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Umicore in the driver’s seat Umicore in the driver’s seat

Umicore in the driver’s...2011 2012 2015 2020 Rechargeable Battery Materials Different scenarios indicate strong growth HEV - NiMH HEV - Li-Ion PHEV - Li-Ion EV - Li-ion Scenario

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Page 1: Umicore in the driver’s...2011 2012 2015 2020 Rechargeable Battery Materials Different scenarios indicate strong growth HEV - NiMH HEV - Li-Ion PHEV - Li-Ion EV - Li-ion Scenario

Umicore in the driver’s

seat

Umicore in the driver’s

seat

Page 2: Umicore in the driver’s...2011 2012 2015 2020 Rechargeable Battery Materials Different scenarios indicate strong growth HEV - NiMH HEV - Li-Ion PHEV - Li-Ion EV - Li-ion Scenario

2

Umicore, global leader in …

Automotive catalysts

for passenger cars

Key materials for rechargeable batteries

used in portable electronics and hybrid & electric cars

Germanium substrates

and other materials which are used in new photovoltaic technologies

Recycling precious metals

from old mobile phones, laptops, electronic scrap and spent catalyst material

Page 3: Umicore in the driver’s...2011 2012 2015 2020 Rechargeable Battery Materials Different scenarios indicate strong growth HEV - NiMH HEV - Li-Ion PHEV - Li-Ion EV - Li-ion Scenario

3

Umicore’s business approach

We transform metals into hi-tech materials

We use application know-how to create tailor-made solutions in close collaboration with our customers

We close the loop and secure supply by recycling production scrap and end-of-life materials

We aim to minimize our environmental impact and be the best employer and neighbour

material

solutionsMetals

Applicationknow-how

Recycling

Material

solutions

Chemistry

Material science

Metallurgy

Page 4: Umicore in the driver’s...2011 2012 2015 2020 Rechargeable Battery Materials Different scenarios indicate strong growth HEV - NiMH HEV - Li-Ion PHEV - Li-Ion EV - Li-ion Scenario

4

Umicore 2011 in figures

Key financials for 2011

Turnover €

14.5 G

Revenues €

2.3 G

Recurring EBITDA €

553 M

Recurring EBIT €

416 M

ROCE 18.6%

R&D €

157 M

Capex €

213 M

Gearing ratio 13.4%

Market cap. * €

~4.2 G

Recurring EPS €

2.69/share

Dividend €

1.00/share

*

at Q1 2012 excluding treasury shares

14,572

people

7,635347

3,251244

1,6253

1,19551

866113

77

industrial sites15

R&D centres

Global positioning at end 2011

Page 5: Umicore in the driver’s...2011 2012 2015 2020 Rechargeable Battery Materials Different scenarios indicate strong growth HEV - NiMH HEV - Li-Ion PHEV - Li-Ion EV - Li-ion Scenario

5

Umicore’s business groups

Recycling Energy Materials Catalysis Performance Materials

Unique recycling process dealing with complex industrial residues and end-of-

life materials

Materials which enable the clean production and storage of low-

carbon energy

Technology solutions to treat automotive emissions and other chemical processes

Essential materials and chemicals based on precious metals and zinc for pharma, construction, electrical equipment, …

Business drivers

Materials scarcity

Recycling legislation

Energy efficiency

Business drivers

New (H)EV vehicles

Photovoltaic demand

Demand for safer products

Business drivers

Global emission legislation

Emerging markets

New applications (HDD)

Business drivers

Industrial production

Geographical expansion

Eco-friendly products

Page 6: Umicore in the driver’s...2011 2012 2015 2020 Rechargeable Battery Materials Different scenarios indicate strong growth HEV - NiMH HEV - Li-Ion PHEV - Li-Ion EV - Li-ion Scenario

6

Business group split for 2011

Revenues

CA35%

EM17%

PM21%

RE27%

(excluding metal)

Corporate not included

EBIT

CA19%

EM9%

PM14%

RE58%

(recurring)

Corporate not included

Capital employed

CA34%

EM20%

PM28%

RE18%

(average)

Corporate not included

CA

CatalysisEM

Energy MaterialsPM

Performance MaterialsRE

Recyclingexcluding Corporate

Page 7: Umicore in the driver’s...2011 2012 2015 2020 Rechargeable Battery Materials Different scenarios indicate strong growth HEV - NiMH HEV - Li-Ion PHEV - Li-Ion EV - Li-ion Scenario

7

Strong growth potential

Recycling Energy Materials Catalysis Performance Materials

Double digit growth (average over 2010 -

2015/2020)

Based on key growth drivers aligned with market trends

GDP growth

High R&D•

High investments•

Many new applications/markets

Lower R&D•

High investments•

Some new applica-

tions/markets

Growth will not

be linear and not equal over all activities

Innovation

as a differentiator for success in all areas

Growth will not be pursued at the expense of value creation

Goal to generate an average ROCE of 15-20% between now and 2015

Page 8: Umicore in the driver’s...2011 2012 2015 2020 Rechargeable Battery Materials Different scenarios indicate strong growth HEV - NiMH HEV - Li-Ion PHEV - Li-Ion EV - Li-ion Scenario

8

Great place to work

Eco-

efficiency

Stakeholder engagement

Economic performance

Sustainability is essential

Zero lost time accidents

Occupational exposure reduction

People

development

Preferred employer

We aim to have ZERO lost time accidents

We will reduce the body concentrations of specific metals to which our employees have an exposure: Cd, Pb, Co, Ni, As, Pt

All employees will receive an annual appraisal to discuss individual development

We will target our actions based on the results of the 2010 People Survey

Growth and returns

Reduce carbon footprint

Emissionreduction

Product

sustainability

We aim to reduce our CO2

emissions by 20% vs

2006 levels and based on 2006 industrial scope

We aim to reduce by 20% the impact of metal emissions to water and air vs

2009 levels

We will invest in tools to better understand and measure the life cycles and impacts of our products

Sustainable procurement

Local

community

We will implement the new Sustainable Procurement Charter throughout our business

All our sites will be expected to make further steps in identifying key stakeholders and engaging with the local community

We aim to achieve double digit revenue growth and our goal is to

generate an average return on capital employed of more than 15%

Page 9: Umicore in the driver’s...2011 2012 2015 2020 Rechargeable Battery Materials Different scenarios indicate strong growth HEV - NiMH HEV - Li-Ion PHEV - Li-Ion EV - Li-ion Scenario

9

Strategic roadmap

2010 -

2012 2012 -

2015 2015 -

Accelerate

Acceleration of growth

Growing into leadership positions

Optimum performance

Further investments in chosen areas

Focus

Intensification of investment efforts

Initial pay-off for major growth

initiatives in terms of market position and

profitability

Prepare

Regain profitability of 2007-2008

Lay the foundations for exceptional growth initiatives, such as HDD

Demonstrate the feasibility of others, such as UHT recycling

Page 10: Umicore in the driver’s...2011 2012 2015 2020 Rechargeable Battery Materials Different scenarios indicate strong growth HEV - NiMH HEV - Li-Ion PHEV - Li-Ion EV - Li-ion Scenario

Umicore in the driver’s

seat

Umicore in the driver’s

seat

Page 11: Umicore in the driver’s...2011 2012 2015 2020 Rechargeable Battery Materials Different scenarios indicate strong growth HEV - NiMH HEV - Li-Ion PHEV - Li-Ion EV - Li-ion Scenario

11

CO2

emissions targeted today

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

1990

2010

2030

2050

2050

abat

ed

Source: www.roadmap2050.eu

[Gt/year]

Road transport Air & sea transport Industry

Power Waste Buildings

Agriculture Forestry

EU CO2e emissions

-80%

-95%

To reduce emission by 80% by 2050

serious efforts are necessary

Road transport to improve substantially

Accounts today for 15-20% of total

To be reduced by 95% by 2050

Page 12: Umicore in the driver’s...2011 2012 2015 2020 Rechargeable Battery Materials Different scenarios indicate strong growth HEV - NiMH HEV - Li-Ion PHEV - Li-Ion EV - Li-ion Scenario

12

CO2

reduction targets for passenger vehicles

exist in most regions

95

Europe

-38%154 152

USA

-37%

240

109

Japan

-23%141145

China

-22%185

Source: Continental (2011)

CO2

emission targets for passenger vehicles[g/km]

130

181

125

167

2010

2015

2020

2010

2015

2020

2010

2015

2020

2010

2015

2020

Actual legislation

Proposed legislation

Enacted legislation

Estimated legislation

Page 13: Umicore in the driver’s...2011 2012 2015 2020 Rechargeable Battery Materials Different scenarios indicate strong growth HEV - NiMH HEV - Li-Ion PHEV - Li-Ion EV - Li-ion Scenario

13

Challenging CO2

emission targets

pushes advanced engine configurations

Down-sized turbo-charged gasoline

Gasoline direct injection

Lean burning gasoline engines

Diesel

(Flex fuel)

Start-stop mechanism

HEV: Mild HEV Full HEV

PHEV: Parallel Range extender

EV: BEV FCEV

Advanced ICE configurations

Electrification

of the vehicle

Requires more complex

emission control catalyst solutions

Requires larger battery and

still automotive catalyst (except EV)

ICE

Internal Combustion Engine-powered vehicle

HEV

Hybrid Electric Vehicle

PHEV

Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle

EV

Electric Vehicle

BEV

Battery-powered Electric Vehicle

FCEV

Fuel Cell-powered Electric Vehicle

Page 14: Umicore in the driver’s...2011 2012 2015 2020 Rechargeable Battery Materials Different scenarios indicate strong growth HEV - NiMH HEV - Li-Ion PHEV - Li-Ion EV - Li-ion Scenario

14

Different engine configurations

will be needed to reach the 2050 goals

100

50

150

00 400 600200 800 1000 1200 1400

CO2

emission

[g/km]

Range

[km]

ICE

diesel

ICE

gasoline

PHEV

FCEV

BEV

2010

2050

2010

2050

2010

2050

2010

2050

2010

2050

EU 2015

target

EU 2020

target

ICE

Internal Combustion Engine-powered vehicle

BEV

Battery-powered Electric Vehicle

HEV

Hybrid Electric Vehicle

PHEV

Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle

FCEV

Fuel Cell-powered Electric Vehicle

Source:

A portfolio of power-trains for Europe: A fact-based analysis (EU coalition study 2010)

Page 15: Umicore in the driver’s...2011 2012 2015 2020 Rechargeable Battery Materials Different scenarios indicate strong growth HEV - NiMH HEV - Li-Ion PHEV - Li-Ion EV - Li-ion Scenario

15

Different scenarios indicate growth of electrification

But ICE remains dominant in coming years

Scenario 1

60

70

80

90

100

110

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

2018

2019

[M vehicles]

Scenario 3

60

70

80

90

100

110

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

2018

2019

[M vehicles]

0 0

Source: Umicore estimate based on external data sources

Electric Vehicle (EV)

PHEV (Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle)

HEV (Hybrid Electric Vehicles)

ICE (Internal Combustion Engine-powered vehicle)

CO2

limits will be reached

through ICE improvement and electrification

(OEM push only)

On top of meeting CO2

limits,

there is also a positive TCO for consumers

(OEM push + customer pull)

Scenario 1 Scenario 3

Page 16: Umicore in the driver’s...2011 2012 2015 2020 Rechargeable Battery Materials Different scenarios indicate strong growth HEV - NiMH HEV - Li-Ion PHEV - Li-Ion EV - Li-ion Scenario

16

What’s in ICEs

for Umicore?

(Internal Combustion Engine-powered vehicles)

Recycling

Treating waste while recovering valuable metals

•Pt, Pd and Rh

from automotive catalysts

Automotive Catalyst

Increasing complexity with

•More stringent legislation

•Advanced ICE configurations

Page 17: Umicore in the driver’s...2011 2012 2015 2020 Rechargeable Battery Materials Different scenarios indicate strong growth HEV - NiMH HEV - Li-Ion PHEV - Li-Ion EV - Li-ion Scenario

17

What’s in (P)HEVs

for Umicore?

((Plug-in) Hybrid Electric Vehicles)

Increasing size with electrification level

Complexity increases with size

Recycling

Treating waste while recovering valuable metals

•Pt, Pd and Rh

from automotive catalysts

•Ni, Co, Cu (and REEs) from rechargeable batteries

Automotive Catalyst

Increasing complexity with

•More stringent legislation

•Advanced ICE configurations

•On/off mode of engine

Decreasing size with electrification level

Rechargeable battery

cathode material

Page 18: Umicore in the driver’s...2011 2012 2015 2020 Rechargeable Battery Materials Different scenarios indicate strong growth HEV - NiMH HEV - Li-Ion PHEV - Li-Ion EV - Li-ion Scenario

18

What’s in BEVs

for Umicore?

(Battery-powered Electric Vehicles)

Rechargeable battery

cathode material

Larger size depending on requested driving range

Complexity increases with size

Recycling

Treating waste while recovering valuable metals

•Ni, Co, Cu (and REEs) from rechargeable batteries

Page 19: Umicore in the driver’s...2011 2012 2015 2020 Rechargeable Battery Materials Different scenarios indicate strong growth HEV - NiMH HEV - Li-Ion PHEV - Li-Ion EV - Li-ion Scenario

19

What’s in FCEVs

for Umicore?

(Fuel Cell-powered Electric Vehicles)

Large battery still needed in FCEV

Recycling

Treating waste while recovering valuable metals

•Pt from fuel cells

•Ni, Co, Cu (and REEs) from rechargeable batteries

Fuel Cell membrane

electrode assembly

Increasing complexity with

•More stringent legislation

•Advanced ICE configurations

Decreasing size with electrification level

Rechargeable battery

cathode material

Page 20: Umicore in the driver’s...2011 2012 2015 2020 Rechargeable Battery Materials Different scenarios indicate strong growth HEV - NiMH HEV - Li-Ion PHEV - Li-Ion EV - Li-ion Scenario

20

Umicore’s product offer covers all powertrain possibilities

ICE HEV PHEV EV

Normal Start-stop Mild FullParallel

systemRange

extenderBEV FCEV

Emission control catalyst

Relative

size +++ +++ +++ ++ ++ +No emission

control catalystRelative

complexity + + + ++ +++ +

Battery

Relative

size + + ++ ++ +++ ++

Relative

complexity + ++ +++ ++ ++ ++

Fuel cell No fuel cell +++

Page 21: Umicore in the driver’s...2011 2012 2015 2020 Rechargeable Battery Materials Different scenarios indicate strong growth HEV - NiMH HEV - Li-Ion PHEV - Li-Ion EV - Li-ion Scenario

21

Automotive Catalysts

Vehicle production is due to grow …

in emerging markets

Car production

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

2018

2019

Source: Umicore estimate based on external data sources

[M vehicles]

Middle East/AfricaSouth AmericaSouth AsiaChina

Car production

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

2018

2019

Source: Umicore estimate based on external data sources

[M vehicles]

Japan/Korea

North America

Europe

Established Markets Emerging Markets

Source: Umicore estimates based on external databases

Page 22: Umicore in the driver’s...2011 2012 2015 2020 Rechargeable Battery Materials Different scenarios indicate strong growth HEV - NiMH HEV - Li-Ion PHEV - Li-Ion EV - Li-ion Scenario

22

Automotive Catalysts

Toxic emissions legislation strengthening in most regions

US regulation

EU regulation

Japanese regulation

No regulation

EU inspired regulation

Legislation requires new catalyst solutions

NOx

abatement systems

Gasoline Particulate Filters, …

Page 23: Umicore in the driver’s...2011 2012 2015 2020 Rechargeable Battery Materials Different scenarios indicate strong growth HEV - NiMH HEV - Li-Ion PHEV - Li-Ion EV - Li-ion Scenario

23

Automotive Catalysts

Umicore’s global footprint

Burlington

Canada

Tulsa

USAHimeji

Japan

Onsan

Korea

Ansan

Korea

Suzhou

China

Rheinfelden

GermanyKarlskoga

SwedenHanau

GermanyFlorange

France

Americana

Brazil

Auburn Hills

USA

Port Elisabeth

South Africa

Production plant

R&D centre

Page 24: Umicore in the driver’s...2011 2012 2015 2020 Rechargeable Battery Materials Different scenarios indicate strong growth HEV - NiMH HEV - Li-Ion PHEV - Li-Ion EV - Li-ion Scenario

24

Regional positions

Market leader

(#1 or #2 position)

Smaller player

(distant #3)

Circles indicative of 2011 light duty vehicle production volumes

(≠

catalyst revenues)

Automotive Catalysts

Umicore’s global leadership position in light duty

NorthNorth

AmericaAmerica

EuropeEurope

ChinaChina

KoreaKorea

SouthSouth

AmericaAmerica

JapanJapan

IndiaIndia

RussiaRussia

AustraliaAustralia

Page 25: Umicore in the driver’s...2011 2012 2015 2020 Rechargeable Battery Materials Different scenarios indicate strong growth HEV - NiMH HEV - Li-Ion PHEV - Li-Ion EV - Li-ion Scenario

25

Automotive Catalysts

Automotive catalysts market set to grow

Growing vehicle production with ICE

More stringent emission legislation in all the

major markets

Complexity set to increase further

(NOx

after-treatment, GPFs, …)

Umicore is a global leader for light duty applications

Well positioned globally

Strong position for complex engine types including diesel, hybrid vehicles, flex fuel, …

Umicore is continuing to invest in manufacturing and testing capabilities

Umicore is gradually gaining ground in HDD, supported by customer awards

Catalyst

requirements

are becoming

ever more complex

Page 26: Umicore in the driver’s...2011 2012 2015 2020 Rechargeable Battery Materials Different scenarios indicate strong growth HEV - NiMH HEV - Li-Ion PHEV - Li-Ion EV - Li-ion Scenario

26

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

Source: Umicore estimate based on external data sources

2011

2012

2015

2020

Rechargeable Battery Materials

Different scenarios indicate strong growth

HEV - NiMH HEV - Li-Ion PHEV - Li-Ion EV - Li-ion

Scenario 1 Scenario 3

2011

2012

2015

2020

0

50,000

100,000

150,000

200,000

250,000

300,000

350,000

Source: Umicore estimate based on external data sources

[tonnes]

Portable electronics Energy storage systems Transportation

[M vehicles]

[tonnes]

Source: Umicore estimate based on external data sources

Page 27: Umicore in the driver’s...2011 2012 2015 2020 Rechargeable Battery Materials Different scenarios indicate strong growth HEV - NiMH HEV - Li-Ion PHEV - Li-Ion EV - Li-ion Scenario

27

Energy Power Safety* Life Cost

LCO

lithium cobaltite

LiCoO2

+++ +++ - ++ +

LMO

lithium manganese oxide

LiMnO2

- +++ ++ - ++

NMC

nickel manganese cobalt

Li(Nix

Mny

Co1-x-y

)O2

++ ++ ++ +++ +++

LFP

lithium iron phosphate

LiFePO4

+ +++ +++ ++ ++

Rechargeable Battery Materials

Different cathode materials with different properties

* Impacts battery package design

Page 28: Umicore in the driver’s...2011 2012 2015 2020 Rechargeable Battery Materials Different scenarios indicate strong growth HEV - NiMH HEV - Li-Ion PHEV - Li-Ion EV - Li-ion Scenario

28

Rechargeable Battery Materials

Applications determine cathode materials used

Portable

electronics

Automotive

Energy

Storage

Systems

(ESS)

LCO

NMC

LMO

NMC

NMC

LFP

LFP

NiMH

Other (NaS, …)

201520101995 2005

Page 29: Umicore in the driver’s...2011 2012 2015 2020 Rechargeable Battery Materials Different scenarios indicate strong growth HEV - NiMH HEV - Li-Ion PHEV - Li-Ion EV - Li-ion Scenario

29

201520101995 2005

Rechargeable Battery Materials

Umicore offering technology and production synergies

Portable

electronics

Automotive

Energy

Storage

Systems

(ESS)

LMO

LCO

NMC

NMC

NMC

LFP

LFP

NiMH

Other (NaS, …)

Umicore

material &

application

Page 30: Umicore in the driver’s...2011 2012 2015 2020 Rechargeable Battery Materials Different scenarios indicate strong growth HEV - NiMH HEV - Li-Ion PHEV - Li-Ion EV - Li-ion Scenario

30

Rechargeable Battery Materials

Umicore’s global footprint

Engis

BelgiumKobe

Japan

Cheonan

Korea

Hanau

GermanyJiangmen

China

Olen

Belgium

Production plant

R&D centre

Page 31: Umicore in the driver’s...2011 2012 2015 2020 Rechargeable Battery Materials Different scenarios indicate strong growth HEV - NiMH HEV - Li-Ion PHEV - Li-Ion EV - Li-ion Scenario

31

Rechargeable Battery Materials

Li-ion battery application

is growing rapidly

Fast product turnover in portable electronics

Penetration on-going in automotive

Potential in energy storage systems

Applications drive cathode material development

Umicore has leading position in Li-ion cathodes

Broad production footprint close to customer base

Broadest product portfolio covering the materials of choice for all current and future applications

Significant synergies, on technology development and production setup

Strong track record in rapid production upscaling

Already present on more than a dozen electrified automotive platforms

Li-ion cathode production

2000

2005

2010

2011

2012

Umicore figures (estimate for 2012)

[tonnages]

Page 32: Umicore in the driver’s...2011 2012 2015 2020 Rechargeable Battery Materials Different scenarios indicate strong growth HEV - NiMH HEV - Li-Ion PHEV - Li-Ion EV - Li-ion Scenario

32

Fuel Cells

Umicore’s global footprint

Hanau

Germany

Production plant

R&D centre

Page 33: Umicore in the driver’s...2011 2012 2015 2020 Rechargeable Battery Materials Different scenarios indicate strong growth HEV - NiMH HEV - Li-Ion PHEV - Li-Ion EV - Li-ion Scenario

33

Fuel Cells

Fuel cells on the technology roadmap of most larger OEMs today, but remains long term

A fuel cell future would require a combination of catalyst and battery materials know-how, which is ideal for Umicore

Current development set-up

Umicore produces electrocatalysts

for fuel cells

Solvicore

JV (with Solvay) develops membrane electrode assemblies (MEAs), the heart of the fuel cell

Page 34: Umicore in the driver’s...2011 2012 2015 2020 Rechargeable Battery Materials Different scenarios indicate strong growth HEV - NiMH HEV - Li-Ion PHEV - Li-Ion EV - Li-ion Scenario

34

Recycling

Umicore’s global footprint (for automotive parts)

Hoboken

BelgiumMaxton

USA

Hanau

Germany

Bangkok

Thailand

Olen

Belgium

Total workforce

> 800 people

Guarulhos

Brazil

Recycling plant

R&D centre

Page 35: Umicore in the driver’s...2011 2012 2015 2020 Rechargeable Battery Materials Different scenarios indicate strong growth HEV - NiMH HEV - Li-Ion PHEV - Li-Ion EV - Li-ion Scenario

35

Recycling

Umicore is unique in its recycling capabilities

relating to the sustainable powertrain roadmap

Automotive catalysts

Batteries

Fuel cells

Other materials

Tightening legislation will enforce vehicle

recycling

End-of-Life Vehicles (ELV) Directive

Battery Directive

Materials scarcity and traceability are also becoming drivers in

the recycling landscape (eg

PGMs, REEs)

Umicore’s battery

pre-processing

line

in Hanau

Page 36: Umicore in the driver’s...2011 2012 2015 2020 Rechargeable Battery Materials Different scenarios indicate strong growth HEV - NiMH HEV - Li-Ion PHEV - Li-Ion EV - Li-ion Scenario

36

Forward-looking statements

This presentation contains forward-looking information that involves risks and uncertainties, including statements about Umicore’s plans, objectives, expectations and intentions.

Readers are cautioned that forward-looking statements include known and unknown risks and are subject to significant business, economic and competitive uncertainties and contingencies, many of which are beyond the control of Umicore.

Should one or more of these risks, uncertainties or contingencies materialize, or should any underlying assumptions prove incorrect, actual results could vary materially from those anticipated, expected, estimated or projected.

As a result, neither Umicore nor any other person assumes any responsibility for the accuracy of these forward-looking statements.

Page 37: Umicore in the driver’s...2011 2012 2015 2020 Rechargeable Battery Materials Different scenarios indicate strong growth HEV - NiMH HEV - Li-Ion PHEV - Li-Ion EV - Li-ion Scenario