u’kkeqfDr vH;kl Øeu'kkeqfDr dk vFkZ ,d Hkyk o ftEesnkj euq"; cuuk gS A mlds fy, gesa lHkh u'khyh phtksa dk ges'kk ds fy, R;kx dj vius O;fDrxr dks u'kk fojks/kh cukuk gS A u'kkeqfDr lk/kuk dk vH;klØe dks tkuuk le>uk o vkpj.k esa ykuk rhuks vko';d gS A

1- ih-Vh-] ;ksxk] ekSu o /;ku dks lh[kdj mls vkRelkr djuk A

2- vkRe ijh{k.k ds }kjk vius nks"k] dfe;k¡ o cqjh vknrksa dk irk yxkuk A

3- ifjorZu o lq/kkj dk fuf'pr rFkk le;c) dk;ZØe cukdj mls vkRelkr djuk A

4- LokLFko/kZd vknrksa dks vkRelkr djuk A

5- Hkkoukvksa ij fu;a=.k izkIr djuk A

6- ln~Hkko ifjokj ds lw= vkRelkr djuk A

7- u'kkeqfDr ds lw= vkRelkr djuk A

8- lknxh] Lo;alsok] lg;ksx o lgthou dks viukuk A

9- viuk thou y{; fuf'pr djuk A

10- vkReizsj.kk o vkReuq'kklu izkIr djuk A

2- u’kk[kksjh o u'kkeqfDr dh O;k[;k %&

u'kk[kksjh vius vki esa ,d ekufld chekjh gS A ftlds eqy dkj.k vius O;fDrRo esa fNis gksrs gSA

u'kk[kksjh ,d izkFkfed] LFkk;h] fujarj c<us okyh o tkuysok chekjh gS A

• u'kk[kksjh ls ihfM+r O;fDr dk vkpj.k vkRe?kkrh] ifjokj o lekt fojks/kh cu tkrk gS A blhfy, lekt u'kkihfM+r O;fDr dks vijk/kh o ikih

le>rs gS A os u'kk[kksjh dks bPNk'kfDr o uSfrdrk dk vHkko] tknw Vksus dk nq"izHkko ;k nq?kZVukvksa dk nq"ifj.kke le>rs gS A

• u'kkihfM+r O;fDr okLrfodrk dks Lohdkj ugh djrk o Hkzeksa dh nqfu;k esa thrk gS] bl Hkkon'kk dks vLohd`fr ;k fMuk;y dgk tkrk gS A

u'kk[kksjh dh vksj ys tkus u'kk[kksjh ls nwj ys tkus okys nks"k okys xq.k

1- va/kkuqdj.k 1-foosd'khy o la;fer vkpj.k 2- dqlaxfr 2- lRlax3- vkyL; o dkepksjh 3- ifjJeh4- xSj ftEesnkjh 4-drZO;n{krk5- vkØed 5- lkSE;rk6- vgadkjh 6- fouez7- mrkoykiu 7- lgu'khy] /kS;Zoku

u'kk[kksjh dh vksj ys tkus u'kk[kksjh dh vksj ys tkus u'kk[kksjh ls nwj ys tkus u'kk[kksjh ls nwj ys tkus okys nks"kokys nks"k okys okys xq.kxq.k

8- vkMacj] fn[kkok 8-lknxh9- ijkoyach 9-Lokoyach10- ijlsok ysus okyk 10-Lo;alsok11- HkkX;oknh 11-deZoknh12- minzoh 12- lg;ksxh

u'kkeqfDr dh O;k[;k %&

1- u'kkeqfDr dk vFkZ ,d Hkyk o ftEesnkj euq"; cuuk gS A Hkyk euq"; dk vFkZ tks vius nks"k] cqjkbZ;ksa dk irk yxkdj muesa fujarj lq/kkj ykrk gS o tks euq"; vius O;fDrxr] ikfjokfjd o lkekftd drZO;ksa dk ikyu djrk gS] mls ftEesnkj euq"; dgk tkrk gS A

2- u'kkeqfDr dksbZ esMhdy VªhVesUV ugha cfYd ,d ifo=] lk/kuk o varghr ozr gS A u'kkeqfDr

O;lueqDr thou thus dk izf'k{k.k gS A ftlds }kjk ge ,d O;lueDr thou thus dk rFkk LoLF;] fujke; thou thus dh dyk o foKku lh[kdj viuk O;fDrxr ikfjokfjd o lkekftd dY;k,.k dj ldsaA

3- u'kkeqfDr thou thus dk <ax] dyk o foKku gSA u'kkeqfDr ,d fopkj/kkjk gS] ftldk vk/kkj foKku gSA u'kkeqfDr ldkjkRed n`f"Vdks.k o lkfRod thou 'kSyh dk nwljk uke gS A

4- u'kkeqfDr dk vFkZ lHkh u'khyh phtksa dk ges”kk ds fy;s R;kx djuk gS] rFkk vius O;fDro dks u'kk fojks/kh cukuk gSA

u'kkeqfDr dsUnz o vLirky esa varj u'kkeqfDr dsUnz1-;gk¡ dsUnz esa 'kjhfjd

lq/kkj ds vykok ekufld lq/kkj o vkRe tkx`fr gksrh gSA

2- ;gk¡ ,dkarokl vfuok;Z gksrk gS] lekt] ifjokj o nSfud thou ls nwj o vfyIr jgus dks ,dkarokl dgk tkrk gS A

3-;gk¡ lknxh vfuok;Z gS A lknxh dk vFkZ lksp& fopkj iwoZd viuh vko';drk dks ek;kZfnr djuk gSA

4-;gk¡ Lo;alsok vfuok;Z gS A Lo;alsok dk vFkZ vius dk;Z [kqn djuk A

vLirky1-vLirky esa 'kjhfjd lq/kko o

jksx eqfDr gksrh gS A

2-vLirky esa ,dkarokl ugh gksrkA

3-vLirky esa ,s'kks vkjke dh lqfo/kk miyC/k gksrh gS A

4-vLirky esa chekj O;fDr dh lsok dh tkrh gS] o mls vkjke djuk gksrk gSA

u'kkeqfDr dsUnz o vLirky esa varju'kkeqfDr dsUnz

5-;gk¡ lqfu;ksftr\ lqfu;af=r fnup;kZ vko';d gksrk gS A

6-;gk¡ lHkh dk;ZØeksa esa lgHkkxh gksuk vfuok;Z gS A

7-u'kkeqfDr ,d ifo= lk/kuk o varfgu ozr gS A

8-u'kkeqfDr ls O;fDrxr ifjokfjd o lkekftd rhuksa Lrjksa ij ekuo dY;k.k gS gksrk gS A

9-u'kk thou fojks/kh gS] blfy, og /keZ] bZ'oj o ekuo fojks/kh gS A u'kkeqfDr /keZ bZ'oj o ekuork dk dk;Z gS A

vLirky5-vLirky esa euekuh fnup;kZ

gksrh gS A6-vLirky esa vkS"kf/k lsou o

foJke ds vykok dksbZ dk;Z ugh gksrk A

7-vLirky esa VªhVesUV lhehr le; ds fy, gksrk gS A

8-jksxeqfDr ls dsoy O;fDrxr ykHk gksrk gSA

9 vLirky esa dsoy jksxeqfDr dk dk;Z gksrk gS tks dsoy O;fDrxr dk;Z gS A

3- LoLF;o/kZd vknrsa %&u'kkeqfDr dks lQy cukus ds fy,

o vius O;fDrRo dks u'kkfojks/kh cukus ds fy, gesa lHkh LokLF;o/kZd vknrksa dks vkRelkr djuk vfuok;Z gS A LokLF;o/kZd vknrsa izd`fr o ijekRek ds }kjk cukbZ xbZ gS A blfy, izR;sd euq"; dks ;s vknrsa LosPNk ls rFkk J)kiwoZd vkRelkr djuk pkfg, ysfdu A LokLF;o/kZd vknrksa ds vHkko esa euq"; dks ihMk o nq%[k Hkksxuk iM+rk gS A

1- 'kjhj] i;kZoj.k rFkk fuokl dks LoPN j[ksa A

2- Hkjiwj ifjJe o fu;fer O;k;ke djsa A

3- lqfu;ksftr o lqfu;af=r fnup;kZ viuk,W A

4- lknk & larqfyr o lfRod Hkkstu djsa A

5- fcuk MkWDVjh lykg ds vkS"kf/k lsou u djsa A

6- Øks/k] nq%[k] fpark o Hk; tSlh nq%[kn Hkkoukvksa ij fu;a=.k izkIr djsa A

7- la;fer o foosd'khy ;kSu vkpj.k viuk,¡ A

8- chekfj;ksa ds dkj.kksa dk irk yxkdj muls nwj jgus ds mik; vkpj.k esa yk,¡A

9- lknxh] Lo;alsok] lg;ksx o lgthou dks viuk,¡ A

4- chekfj;ksa ls cpus ds mik; %&

- ,slhfMVh ls cpus ds mik; &

1- fdlh izdkj dk u'kk u djsa A

2- rkelh Hkkstu u djsa A ued rsy] fepZ&elkys dk mi;ksx vR;ar de ek=k esa djsa A uedhu] ryh bqbZ phtsa] csdjh ds inkFkZ] dksfYMªDl lHkh pkV ds inkFkZ o QkLV QwM dk lsou u djsa A

3- t:jr ls T;knk u [kk;sa o [kkyh isV Hkh u jgsa A iwjs fnu ds Hkkstu dks 3&4 leku fgLlksa esa ckaVdj 4 ?kaVs ds varjky ls xzg.k djsa A

4- fcuk MkWDVjh lykg ds rFkk [kkyh isV vkS"k/kh lsou u djsaA

5- euekuh fnup;kZ dks NksM+dj lqfu;ksftr o lqfu;af=r fnup;kZ viuk;sa A

6- fnu esa u lks;s o jkr esa u txsa A

7- ifjJe o fu;fer O;k;ke ds vHkko esa ,slhfMVh gks ldrh gS A blfy, Hkjiwj ifjJe o fu;fer O;k;ke djsaA

8- dMd feBh pk; u fi;sa A pk; ds ctk; B.Mk nw/k ;k ouLifr pk; ysa A

9- vfu;af=r fpark ls vDlj ,slhfMVh c<+rh gS A blfy, nq%[kn Hkkoukvksa ij fu;a=.k izkIr djsa A

10- ,slhfMVh ds dkj.kksa dk irk yxkdj mls nwj djsa] u fd vkS"kf/k;ksa ij fuHkZj jgsa A

2- dCt] c)dks"Brk ;k eykojks/k ls cpus ds mik; %&

1- iwjs fnu ckj&ckj Hkjiwj ikuh fi;sa A

2- lqcg cz'k djus ds ckn dqudquk ikuh Hkjiwj fi;sa A

3- nSfud fu;fer O;k;ke ds ckn iw.kZ iou eqDrklu rFkk iSjksa ds iUtksa ij [kMs gksdj tEi yxkus dk O;k;ke djaas A

4- ,slhfMVh ls cpus ds lkjs mik; vkpj.k esa yk;sa] vxj laHko gks rks lkcksZyhu flji ds 2&2 pEep fnu esa pkj ckj ysa A

5- eykojks/k ds ewy dkj.kksa dk irk yxkdj mls nwj djsa u fd nokbZ;ksa ij fuHkZj jgsa A

3- ikbYl] coklhj ;k ewyO;k/k ls cpus ds mik; %&

1- ,slhfMVh o dCt ls cpus ds lkjs mik; vkpj.k esa yk;sa A

2- ikbYl dk eyge fnu esa 3&4 ckj jkr dks lksrs le; xqn}kj ij yxk;sa A

3- gfj lfCt;k¡] Qy] js'knkj o Qkbcj;qDr Hkkstu gh xzg.k djsa A

4- coklhj ds dksEc vxj cMs gks pqds gksa rks MkWDVjh lykg ds vuqlkj ,d ckj vkWijs'ku djk ysa A

5- eykojks/k ;k dCtk jksdus ds lkjs mik; o LokLFko/kZd vknrksa dks vkRelkr djsaA

4- nLr] tqykc ;k Mk;fj;k ls cpus ds mik; %&

1- ,slhfMVh] dCt o coklhj ls cpus ds lkjs mik; vkpj.k esa yk;sa A

2- nLr yxrs gh Hkkstu djuk can dj nsa A

3- ckj&ckj ikuh Hkjiwj fi;sa] pkgs rks ikuh esa pwVdh Hkj ued o 'kDdj feyk ysaA ;k fQj bysDVªksykbZM Hkh bLreky dj ldrs gS A

4- yks&izkekbM dh xksfy;k¡ 2&2 xksfy;k¡ fnu esa 3&4 ckj lsou djsa A

5- nLr ds can gksus ij rktk ngh o dsys dk lsou djsa A

6- tqykc iqjh rjg ls can gksus ij o tksjksa dh Hkw[k yxus ij gh nky&pkoy o lCth jksVh tSlk lk/kkj.k Hkkstu xzg.k djsa A

7- vxj tqykc ds lkFk isV esa ejksM gks ;k tqykc ds lkFk [kwu fxjrk gks rks MkWDVjh lykg ds vuqlkj vkS"k/kksipkj vo'; ysa A

5- uhan u vkus ds dkj.k o mik; %&

1- fu/kkZfjr le; ij vius fcLrj ij pys tk;sa A

2- vius 'kjhj dks 'kkar]\ fuf"Ø; o ruko jfgr voLFkk esa ysVs A

3- vk¡[ks eqandj vk¡[kksa ij diM+s dh iV~Vh gYds ls ck¡/k ysa A

4- 'kkar] fuf"Ø; o ruko jfgr voLFkk esa ysVs jgsa] fdlh Hkh dkj.k ls fcLrj u NksMs A

5- eu dks 'kkar] fuf"Ø; o ruko jfgr djus ds fy, fdlh ea= dks ;k fxurh dks eu gh eu esa fujarj yxkrkj fu%'kCn gksdj nksgjkrs jgsa A dqN

le; ckn vius gh vki uhan vk tk;sxh A

6- uhan ds fy, fdlh Hkh ifjfLFkfr;ksa esa u'kk u djsa A ;k vkS"kf/k lsou u djsa A

7- ih-Vh-] ;ksxk] izkFkZuk] ekSu o /;ku fu;fer :i ls fujarj yxkrkj o yEcs le; rd djus ls uhan dh leL;k lekIr gks tkrh gS A

5- cks/k dk lw= %&euq"; viuh bafnz;ksa ds }kjk

tkudkjh xzg.k djrk gS A ;g lkjh tkudkjh euq"; ds Lej.k dsUnz esa bdV~Bk gksrh gS A bl tkudkjh dk vaxzsth esa ukyst dgk tkrk gS A bl tkudkjh dk :ikarj.k tc cks/k ;k Kku esa gksrk gS] rHkh euq"; mldk mi;ksx lgh ;k mfpr fu.kZ; ysus esa djrk gS A dsoy tkudkjh gksus ls euq"; mfpr o lgh fu.kZ; ugh ys ikrk A dsoy tkudkjh ls euq"; dk vagdkj c< tkrk gS A euq"; thou esa tkudkjh vko';d gS] ij i;kZIr ugh A euq"; dks le>nkjh] l;kusiu dh vko';drk gS] tks

mls cks/k ;k Kku ls izkIr gksrh gS A tSls Hkkstu dk ikpu gksuk t:jh gS] oSls gh lk/kuk ds }kjk tkudkjh dk :ikarj.k cks/k ;k Kku esa gksuk vfuok;Z gS A cks/k ds vHkko esa euq"; ckj&ckj xfyr;k¡ djrk gS o mldk thou fn'kkghu gks tkrk gS A cks/k ds vHkko esa euq"; ckj&ckj xfyr;k¡ djrk gS o mldh thou ;k=k HkVd tkrh gS A og xyr fu.kZ; ysrk gS A ftlds dkj.k mls nq%[k fpark Hk; o fiMk,¡ Hkksxuh iM+rh gS A cks/k ds dkj.k vkReizsj.kk o vkReuq'kklu d tUe gksrk gSA cks/k ds }kjk gh euq"; thou ds lkjs vkuan Hkksxus dks feyrs gS A cks/k izkfIr ds fy, lk/kuk }kjk vH;kl djuk vko';d gS A

cks/k izkfIr ds lk/ku %&

cks/k izkfIr ds fy, tks lk/kuk dh tkrh gS] mlds fuEufyf[kr pj.k gksrs gS A

1- fparu&euu 2- ifjJe 3-izkFkZuk

4- izse 5- J`)k 6- ekSu

7- /;ku 8- Kku ;k cks/k

1- fparu&euu %& cks/k izkfIr ds fy, fparu&euu ,d vklku rjhdk gS A

fparu& euu dh fof/k esa Jo.k djuk] ys[ku] okpu] 'kadk&lek/kku o

ppkZ dk lekos'k gksrk gSA

1- Jo.k djuk & ,dkxz] ,dfpr gksdj lquus dks Jo.k djuk dgk tkrk gS A

2- ys[ku & foLej.k ls cpus ds fy, tks Jo.k fd;k mls fy[k ysuk pkfg, A

3- okpu & tks geus fy[kk mls le; fudkydj QqeZr ls ckj&ckj i<uk t:jh gS A i<us ls gekjh le> c<+rh gS vkSj gekjs eu esa vusd iz'u o 'kadk;sa tUerh gSa A

4- 'kadk lek/kku & euq"; dks vius vKku o Hkze nwj djus ds fy, 'kadk lek/kku djuk vko';d gS A 'kadk lek/kku ls gekjs vKku o Hkze nksuks gh nwj gksrs gS A o J`)k dk tUe gksrk gS A

5- ppkZ & tc J`)k xgjh gks tkrh gS] rks euq"; vius vuqHkoksa dks ppkZ ds }kjk nwljksa esa ck¡Vrk gSA

2- ifjJe %& ifjJe dk vFkZ esgur ;k Je djuk gS] ftlds }kjk ge jksth&jksVh dek ldsa A ;g izd`fr dk fu;e gS] ftls euq"; ds vykok lHkh tho vkpj.k esa ykrs gSa A fcuk ifjJe ds euq"; dks 'kkjhfjd LokLF;] ekufld lq[k] 'kkafr o izse&lEeku ugh fey ldrk A /ku izkIr djus ds

fy, pksjh djuk] csbZekuh djuk] /kks[kk&/kMh djuk] tqvk o ykWVjh [ksyuk loZFkk vuqfpr gSA D;ksafd mlds dkj.k nq%[k o ihMk;sa Hkksxuh iM+rh gS A

3- izkFkZuk %& izkFkZuk dk vFkZ ijekRek dks /kU;okn nsuk gS A tc gekjk g`n; d`rKrk ls Hkj tkrk gS] rks ge ijekRek dks /kU;okn nsrs gS A ysfdu tks gekjs ikl ugh gS] mldh ekax djus dks izkFkZuk dgk tkrk gS A tks vuqfpr gS A iq:"kkFkZ ifjJe o foosdcq)h }kjk lc dqN fey ldrk gS] blfy, ijekRek dks dsoy /kU;okn nsuk pkfg, A

4- izse %& vagdkj] vKku o Hkze ds dkj.k euq"; dsoy eSa eSa djrs thrk gS A euq"; vius vkidks lcls Js"B le>rk gS A cks/k ds vHkko esa euq"; i'kqvksa ds ;k oklukvksa ls thrk gS A euq"; us dke okluk dk :ikarj.k izse esa fd;k vkSj viuh

'kqnzrk dks lekIr fd;kA i'kqvksa ds ikl Lora=rk ugh gS] blfy, muds thou esa fod`fr ugh vk ldrhA ysfdu euq"; thou esa cks/k o izse ds vHkko esa 'kqnzrk o fod`fr;k¡ vk tkrh gS A i'kqvksa dk Lrj oklukvksa dk gS A vPNs euq"; dk Lrj cks/k o izse dk gS] ysfdu f'k[kj ij d:.kk gS A

ftlds g`n; esa d:.kk dk tUe gksrk gS] os Hkxoku dgykrs gS A cks/k vkSj izse ds vHkko esa euq"; ds thou esa 'kqnzrk gksrh gS A ysfdu ;g 'kqnzrk fod`rh cu dj ckgj vkrh gS A fod`fr;ksa ds dkj.k euq"; vLoLFk o cspSu jgrk gS] mlds }kjk fgalk o minzo gksrk gS A ifj.kke Lo:i mls nq%[k] fpark] Hko o ihMk;sa Hkksxuh iM+rh gS A

5- J`)k %& J`)k eu dh ,slh voLFkk gS] tgk¡ ij dksbZ Hkze] vKku ;k 'kadk ugh gksrhA J)kyq euq"; izR;sd deZ lksp&fopkj djds dk;Z djrk

gS A rkfd mls ckn esa i'pkrki u djuk iMs A ysfdu J`)k ds vHkko esa tks Hkh euq"; deZ djrk gS A mlds ihNs dsoy okluk;sa gksrh gS A J`)k

ds vHkko esa euq"; oklukvksa] Hkkoukvksa dk o bZPNkvksa dk fu;a=.k djuk ugh tkurk A blfy, lkjs deZ og okluk] Hkkouk o bZPNkvksa ds izokg esa cgdj fcuk lksp&le>s djrk gS A ifj.kke Lo:i ckn esa mls i'pkrki djuk iM+rk gS A

6- ekSu %& ekSu dk vFkZ dqN Hkh ugh cksyuk gS A euq"; dk eu ges'kk v'kkar] cspSu vLoLF; o dk;Zjr~ jgrk gS A tc euq"; dk eu vfu;af=r gks tkrk gS] rks vusd xaHkhj leL;k;sa mRiUu gksrh gS A ekufld vLokLF; ds dkj.k euq"; t:jr ls T;knk ckr djrk gS A vkR;f/kd ckr djus ls gekjh fopkj 'kfDr detksj gksrh gS] o Hkkoukvksa dk fu;a=.k [kks tk;sxk A ekSu jgus ls gekjh ekufld 'kfDr dh cpr gksrh gS A lkFk gh fopkj 'kfDr rhoz gksrh gS o Hkkoukvksa dk fu;a=.k gksrk gS A ekSu

j[kus ls fdlh izdkj dh gkfu ugh gksrh cfYd lHkh izdkj ds ykHk gksrs gS A ekSu ds jgrs vkikrdky esa vki b'kkjk dj ldrs gS ;k dkxt ij fy[k ldrs gS] ysfdu HkkokRed

ckrsa dj ldrs gS A

7- /;ku %& /;ku eu dh ,d ,slh voLFkk gS] tgk¡ ij dksbZ fopkj] Hkko bPNk ;k dYiuk ugh gksrh A eu dh bl voLFkk dks /;ku dgk tkrk gS A tc

FkksMh nsj ds fy, eu 'kwU; gks tkrk gS rks mls /;ku dgk tkrk gS] ysfdu tc 'kwU; dh voLFkk dks /;ku dgk tkr gS A tc FkksMh nsj ds fy, eu 'kwU; gks tkrk gS rks mls /;ku dgk tkrk gS] ysfdu tc 'kwU; dh voLFkk yEch gks tkrh gS] rks mls lekf/k dgrs gS A ,dkxz] ,dfpr gksus dks ;k Lej.k djus dks /;ku ugh dgk tkrk A /;ku ls ykHk gh ykHk gS] gkfu fcYdqy ugh A

/;ku dh fo'ks"krk;sa %&

1- chekj O;fDr /;ku u djsa A

2- /;ku djrs le; 'kjhj LoPN o LoLF; gks A

3- /;ku dk LFkku ;k txg goknkj] 'kksj&'kjkcs ls nwj] 'kkar o xanxh ls eqDr gksuk pkfg, A

4- /;ku djrs le; de ls de] <hys&<kys o LoPN oL= igus A

5- /;ku ds fy, lqcg 5&7 cts o 'kke 7&9 cts rd dk le; mi;qDr gksrk gSA ysfdu 'kkar voLFkk esa vki /;ku dHkh Hkh dj ldrs gS A

/;ku dh izfØ;k %&

1- /;ku djus ls iwoZ ih-Vh-] ;ksxk] izkFkZuk bR;kfn fØ;kvksa dks dj ysa rkfd vkidk 'kjhj vklkuh ls 'kkar o fuf"Ø; gks ldsA

2- /;ku ds fy, 'kkar] fuf"Ø; o ruko jfgr voLFkk esa cSBsA

3- vk¡[k e¡wndj dsoy lkWl ysrs jgs A lkal ysa] FkksMh nsj :ds o fcYdqy /khjs& /khjs lkal NksaMs A

4- 'kjhj ds lkFk eu dks Hkh 'kkar] fuf"Ø; o ruko jfgr djssa] mlds fy, eu dks lkal ds lkFk tksM nsa A

5- eu esa dsoy lkal ds ckjs esa lksps fd lkal dSls vkrh gS] fdruh nsj :drh gS] o ckgj dSls tkrh gS A bl rjg ls vH;kl fu;fer :i ls yxkrkj fujarj djus ls dqN {k.kksqa ds fy, vkidk eu 'kqU; gks ldrk gS A tks /;ku dh voLFkk gS A

6- Hkkoukvksa ij fu;a=.k %&

euq"; u 'kjhj gS] u dsoy eu gS A og 'kjhj eu o psruk ;ksx gS A euq"; nz"Vk] lk{kh] Kkrk]lapkyd o fu;a=d cu ldrk gS A Kku ;k cks/k ds vHkko esa euq"; u gh vius 'kjhj dk u gh eu dk] fu;a=.k o lapkyu dj ikrk gS A cks/k ds vHkko esa euq"; dks vusd 'kkjhfjd o ekufld ihMk;s Hkksxuh iMrh gSA cks/k ds vHkko essa euq"; u rks LokLF; ds fu;e tkurk gSa A u gh mUgs vkpj.k esa ykrk gSa A og ;k rks euekuh

vkpj.k ds )kjk 'kjhj ij vU;k; ;k vR;kpkj djrk gS ;k fQj vius vki dks 'kjhj ekudj mlds eksg esa] oklukvksa ds nyny esa QWl tkrk gSa A cks/k ds vHkko esa euq"; ugh tkurk fd oklukvksa dk Hkh fu;a=.k fd;k tkrk gSa A

cks/k ds vHkko esa euq"; dk eu Hkh vfu;af=r gks tkrk gSa A vkSj euq"; dks dzks/k] nq%[k fpark] Hk;] ruko] ihMk o fujk'kk Hkksxuh iMrh gSa A cks/k ds )kjk euq"; eu dh dk;Ziz.kkyh tku ldrk gSa o mldk fu;a=.k Hkh dj

ldrk gSA eu dh xfrfof/k;ksa dk euksO;kikj dgk tkrk gSa A eu fopkj rFkk Hkkorkvksa dks tUe nsrk gSa A euq"; dk eu nks izdkj dh Hkkoukvksa dks tUe nsrk gSaA

1% lq[kn 2% nq[kn

eS=h] izse] lg;ksx] lgrhou n;k] d#.kk bR;kfn lq[kn Hkkouk;sa gksrh gS A

dzks/k] nq%[k fpUrk] Hk;] fujk'kk] bZ';kZ bR;kfn nq%[kn Hkkouk;sa gksrh gSa A

Hkkouk;sa vR;ar 'kkfDr'kkyh gksrh gSa A fo'ks"kr% nq%[kn Hkkouk;sa ck< ;k rwQku dh rjg euq"; thou esa mRikn djrh gSa A tks euq"; lko/kku ;k tkxzr ugh gksrk og nq%[kn Hkkorkvksa esa cg tkrk gSa o rckg gks tkrk gSa A vfu;af=r nq%[kn Hkkoukvksa ds dkj.k euq"; ds thou esa nq?kZVuk;sa ?kVrh gSa A ifjokj o iwjs lekt esa nq%[kn Hkkoukvksa ds dkj.k fgalk] minzo] rksM&QksM o fouk'k dh ?kVuk gks jgh gS A blfy;s izR;sd euq"; dks nq%[kn Hkkoukvksa ds R;kx dh ckr djrs gSa]rks dqN yksx vfu;af=r Hkkoukvksa esa Mwc tkrs gS A ysfdu nksuks gh

ekxZ gkfudkjd gS A cks/k jkLrk gS A ge Hkkoukvksa dk fu;a=.k dj ldrs gS A fu;a=.k ds }kjk ges lq[k&'kkafr fey ldrh gS A

Hkkoukvksa dk u rks R;kx laHko gS u gh mudk vfu;af=r gks tkuk ykHknk;d gSA Hkkoukvksa dk euq"; thou esa fo'ks"k izk;kstu gS A Hkkouk;sa o okluk;s deZ djus dh 'kfDr iznku djrh gS A muds vHkko esa euq"; thou 'kqU; gks tk;xk A

,M~l & ekuo tkfr dk ladV

vkt lkjs fo'o esa ,M~l ds [krjs ls euq"; tkfr dks fparkxzLr dj fn;k gS A ,M~l fdlh lhek&e;kZnk dks ugha tkurk A ,M~l fdlh dks Hkh gks ldrk gS A

• ,M~l dh chekjh dk dksbZ bykt ugha A• ,M~l dh chekjh dk dksbZ Vhdk ugha A• ,M~l dks tkudj thou 'kSyh dks cnyuk • gh ,M~l ls cpko djuk gS A• ,M~l u"V djrk gS jksx izfrdkjd 'kfDr

,M~l & AIDS dk vFkZ gS

A - Acquired - vDok;MZ & izkIr dh gqbZI - Immuno - bE;quks ¼jksx½ & izfrca/kkRed 'kfDrD - Deficieny - fMQsf'k;Ulh & dehS - Syndrome - flUMªkse & y{k.k lewg

,M~l ds fo"kk.kq ekuo 'kjhj dh jksx izfrdkjd 'kfDr dks u"V dj mls bruk detksj cuk nsrs gSa fd dbZ chekfj;k¡ iSnk gks tkrh gSa] vkSj c<+rs gh jgrh gSa A

,p-vk;-Ogh- gS ,M~l dk fo"kk.kq¼H - Human, I - Immuno, D - Deficiency, V - Virus½

,M~l ds fo"kk.kq dk uke gS & ,p-vk;-Ogh- ¼áqeu bE;quksa MsfQf'k;Ulh O;kg;jl½ euq"; ds 'kjhj esa izos'k djus ds ckn ,p-vk;-Ogh- euq"; dh jksxksa ls yM+us dh jksx izfrdkjd 'kfDr u"V djrk gS A dbZ o"kksZa rd ;g dke fujarj pyus ds ckn vkneh iwjh rjg ls detksj gks tkrk gS A tc mls vusd chekfj;ka idM+ ysrh gSa A fQj ,M~l dk bykt u gksus ls /khjs&/khjs euq"; e`R;q dh vkSj c<+rk gS A ,M~l ckf/kr euq"; ,M~l ds fo"kk.kqvksa dk QSyko djrk gS A ,M~l dh chekjh dk tYnh irk ughja pyrk A

,M~l ,sls ls QSyrk gS

1- ,p-vk;-Ogh- ds fo"kk.kq ;kSu fØ;kvksa }kjk ¼laHkksx&;k eSFkqu½] ,M~l ckf/kr jksxh ds 'kjhj ls lkFkh ¼ikVZuj½ ds 'kjhj esa izos'k djrs gSa A

2- ,p-vk;-Ogh- fo"kk.kq fefJr jDr ¼[kwu½ ysus ls A

3- nwf"kr fufMYl & fljhat ds batsD'ku ls A

4- ,M~l xzLr eka dk nw/k ihus ls ;k xHkkZoLFkk esa A

,M~l ugha QSyrk1- Li'kZ ls] gkFk feykus ls] pweus ls ;k vfyaxu ls A

2- tyiku ;k Hkkstu ls A

3- fNadus ;k [kkalus ls A

4- ePNj ;k dhVk.kq ds na'k ls A

5- crZuksa ls A

6- lkoZtfud 'kkSpky; ;k tyrj.k ls A