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Ultra-High Performance Concrete and Lattice Models
Karthik Kumaresan
Thesis submitted to the faculty of
Virginia Polytechnic Institute & State University
in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of
MASTER OF SCIENCE
IN
CIVIL ENGINEERING
Cristopher D. Moen, Chairman
Thomas E. Cousins
William J. Wright
September 8th, 2011
Blacksburg, Virginia
Keywords: UHPC, Tessellation, Lattice element, Fracture Energy
Copyright © Karthik Kumaresan
Draft 09/01/2009
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Name: Karthik Kumaresan
Description of item under review for fair use: Figure 1-1: World's first UHPC Bridge - The Sherbrooke pedestrian
bridge, Quebec (1997). Source: Blais, P. Y., and Couture, M. (1999). "Precast, Prestressed Pedestrian Bridge -
World's First Reactive Powder Concrete structure." PCI Journal, 44(Compendex), 60-71.
Report generated on: 09-29-2011 at : 15:40:18
Based on the information you provided:
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of the copyrighted work weighs: in favor of fair use
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favor of fair use
Draft 09/01/2009
(Questions? Concerns? Contact Gail McMillan, Director of the Digital Library and Archives at Virginia Tech's
University Libraries: [email protected])
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Name: Karthik Kumaresan
Description of item under review for fair use: Figure 1-2: World's first UHPC Bridge for normal highway traffic -
Shepherds Creek Road Bridge, NSW, Australia. Source: Rebentrost, M., and Wight, G. (2009). "UHPC Perspective
from a Specialist Construction Company.".
Report generated on: 09-29-2011 at : 15:44:46
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work weighs: in favor of fair use
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of the copyrighted work weighs: in favor of fair use
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favor of fair use
Draft 09/01/2009
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Name: Karthik Kumaresan
Description of item under review for fair use: Figure 1-3: (Anti-clockwise from top) Elevation of a 20.4m pi-shaped
UHPC beam, cross section of the beam, the cast beam in a production facility. Source: Rebentrost, M., and Wight, G.
(2009). "UHPC Perspective from a Specialist Construction Company."
Report generated on: 09-29-2011 at : 15:49:38
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work weighs: in favor of fair use
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favor of fair use
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copyrighted work weighs: in favor of fair use
Factor 4
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of the copyrighted work weighs: in favor of fair use
Based on the information you provided, your use of the copyrighted work weighs: in
favor of fair use
Draft 09/01/2009
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University Libraries: [email protected])
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Name: Karthik Kumaresan
Description of item under review for fair use: Figure 1-4: The pi-shaped UHPC beams installed in footbridges in
Auckland, New Zealand, (Left) Papatoetoe footbridge, (Right) Penrose footbridge during construction. Source:
Rebentrost, M., and Wight, G. (2009). "UHPC Perspective from a Specialist Construction Company."
Report generated on: 09-29-2011 at : 15:52:27
Based on the information you provided:
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work weighs: in favor of fair use
Factor 2
Your consideration of the nature of the copyrighted work you used weighs: in
favor of fair use
Factor 3
Your consideration of the amount and substantiality of your use of the
copyrighted work weighs: in favor of fair use
Factor 4
Your consideration of the effect or potential effect on the market after your use
of the copyrighted work weighs: in favor of fair use
Based on the information you provided, your use of the copyrighted work weighs: in
favor of fair use
Draft 09/01/2009
(Questions? Concerns? Contact Gail McMillan, Director of the Digital Library and Archives at Virginia Tech's
University Libraries: [email protected])
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Virginia Tech ETD Fair Use Analysis Results
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Name: Karthik Kumaresan
Description of item under review for fair use: Figure 1-5: Sunyudo (Peace) footbridge in Seoul, South Korea. Source:
Ricciotti, R. (2002). "The Footbridge of Peace." Concrete, 36(10), 11-13.
Report generated on: 09-29-2011 at : 15:54:09
Based on the information you provided:
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work weighs: in favor of fair use
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Your consideration of the nature of the copyrighted work you used weighs: in
favor of fair use
Factor 3
Your consideration of the amount and substantiality of your use of the
copyrighted work weighs: in favor of fair use
Factor 4
Your consideration of the effect or potential effect on the market after your use
of the copyrighted work weighs: in favor of fair use
Based on the information you provided, your use of the copyrighted work weighs: in
favor of fair use
Draft 09/01/2009
(Questions? Concerns? Contact Gail McMillan, Director of the Digital Library and Archives at Virginia Tech's
University Libraries: [email protected])
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Virginia Tech ETD Fair Use Analysis Results
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making a sound decision.
Name: Karthik Kumaresan
Description of item under review for fair use: Figure 1-6: Sakata-Mirai footbridge, Sakata, Japan. Source: Tanaka, Y.,
Musya, H., Ootake, A., Shimoyama, Y., and Kaneko, O. "Design and construction of Sakata–Mirai footbridge using
reactive powder concrete." 417–424.
Report generated on: 09-29-2011 at : 15:55:59
Based on the information you provided:
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work weighs: in favor of fair use
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favor of fair use
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copyrighted work weighs: in favor of fair use
Factor 4
Your consideration of the effect or potential effect on the market after your use
of the copyrighted work weighs: in favor of fair use
Based on the information you provided, your use of the copyrighted work weighs: in
favor of fair use
Draft 09/01/2009
(Questions? Concerns? Contact Gail McMillan, Director of the Digital Library and Archives at Virginia Tech's
University Libraries: [email protected])
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Virginia Tech ETD Fair Use Analysis Results
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making a sound decision.
Name: Karthik Kumaresan
Description of item under review for fair use: Figure 1-7: Mars Hill Bridge, Ottumwa, Iowa, first UHPC Bridge built in
the US (2006). Source: Bierwagen, D., Abu-Hawash, A., and Abu, A. "Ultra high performance concrete highway
bridge." 1-14.
Report generated on: 09-29-2011 at : 15:57:20
Based on the information you provided:
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work weighs: in favor of fair use
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favor of fair use
Factor 3
Your consideration of the amount and substantiality of your use of the
copyrighted work weighs: in favor of fair use
Factor 4
Your consideration of the effect or potential effect on the market after your use
of the copyrighted work weighs: in favor of fair use
Based on the information you provided, your use of the copyrighted work weighs: in
favor of fair use
Draft 09/01/2009
(Questions? Concerns? Contact Gail McMillan, Director of the Digital Library and Archives at Virginia Tech's
University Libraries: [email protected])
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Virginia Tech ETD Fair Use Analysis Results
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making a sound decision.
Name: Karthik Kumaresan
Description of item under review for fair use: Figure 1-8: Jakway Park Bridge, Buchanan County, Iowa. Source:
Keierleber, B., Bierwagen, D., Wipf, T. (2008). "Design of Buchanan County, Iowa, Bridge, Using Ultra High-
Performance Concrete and Pi-Beam Cross Section."
Report generated on: 09-29-2011 at : 15:59:00
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work weighs: in favor of fair use
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copyrighted work weighs: in favor of fair use
Factor 4
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of the copyrighted work weighs: in favor of fair use
Based on the information you provided, your use of the copyrighted work weighs: in
favor of fair use
Draft 09/01/2009
(Questions? Concerns? Contact Gail McMillan, Director of the Digital Library and Archives at Virginia Tech's
University Libraries: [email protected])
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Virginia Tech ETD Fair Use Analysis Results
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making a sound decision.
Name: Karthik Kumaresan
Description of item under review for fair use: Figure 1-9: (Left) The Village of Lyons Bridge, New York (2009),
(Right) Oneonta, New York (2009). Source: Perry, V., and Royce, M. "Innovative Field Cast UHPC Joints for Precast
Bridge Decks (side-by-side deck-tees) Village of Lyons, NY."
Report generated on: 09-29-2011 at : 16:00:57
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work weighs: in favor of fair use
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favor of fair use
Factor 3
Your consideration of the amount and substantiality of your use of the
copyrighted work weighs: in favor of fair use
Factor 4
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of the copyrighted work weighs: in favor of fair use
Based on the information you provided, your use of the copyrighted work weighs: in
favor of fair use
Draft 09/01/2009
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Virginia Tech ETD Fair Use Analysis Results
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Name: Karthik Kumaresan
Description of item under review for fair use: Figure 3-2: Types of fibers used in cement composites. Source:
Naaman, A. E. (2008). "High performance fiber reinforced cement composites." High-performance construction
materials. Science and Applications, 91–153.
Report generated on: 09-29-2011 at : 16:43:17
Based on the information you provided:
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work weighs: in favor of fair use
Factor 2
Your consideration of the nature of the copyrighted work you used weighs: in
favor of fair use
Factor 3
Your consideration of the amount and substantiality of your use of the
copyrighted work weighs: in favor of fair use
Factor 4
Your consideration of the effect or potential effect on the market after your use
of the copyrighted work weighs: in favor of fair use
Based on the information you provided, your use of the copyrighted work weighs: in
favor of fair use
Draft 09/01/2009
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Name: Karthik Kumaresan
Description of item under review for fair use: Table 1-1: UHPC Constituents. Source: Graybeal, B. A. (2006).
"Material Property Characterization of Ultra-High Performance Concrete."
Report generated on: 09-21-2011 at : 19:48:13
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work weighs: in favor of fair use
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favor of fair use
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Your consideration of the amount and substantiality of your use of the
copyrighted work weighs: in favor of fair use
Factor 4
Your consideration of the effect or potential effect on the market after your use
of the copyrighted work weighs: in favor of fair use
Based on the information you provided, your use of the copyrighted work weighs: in
favor of fair use
Draft 09/01/2009
(Questions? Concerns? Contact Gail McMillan, Director of the Digital Library and Archives at Virginia Tech's
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Virginia Tech ETD Fair Use Analysis Results
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making a sound decision.
Name: Karthik Kumaresan
Description of item under review for fair use: Table 2-1: Typical Composition of Ductal as given in Australian Code.
Source: Dallaire, E., Aitcin, P.-C., and Lachemi, M. (1998). "High-performance powder." Civil Engineering,
68(Compendex), 48-51.
Report generated on: 09-21-2011 at : 19:51:18
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work weighs: in favor of fair use
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copyrighted work weighs: in favor of fair use
Factor 4
Your consideration of the effect or potential effect on the market after your use
of the copyrighted work weighs: in favor of fair use
Based on the information you provided, your use of the copyrighted work weighs: in
favor of fair use
Draft 09/01/2009
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Name: Karthik Kumaresan
Description of item under review for fair use: Table 4-1: Selecting the size of specimen. Source: RILEM, T. C. S.
(1985). "Determination of the fracture energy of mortar and concrete by means of three-point bend tests on notched
beams." Materials and Structures, 18, 285-290.
Report generated on: 09-21-2011 at : 19:53:07
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Your consideration of the amount and substantiality of your use of the
copyrighted work weighs: in favor of fair use
Factor 4
Your consideration of the effect or potential effect on the market after your use
of the copyrighted work weighs: in favor of fair use
Based on the information you provided, your use of the copyrighted work weighs: in
favor of fair use
Draft 09/01/2009
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Name: Karthik Kumaresan
Description of item under review for fair use: Table E-1: Plate Test Data. Source: Swartz, S. E., Rosebraugh, V. H.,
and Berman, M. Y. (1974). "Buckling tests on rectangular concrete panels." Journal of The American Concrete
Institute, 71(Compendex), 33-39.
Report generated on: 09-21-2011 at : 19:55:59
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copyrighted work weighs: in favor of fair use
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Your consideration of the effect or potential effect on the market after your use
of the copyrighted work weighs: in favor of fair use
Based on the information you provided, your use of the copyrighted work weighs: in
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