Ultraviolet Ultraviolet TelescopesTelescopes

James GreenJames Green

The Modern Universe Space Telescope

A Visions Mission Concept Study forA Large UV-Optical Space Telescope

James GreenJohn BallyMatthew BeasleyRobert BrownDennis EbbetsWendy FreedmanJohn GrunsfeldJohn HuchraSteve KilstonRandy KimbleJon MorseRobert O’ConnellKenneth SembachMichael ShullOswald SiegmundErik Wilkinson

Vision Mission Study for a Vision Mission Study for a 10 meter optical UV 10 meter optical UV

telescopetelescope

Science GoalsScience Goals Measurement CapabilitiesMeasurement Capabilities Engineering ImplicationsEngineering Implications Key TechnologiesKey Technologies

How are modern How are modern galaxies assembled galaxies assembled and how do they and how do they evolve?evolve?

How metals are How metals are created and created and distributed distributed through the through the modern universe?modern universe?

How do stars and How do stars and planetary systems planetary systems form and how does form and how does this impact their this impact their likelihood of likelihood of supporting life?supporting life?

Where are the Where are the baryons in the baryons in the modern universe modern universe and how are they and how are they distributed?distributed?

Sensitivity to V = 29 Sensitivity to V = 29 stars in hour-long stars in hour-long exposuresexposures100 independent 100 independent resolution elements across resolution elements across a one arcsecond galaxy at a one arcsecond galaxy at z ~ 2z ~ 2Large field of view for Large field of view for efficient sky coverage efficient sky coverage Narrow filters suitable Narrow filters suitable for studying gas processes for studying gas processes in both local and in both local and extragalactic extragalactic environmentsenvironmentsSeparate stars in super Separate stars in super star clusters at modest star clusters at modest redshift (< 0.2) (0.01 redshift (< 0.2) (0.01 arcseconds)arcseconds)Measure proper motion Measure proper motion of 10 kmsof 10 kms-1-1 out to 8 kpc out to 8 kpcResolve scales of 4.5 AU Resolve scales of 4.5 AU at Orion (0.01 arcseconds)at Orion (0.01 arcseconds)High contrast imagingHigh contrast imagingUV/Optical spectroscopy UV/Optical spectroscopy of mof m

vv = 21 objects at = 21 objects at

> 20,000> 20,000Multi-object Multi-object spectroscopyspectroscopyIntegral Field Integral Field SpectroscopySpectroscopy

DetectorsDetectorsLarge format, high QE Large format, high QE arrays for NUV-Visible arrays for NUV-Visible High QE large format UV High QE large format UV photon counting detectorsphoton counting detectorsRadiation tolerant Radiation tolerant detectorsdetectorsOpticsOptics10 meter primary, 10 meter primary, segmented primarysegmented primaryDiffraction limited at Diffraction limited at 500nm500nmLow UV scatter opticsLow UV scatter opticsHigh throughput High throughput UV/Optical spectrographUV/Optical spectrographTunable filters for Tunable filters for arbitrary bandpass arbitrary bandpass selection.selection.MiscellaneousMiscellaneousFine pointing/ correction Fine pointing/ correction (< 1 mas)(< 1 mas)Extremely large data Extremely large data volume drives telemetry volume drives telemetry systemssystemsEfficient maneuvering of Efficient maneuvering of large, massive large, massive observatoryobservatory

DetectorsDetectors4 edge buttable 4 edge buttable NUV/Visible solid state NUV/Visible solid state devices devices High resolution, large High resolution, large format anodes for format anodes for microchannel plate microchannel plate detectorsdetectorsImproved microchannel Improved microchannel plates for lower plates for lower gain/higher count rate gain/higher count rate applicationsapplicationsImproved photocathodes Improved photocathodes for microchannel plate for microchannel plate based detector systemsbased detector systemsHigher efficiency for solid Higher efficiency for solid state detectorsstate detectorsOpticsOpticsOn orbit assembly and On orbit assembly and verification process for verification process for large opticslarge opticsCoronagraphy with Coronagraphy with segmented primary opticsegmented primary opticCoating techniques for Coating techniques for large opticslarge opticsTunable filter technology Tunable filter technology applied to large sizes for applied to large sizes for space based systemsspace based systems

Imaging InstrumentsImaging Instruments

High Resolution Camera: High Resolution Camera: 0.010.01"" resolution over a 300 resolution over a 300"" x 300 x 300""

FOVFOV (10 gigapixel detector @ 0.0033(10 gigapixel detector @ 0.0033"" per pixelper pixel))

Wide Field Camera:Wide Field Camera: 0.030.03" resolution over a 1500" x 1500" " resolution over a 1500" x 1500"

FOVFOV (10 Gigapixel detector @ 0.015" per pixel)(10 Gigapixel detector @ 0.015" per pixel)

0.01 arc second imaging

HST z ~ 0, today NHST z = 1.5, ~ 9Byr ago JWST z = 4, ~11Byr ago

0.01 arc second imaging

Resolution at Orion = 4.5 AU

Resolution at Taurus = 1.4 AU

Spectroscopic Spectroscopic InstrumentsInstruments

Multi-Object Spectrograph and Multi-Object Spectrograph and Integral Field Spectrograph –Integral Field Spectrograph –

Up to ~1000 simultaneous Up to ~1000 simultaneous spectra in the data cube – either spectra in the data cube – either critically packed (IFU) or low critically packed (IFU) or low density sampling (MOS)density sampling (MOS)

Can VSE enable these Can VSE enable these goals?goals?

If the primary purpose of NASA was If the primary purpose of NASA was to launch a 10 meter optical-UV to launch a 10 meter optical-UV telescope, we would not choose to telescope, we would not choose to go to the moon -go to the moon -

However, it is not the primary However, it is not the primary purpose of NASA to launch a 10 purpose of NASA to launch a 10 meter optical-UV telescope – and we meter optical-UV telescope – and we are going to the moonare going to the moon

Going to the moon will Going to the moon will require substantial require substantial

infrastructure infrastructure The primary technical The primary technical

limitations in mission limitations in mission design are mass and design are mass and volume – particularly volume – particularly fairing diameterfairing diameter

Any moon launch vehicle Any moon launch vehicle will have plenty of bothwill have plenty of both

Last time we went to the moon

Saturn V capabilitiesSaturn V capabilities

260,000 lbs to LEO260,000 lbs to LEO 100,000 lbs to trans-lunar100,000 lbs to trans-lunar

Designed with single-mindedness Designed with single-mindedness

““To take a man to the moon and To take a man to the moon and return him safely before then of the return him safely before then of the decade”decade”

However, the Saturn V However, the Saturn V could and did do more - could and did do more -

84 feet long 22 feet in diameter

16

Imagine if that had been a telescope!

1.9m (PAF)

13.1 m (Dispenser)

9.8 m

Robotic Volume

Secondary Assembly

Tray’s for AttachableMirror Pedals

Sun Shield Assembly

Spacecraft Bus

Comm. Antenna (s)

Stowed Solar Array

The vision aims to bring the The vision aims to bring the solar system into our solar system into our

economic sphereeconomic sphere

This means the launch capabilities This means the launch capabilities must have some flexibility – cargo must have some flexibility – cargo capacity – space walking capacity – space walking

We cannot drive the specifications We cannot drive the specifications of the system, but can we nudge of the system, but can we nudge them?them?

What would we want?What would we want?

As large a diameter fairing as possible:As large a diameter fairing as possible: What is the cost/benefit of a bulbous fairing What is the cost/benefit of a bulbous fairing

for astronomy?for astronomy?

Ability to service telescopes:Ability to service telescopes: Docking and EVA capabilityDocking and EVA capability

Ability to travel to locations other than Ability to travel to locations other than the moon:the moon:

- - Earth/Moon L1, Lunar orbit, Sun/Earth L2?Earth/Moon L1, Lunar orbit, Sun/Earth L2?

Now is the timeNow is the time

Now is the time to be Now is the time to be participatory, and press for participatory, and press for capabilities for Astronomy in capabilities for Astronomy in general, and not for any specific general, and not for any specific missionmission

While I do not want to dismiss the While I do not want to dismiss the difficulty in affecting the process, difficulty in affecting the process, it will only be harder laterit will only be harder later

Will we treat the vision the Will we treat the vision the same way?same way?

What capabilities What capabilities might the ISS have might the ISS have now, what astronomy now, what astronomy missions might it missions might it currently support, if currently support, if it had been designed it had been designed with these needs up with these needs up front.front.

The astronomy The astronomy community rejected community rejected the ISS from the the ISS from the start, and opposed start, and opposed its development and its development and now it is useless to now it is useless to usus

If we put a telescope on the If we put a telescope on the surfacesurface

We should use the ground based We should use the ground based paradigm – not the space mission paradigm – not the space mission paradigmparadigm

A facility on the moon – multi-A facility on the moon – multi-wavelength, multi-capable, wavelength, multi-capable, upgradeable, repairable, and upgradeable, repairable, and utilizing the manned presenceutilizing the manned presence

VSE is an opportunityVSE is an opportunity

A new infrastructure to launch large, A new infrastructure to launch large, heavy and complex payloads is being heavy and complex payloads is being developeddeveloped

This may well include the ability to This may well include the ability to sustain manned operations beyond sustain manned operations beyond low earth orbitlow earth orbit

If we cannot find a way to utilize this If we cannot find a way to utilize this capability to perform cutting edge capability to perform cutting edge astronomy, than something is wrong. astronomy, than something is wrong.