beam: 12 mDraft: 4 m Speed: 35 kt Mast: 21 m

L’Adroit (France) DDTonnage: 1 378 t Length: 106 m Beam: 12 mDraft: 5 m Speed: 29 kt Mast: 24 m

- 41 -

Alli

ed T

echn

olo

gy

Tim

elin

e

1939

1940

1941

1942

1943

1944

1945

WA

BO

: 6 fp

s -

50 s

ec -

--->

100

m

WA

BO

: 6 fp

s -

50 s

ec -

--->

100

m

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Jul

WA

BO

: 6 fp

s -

50 s

ec -

--->

100

mJa

nF

ebM

arA

prM

ayJu

nA

ugS

epO

ctN

ovD

ecJu

l

WA

BO

: 6 fp

s -

50 s

ec -

--->

100

mW

AB

O: 1

2 fp

s -

25 s

ec -

--->

100

mJa

nF

ebM

arA

prM

ayJu

nA

ugS

epO

ctN

ovD

ecJu

l

WA

BO

: 12

fps

- 25

s -

> 1

00 m

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Jul

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Jul

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

WA

BO

: 15

fps

- 20

sec

---

-> 1

00 m

Sg

Rad

ar: S

urf s

ub 7

-10

nm, p

eri 5

nm

Sg

Rad

ar: S

urf s

ub 7

-10

nm, p

eri 5

nm

Sg

Rad

ar: S

urf s

ub 7

-10

nm, p

eri 5

nm

Sg

Rad

ar

WA

BO

: 15

fps

- 20

sec

---

-> 1

00 m

HF

/DF

: rad

ar e

mis

sion

s, r

adio

sig

nals

HF

/DF

: rad

ar e

mis

sion

s, r

adio

sig

nals

HF

/DF

: rad

ar e

mis

sion

s, r

adio

sig

nals

WA

BO

: 15

fps

- 20

sec

---

-> 1

00 m

- 16 -

P Class (England) DDTonnage: 1 550 t Length: 123 m Beam: 14 mDraft: 4 m Speed: 37 kt Mast: 23 m

O Class (England) DDTonnage: 1 550 t Length: 123 m Beam: 14 mDraft: 4 m Speed: 37 kt Mast: 23 m

Scott (England) DDTonnage: 2 235 t Length: 109 m Beam: 11 mDraft: 4 m Speed: 35 kt Mast: 23 m

Tribal (England) DDTonnage: 1 959 t Length: 116 m Beam: 11 mDraft: 4 m Speed: 36 kt Mast: 20 m

V Class (England) DDTonnage: 1 188 t Length: 93 m Beam: 11 mDraft: 4 m Speed: 25 kt Mast: 21 m

W Class (England) DDTonnage: 1 188 t Length: 93 m Beam: 11 mDraft: 4 m Speed: 25 kt Mast: 21 m

- 40 -

Example of Convoy Structureand Common Theory of Aproach

5.500

m

1.500

m

2.300

m

5 nm

= 9

.260

m

rada

r ran

ge (p

eri!)

1.50

0 m

+/-

1.8

00 msc

ope

mus

t be

dow

n al

l tim

eun

til y

ou a

re r

eady

to a

ttack

subm

erge

d U

-boo

t

engi

nes

stop

engi

nes

stop

rang

e to

firs

t mer

ch in

con

voy

arou

nd 3

.500

m

rang

e to

firs

t mer

ch in

con

voy

arou

nd 4

000

m

flank

and

atta

ck la

st 1

or

2m

erch

s in

con

voy

activ

e so

nar

rang

epa

sive

son

ar r

ange

a)

a)

b)

b)

c)

c)

Values of sensor ranges are max. - in ideal weatherand other conditions.

- 17 -

Escorts

DET (USA) EscTonnage: 1 253 t Length: 86 m Beam: 10 mDraft: 4 m Speed: 20 kt Mast: 28 m

Castle (England) EscTonnage: 1 060 t Length: 77 m Beam: 9 mDraft: 3 m Speed: 18 kt Mast: 28 m

GMT (USA) EscTonnage: 1 192 t Length: 86 m Beam: 10 mDraft: 4 m Speed: 21 kt Mast: 28 m

Flower (England) EscTonnage: 1 110 t Length: 66 m Beam: 9 mDraft: 5 m Speed: 17 kt Mast: 17 m

Treasury (USA) EscTonnage: 2 350 t Length: 100 m Beam: 16 mDraft: 4 m Speed: 20 kt Mast: 28 m

Tempress (USA) EscTonnage: 925 t Length: 66 m Beam: 9 mDraft: 5 m Speed: 17 kt Mast: 17 m

- 39 -

All depths are rounded (50, 100, 150, 200, 250, 300, 350 ft). At thesedepths (tab below) you will have a 25 foot zone of safty fromm DC`s.From captured Alies material it says depth charges must be within 10 feet.

And also you will hear DD noise at 2000 meters from any sub station so aDD at flank x=speed will travel 1400 meters in 1 minute and the sub willtravel at flank 250 meters in 1 minute. Remember weather and class of DDwill change this some.

Depths for being some what safe from DD depth charging.

Meters Feets

23 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7538 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12553 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .17469 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .22684 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .27599 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .325114 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .374130 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .426145 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .475160 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .525175 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .574191 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .626206 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .675221 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .725236 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .774252 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .836267 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .875282 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .925

(from WPL B-Dienst ofizer - U224)look for U224’s tactical notes in WPL forum.

Old contactsDon't think it is safe to give away a contact and then move somewhereelse, there is a bug in the games (both dc and sh2) which allows a tail to beviewed if you zoom the map out far enough, if you give away a contactthis will show which direction you are heading for about the next 20 mins

Good HuntingKalloth

- 18 -

Hunt G2 (England) EscTonnage: 1 050 t Length: 85 m Beam: 9 mDraft: 3 m Speed: 27 kt Mast: 15 m


WGT (USA) EscTonnage: 1 430 t Length: 86 m Beam: 10 mDraft: 4 m Speed: 23 kt Mast: 28 m

TEY (USA) EscTonnage: 1 430 t Length: 86 m Beam: 10 mDraft: 4 m Speed: 23 kt Mast: 28 m

TE (USA) EscTonnage: 1 432 t Length: 86 m Beam: 10 mDraft: 4 m Speed: 23 kt Mast: 28 m


- 38 -

Komandanten,I have played as a destroyer lots and can give away a lot of info aboutremaining undetected. I agree with the xo (of the 1st fleet) that remainingundetected is the most important thing for a sub, even if the dd's don't killyou immediately, having one floating above you will seriously hamperyour efforts to torp a convoy. On the other hand, if you can loose all yourtorps and get down really deep before the dd gets to you, it is easy to live.

Huff Duff (High Frequency Direction Finding)If you use team chat, this sends out a radio signal which the dd's can pickup (note using all chat will never give away your position), The hfdf sys-tem can also pick up your radar emissions. This system was only installedin dd's from sept 43, so if the scenario is set before this date you cant bedetected by this method.Solution, never use team chat and always turn your radar off before youunpause the game at the start (after sept 43)

RadarDestroyers have 2 types of radar, the first (sc) is completely useless againstsubs (although it can pick up a surfaced sub at 4000yrds), the second (sg)is very effective, Sg radar will find a surfaced sub at 7 - 10 Nm(nauticalmiles) and will find a periscope above the water at 5Nm (10,000yrds).Again however the sg radar was only installed in dec 42, if the missionwas set before this date the radar will never find you.Solution, Always dive at 10nm from the nearest dd and put your scopedown, don't put your scope up again until you are ready to fire your torps(after dec 42)

SonarIn march 42 the sonar equipment on all U.S. ships got upgraded but itdoesn't really make much of a difference as the late sonar is only marginal-ly better than the early sonar, the usual range of passive sonar (the oneused to find subs) is between 3500 yrds and 6000 yrds, many things willaffect how easy it is to be detected, running silent doesn't help but thespeed of your engines does affect this so if you are close to a dd try turningyour engines off, being below a thermal layer also helps. Destroyer sonarcan only hear 180 deg in front of it, it can hear nothing behind it, so youare totally safe if it is moving away from you. Torps make loads of noise, asonar set will hear torps at over 5Nm, a good dd capt can also follow thecourse of the torp and thus find out exactly where the sub that fired it is.

EyeballsOk subs have these too lol so you know how they work, usually a sub willsee a destroyer before a dd sees a sub, I periscope can be seen at 1000 -2000 yrds on a clear day

Kaptintanleutant Kalloth’sAllied Sensors Descriptionlook for Kalloth’s tactical notes in WPL forum.

- 19 -

Light Cruisers

Arethusa (England) Lt. CruiserTonnage: 5 220 t Length: 153 m Beam: 17 mDraft: 6 m Speed: 32 kt Mast: 32 m

Fiji (England) Lt. CruiserTonnage: 8 530 t Length: 168 m Beam: 19 mDraft: 6 m Speed: 32 kt Mast: 33 m

Dido (England) Lt. CruiserTonnage: 6 000 t Length: 153 m Beam: 17 mDraft: 5 m Speed: 32 kt Mast: 22 m

Perth (England) Lt. CruiserTonnage: 7 105 t Length: 168 m Beam: 17 mDraft: 6 m Speed: 33 kt Mast: 32 m

Leander (England) Lt. CruiserTonnage: 7 140 t Length: 168 m Beam: 21 mDraft: 6 m Speed: 33 kt Mast: 30 m

- 37 -

Erich Topp Wolf Pack Tactics

Admiral Donitz developed this system as a means of stopping theshipment of supplies across the Atlantic Ocean. In the beginning of thewar, our secret service was able to decode the enemy messages givento the convoys. This enabled us to locate our submarines in a line con-fronting the expected course of the convoy. A distance of about 50 kmwas to be kept between each boat, although in practice this was notalways possible. This enabled our boats to either find the convoy visu-ally or with our listening devices, which would pick up their propellernoises. The idea was that the first boat to establish contact with theconvoy would radio headquarters and other boats in the line (or group)and alert them to the presence of the convoy. All the boats were thento proceed as fast as possible (maximum surface speed was about 18knots) to establish visual contact with the convoy and await instructi-ons. The average speed of a typical Atlantic convoy was about 8-9knots, a speed dependent on the slowest ship in the convoy.

If our submarines established visual contact during daylight hours,we were instructed to obtain a position ahead of the convoy, dive, andconduct an attack at periscope depth. Convoys were usually protectedby destroyers and corvettes escorts, which were typically posted 2,000- 3,000 meters outside the convoy, forming a protective ring aroundthe ships. Our goal was to penetrate this protective line and to attackthe ships from as close as possible, and then withdraw to reload ourtorpedoes, and then attack once again.

MY EXPERIENCES: During the pre-war years and the first two yearsof the war, U-boats conducted two-week tactical training exercises inthe Baltic Sea. These exhausting exercises consisted of simulatedattacks on convoys, formed of eight or more ships protected by escortsand airplanes. I engaged in these both as a commander of a U-boat,and later in the war as a Flotilla commander. When attacking convoysearly in the war, I always tried to pass the escorts and, if possible,attack from between the lines of the merchant ships. I had to keep inmind that I could not launch an attack from a distance less than 300meters. Otherwise, we risked blowing ourselves up with our own tor-pedoes Between the lines of the convoy I had some freedom to mane-uver, because the merchant ships were bound to a certain order that didnot allow them--even if they saw my U-boat--to change their courseconsiderably, even to ram me.

- 20 -

Cruisers

Battlecruisers

London (England) CruiserTonnage: 10 575 t Length: 192 m Beam: 23 mDraft: 7 m Speed: 32 kt Mast: 30 m

Kent (England) CruiserTonnage: 10 900 t Length: 195 m Beam: 21 mDraft: 7 m Speed: 31 kt Mast: 35 m

Norfolk (England) CruiserTonnage: 10 900 t Length: 192 m Beam: 23 mDraft: 7 m Speed: 32 kt Mast: 30 m

Renown (England) BattlecruserTonnage: 30 750 t Length: 240 m Beam: 34 mDraft: 12 m Speed: 31 kt Mast: 53 m

- 36 -

Kaptintanleutant Otto Kretschmer'sStanding Orders

U-99 will abide by my principle that spreads of torpedoes fired fromlong range are not guaranteed to succeed and must prove wasteful. Itshould not be necessary to fire in the first instance more than one tor-pedo for one ship.

The principle above makes it necessary that we should fire at closerange, and this can be done only by penetrating the escort's anti-sub-marine screen and at times getting inside convoy lanes. This shouldbe the objective of all our attacks.

Once an attack has been opened we must not, under any but mostdesperate of circumstances, submerge. As a general rule I alone mustdecide when to dive. This instruction is based on my belief that a sub-marine on the surface can manoeuvrer at high speed to avoid danger,and if necessary can fight back with her speed and fire power in torpe-does. If we are being chased, it is a general principle that once a sub-marine submerges and loses the use of speed she is at the mercy of thehunter. Remember that at night on the surface it is almost certain thatyou will see a surface vessel far sooner than she will see you. Thisapplies to enemy destroyers and other anti-submarine vessels whichmight detect you with their Asdic the moment you dive, but would beunaware of your presence if you ran away on the surface. Lone ships,not flying neutral flags or carrying a Red Cross sign, and in everyother way giving the appearance of behaving as a belligerent, shouldbe sunk by gunfire if possible to conserve torpedoes for more difficultescorted targets. They may be torpedoed if gunfire is obviouslyimpracticable.

Survivors are to be assisted if there is time and by doing so the subma-rine is not exposed to undue danger. The crew should realize that ifU-99 be sinking and there is time to abandon ship they would expectto be rescued by the enemy. That is precisely what the enemy have aright to expect from us. In normal circumstances U-99 will use daylight hours for shadowing

a convoy and working up to a favourable attacking position by night-fall. A favourable attacking position is on the dark side of a convoywhen there is moonlight, so that the convoy will be silhouetted to us,while our small bows-on silhouette will be almost impossible to detect.

When there is little or no moon, U-99 will always attack from thewindward side of the convoy. Enemy lookouts peering into a windand sometimes rain and spray are less efficient than those with theirbacks to the wind.

- 21 -

Attacker (England) Esc CarrierTonnage: 10 200 t Length: 140 m Beam: 33 mDraft: 7 m Speed: 17 kt Mast: 29 m

Ameer (England) Esc CarrierTonnage: 11 400 t Length: 140 m Beam: 33 mDraft: 7 m Speed: 18 kt Mast: 29 m

Casablanca (USA) Esc CarrierTonnage: 8 188 t Length: 159 m Beam: 44 mDraft: 6 m Speed: 19 kt Mast: 36 m

Bogue (USA) Esc CarrierTonnage: 9 393 t Length: 140 m Beam: 33 mDraft: 7 m Speed: 17 kt Mast: 29 m

Escort Carriers

- 35 -

U-Boat Crash Dive Speeds

IIB . . . . . . . . .33 sec. to E-motor . . . . . . . .60 sec. depth 50 mVIIB . . . . . . . .28 sec. to E-motor . . . . . . . .75 sec. depth 60 mVIIC . . . . . . . .21 sec. to E-motor . . . . . . . .85 sec. depth 75 mIXA . . . . . . . .32 sec. to E-motor . . . . . . . .75 sec. depth 65 mIXB . . . . . . . .40 sec. to E-motor . . . . . . . .86 sec. depth 65 mXXI . . . . . . . .30 sec. to E-motor . . . . . . . .65 sec. depth 80 m

Surfacing to Periscope Depth

From: . . .1 kt . . . . .2 kt . . . . . .5 kt . . . . . .7 kt . . . . . .8 kt50 m . . .2:40 . . . . .2:38 . . . . . .2.25 . . . . .2 min . . . . . .1:45100 m .5 min . . . . .4:30 . . . . .4 min . . . . .3 min . . . . .3 min150 m . .6:30 . . . .6 min . . . . . .5:30 . . . . .5 min . . . . . .4:30200 m250 m

Torpedo Reloads (Unloads)

Type II . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .27, 54 minType VII, IX . . . . . . . . . . . . .22-32, 44-64, 66-96, 88-128 minXXI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2, 5, 7, 9, 12, 14 min

Compressed Air

Crash dive in 4 m . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .- 10 %Crash dive in 50 - 70 m . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .- 18 %Crash dive in 150 m . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .- 24 %

Blow Ballast (Bellow 100 m) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .- 50 %Blow Ballast (- 100 m) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .- 30 %

Torpedo Ranges

Type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Speed kt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Range m

TI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .30 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12 500 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .40 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7 500 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .44 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5 000

TII . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .30 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5 000TIII . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .30 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5 000TI Fa TI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .30 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12 500TII Fa TII . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .30 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5 000TIIa FaT-II . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .30 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7 500T-V . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .24 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5 700

Statistic

Legend: Type VII sub is on 2 kts. order to periscope depth coming along with change of speed

- 22 -

Ark Royal (England) CarrierTonnage: 22 000 t Length: 242 m Beam: 40 mDraft: 8 m Speed: 31 kt Mast: 45 m

Illustrious (England) CarrierTonnage: 23 000 t Length: 229 m Beam: 36 mDraft: 9 m Speed: 30 kt Mast: 43 m

Queen Elizabeth (England) BBTonnage: 31 520 t Length: 194 m Beam: 31 mDraft: 9 m Speed: 23 kt Mast: 48 m

Royal Sovereign (England) BBTonnage: 28 150 t Length: 189 m Beam: 27 mDraft: 8 m Speed: 22 kt Mast: 40 m

Richeliau (France) BBTonnage: 38 500 t Length: 248 m Beam: 31 mDraft: 13 m Speed: 30 kt Mast: 49 m

Carriers

Battleships

- 34 -

Sch

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- 23 -

Targ

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1920

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630

532

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336

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142

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945

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749

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5

2,75

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131

233

335

437

539

641

643

745

847

950

052

054

156

2

2,5°

321

344

366

389

412

435

458

481

504

527

550

573

596

618

2,25

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638

240

743

345

848

450

953

456

058

561

163

666

268

7

2°40

143

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848

751

554

457

360

163

065

968

771

674

577

3

1,75

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849

152

455

658

962

265

568

772

075

378

681

885

188

4

1,5°

535

573

611

649

687

726

764

802

840

878

917

955

993

1031

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268

773

377

982

587

191

796

210

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5411

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9212

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285

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3110

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6911

4612

2212

9913

7514

5115

2816

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8117

5718

3319

1019

8620

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0,5°

1604

1719

1833

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2063

2177

2292

2406

2521

2636

2750

2865

2979

3094

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0934

3836

6738

9641

2543

5445

8448

1350

4252

7155

0057

3059

5961

88

0,1°

8021

8594

9167

9740

1031

310

886

1145

912

032

1260

513

178

1375

114

324

1489

715

470

Degree

Ran

ge (

m)

- 33 -

All Players must conform to the Rules of Engagement, especially inregards to turning on their Permission ON before the battle begins andusing their name and Member# in the Chat and the game.

Any objections, complaints, reports of error, honest or otherwise, should bedirected to BdU.

The main rule of Wolfpack League is fewer rules and more fun! May wealways be gentlemen and find ways to disagree with maturity and respect!

Your input is welcome!

- 24 -

Mas

t:28

2930

3132

3334

3536

3738

3940

41

3°53

455

357

259

261

163

064

966

868

770

672

574

476

378

2

2,75

°58

360

462

564

566

668

770

872

974

977

079

181

283

385

4

2,5°

641

664

687

710

733

756

779

802

825

847

870

893

916

939

2,25

°71

373

876

478

981

484

086

589

191

694

296

799

310

1810

44

2°80

283

085

988

891

694

597

410

0210

3110

6010

8811

1711

4511

74

1,75

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694

998

210

1510

4710

8011

1311

4611

7812

1112

4412

7613

0913

42

1,5°

1069

1107

1146

1184

1222

1260

1298

1337

1375

1413

1451

1489

1528

1566

1,25

°12

8313

2913

7514

2114

6715

1215

5816

0416

5016

9617

4217

8718

3318

79

1°16

0416

6117

1917

7618

3318

9119

4820

0520

6221

2021

7722

3422

9223

49

0,75

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3922

1522

9223

6824

4425

2125

9726

7427

5028

2629

0329

7930

5631

32

0,5°

3208

3323

3438

3552

3667

3781

3896

4011

4125

4240

4354

4469

4584

4698

0,25

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1766

4668

7571

0573

3475

6377

9280

2182

5184

8087

0989

3891

6793

96

0,1°

1604

316

616

1718

917

762

1833

518

908

1948

120

054

2062

621

199

2177

222

345

2291

823

491

Degree

Ran

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m)

- 32 -

Any player who must leave the game must signal all other players and giveten minutes notice, (5 min WPL). He is then considered an excused playerand may leave without penalty if he is not under direct attack or pursuit;(depth charges dropped by a DC player, or torpedo headed towards a tar-get). If depth charges are dropped, they must explode, and the torpedomust either miss or hit to end at that point before a player can leave. Hisgame is not recorded. If another player protests he is in hot pursuit, it is upto the Battle Reporter to judge, his word is FINAL, no appeals.

End of game. The following conditions are strongly suggested to be usedto decide the end of the game for the players if neither DC nor SH2 humanplayers are KIA.

1-Convoy is outside effective range of torpedoes or intercept, 3km andopening, 15-knot convoy, or pinned below PD for 2 hours or more.2-U-Boat has escaped/evaded and left the DD's behind, 4-hour "end-around" must be agreed upon by all players if u-boat decided to attemptthis. No "end-around" game over.4-Both DD and U-Boat players call a draw.

Any and all STAT games played must be entered into the Scoring System.

If a major ISP disruption occurs, the game crashes, or more than 50% ofthe players are dropped, or all from one side (DD/U-boat), players maydecided to replay the game. No scores, tonnage, or other STATs from abor-ted game may be entered into the Scoring System. Players of the gamemust decide and agree to this with BRer approval.

Games between SH2 and DC players may last as long as players agree.This needs to be agreed upon before the game by all players. However,Minimum playing time is 20 minutes.

Cherry Picking Rule: If a game is played and the SH2 player(s) sink all ofthe human DC players, each SH2 player may sink as many ships as theycan in the 15 minutes after the last DC player dies; when the last DC play-er is fatally hit, 15 game minutes of time remains for SH2 players to attackmerchants. After the 15 minute period the U-boats must retire. Players andBRer should allow 45 game minutes for ships to sink (use time compressi-on).

DD Friendly F

Documents

U.Kdt - SUBSIMKriegstagebuch (KTB):German war diary kept by ships and boats at sea, also by shore-based headquarters staffs. Kurzsignale:a U-boat’s short-signal position report by