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Unaccompanied Immigrant Children Resources
September 2014
Table of Contents General Resources on Working with the UAC Population ....................................................................................................................................................................... 2
Background Information on UAC Migration ........................................................................................................................................................................................ 2
Overview: Immigration Options for UACs............................................................................................................................................................................................ 3
Laws Affecting UACs............................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 5
United Nations International Principles and Guidelines ...................................................................................................................................................................... 5
Types of Relief .......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 6
SIJS........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 6
Asylum .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 8
U Visa ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 11
T Visa .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 11
Grounds of Inadmissibility and Delinquency ......................................................................................................................................................................................... 12
Immigration Consequences of Delinquency ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 12
Confidentiality .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 13
Overview of Deportation Process for Immigrant Children .................................................................................................................................................................... 13
Deportation: Overview ...................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 13
The following chart was developed to provide a list of resources for advocates working with Unaccompanied Immigrant
Children (“UAC”). This resource chart is by no means exhaustive and many of the resources are specific only to UAC representation, not immigrant children in general. This chart will be updated on an ongoing basis.
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ORR Custody ...................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 14
Access to Detention Records ............................................................................................................................................................................................................. 15
Release ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 16
Working with and Representing Children .............................................................................................................................................................................................. 16
Legal Know Your Rights for Children ...................................................................................................................................................................................................... 17
In Custody .......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 17
Released ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 17
General ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 18
Immigration Court .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 19
Resources for State Juvenile Courts ....................................................................................................................................................................................................... 20
SIJS Specific ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 20
Intersectional Areas ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 20
Child Welfare & Immigration ............................................................................................................................................................................................................. 20
Juvenile Justice & Immigration .......................................................................................................................................................................................................... 21
Education & Immigration ................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 21
Legal Referrals and Websites ................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 22
Referrals ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 22
Government Resources for Attorneys ............................................................................................................................................................................................... 22
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General Resources on Working with the UAC Population
Background Information on UAC
Migration
“Children in Danger: A Guide to the Humanitarian Challenge at the Border”
American Immigration Council, 2014
http://www.immigrationpolicy.org/special-reports/children-danger-guide-humanitarian-challenge-border
Comprehensive overview of UAC migration, causes, processes, immigration options, potential solutions, and international law concerns.
“A Treacherous Journey: Child Migrants Navigating the U.S. Immigration System”
Center for Gender Refugee Studies (CGRS), Kids in Need of
Defense (KIND), 2014
http://cgrs.uchastings.edu/sites/default/files/Treacherous%20Journey%20Executive%20Summary.pdf
A report on the influx of child migrants, the challenges, and proposed solutions.
“Children on the Run: Unaccompanied Children Leaving Central America and Mexico and the Need for International Protection”
UNHCR, 2014
http://www.unhcrwashington.org/sites/default/files/UAC_UNHCR_Children%20on%20the%20Run_Exectuive%20Summary.pdf
An investigative report on the child protection systems for migrant children from Mexico and Central America.
“The Flow of Unaccompanied Children Through the Immigration System: A Resource for Practitioners, Policy Makers, and Researchers”
Vera Institute of Justice, 2012
http://www.vera.org/sites/default/files/resources/downloads/the-flow-of-unaccompanied-children-through-the-immigration-system.pdf
Details the flow of children through the immigration detention and removal system from the point of apprehension by immigration authorities to the close of their immigration cases.
“Forced from Home: The Lost Boys and Girls of Central America”
Women’s Refugee Commission, 2012
http://www.womensrefugeecommission.org/component/content/article/2-uncategorised/2057-forced-from-home-the-lost-boys-and-girls-of-central-america-background-and-report
A report setting forth recommendations to ensure that UACs’ wishes, safety and familial and cultural needs are protected in accordance with international humanitarian law and U.S. child welfare principles. Discusses causes for the recent influx of UAC migration.
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Overview: Immigration
Options for UACs
“Representing Unaccompanied Children: Training Manual for KIND Pro Bono Attorneys”
CLINIC, 2014
https://www.supportkind.org/en/about-us/resources/manual
Overview of duty to UAC clients, immigration court practices, relief options, and immigration consequences of crimes.
“Immigration Options for Undocumented Immigrant Children” Immigrant Legal Resource Center
(ILRC), 2013
http://www.ilrc.org/resources/immigration-options-for-undocumented-immigrant-children
Overview of immigration legal options for children. Includes one page fact sheets on each form of relief.
“Practice Manual for Pro Bono Attorneys Representing Unaccompanied Immigrant Children”
Capital Area Immigrants’ Rights Coalition (CAIR Coalition), 2014
http://www.caircoalition.org/wp-content/files_mf/1391555303CAIRCoalitionPracticeManualforRepresentingUnaccompaniedImmigrantChildrenJan312014.pdf
An introduction to representation of UACs for pro bono attorneys with little to no background in immigration law. Includes comprehensive overview of immigration relief for UACs, including eligibility, burdens of proof and practice pointers.
"Webinar: Best Practices for Screening and Representing Unaccompanied Children" Immigration Advocates Network, ILRC, Legal Services for Children,
Public Counsel, 2014
http://www.immigrationadvocates.org/link.cfm?23161
Provides a general overview of working with UACs. Discusses the deportation system for children; the attorney-client relationship and ethical considerations; best practices for working with children who are traumatized and for screening for legal relief; and options for relief, with a focus on Special Immigrant Juvenile Status and asylum.
“MP3: Audio Helping Child Migrants: Learn How to Represent Children Who Need Immigration and Family Court Assistance”
Practising Law Institute (PLI), 2014
http://www.pli.edu/Content/Seminar/Helping_Child_Migrants_Learn_How_to_Represent/_/N-4kZ1z129rs?ID=227275
Briefing for pro bono attorneys representing immigrant children including forms of relief available for UACs, practice tips for representing children, and overview of federal immigration laws and their intersection with state family laws.
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“Representing Unaccompanied Children: What to Do and How to Do It”
CLINIC, 2014
https://cliniclegal.org/calendar/representing-unaccompanied-children-what-do-and-how-do-it
A four-week (September 17-October 15, 2014) introductory e-learning course designed for practitioners who will be counseling or representing unaccompanied children who are now in removal proceedings. Registration is free.
“Special Immigrant Juvenile Status and Other Immigration Options for Children and Youth”
ILRC, 2010
Printed publication that can be purchased at: http://www.ilrc.org/publications/special-immigrant-juvenile-status
A comprehensive manual that includes an in depth discussion of the legal issues affecting immigrant children including 17 chapters and extensive appendices with sample materials. Topics include:
• Working with Children and Youth • Introduction and Overview to Special
Immigrant Juvenile Status (SIJS) • Eligibility for SIJS • Eligibility for Adjustment of Status to
Permanent Residency for SIJS • Risks and Benefits of Applying for SIJS • State Juvenile Courts and Obtaining SIJS
Findings in Juvenile Courts • Affirmative SIJS Cases • Defensive SIJS Cases • U Nonimmigrant Status (“U Visa”) • Violence Against Women Act Relief • Asylum • Withholding of/Restriction on Removal and
Convention Against Torture Protection • Family-Based Immigration • Citizenship for Children and Youth • Other Immigration Options • Immigration Consequences of Juvenile
Delinquency and Crime • Detention of Children and Youth
“Update on Legal Relief Options for Unaccompanied Alien Children Following the Enactment of the William Wilberforce Trafficking Victims
http://www.ilrc.org/files/235_tvpra_practice_advisory.infonet.pdf
Describes the procedural and substantive changes to immigration legal relief for UACs following the enactment of the TVPRA.
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Protection Reauthorization Act of 2008” Deborah Lee, Manoj Govindaiah,
Angela Morrison & David Thronson, 2009
Laws Affecting UACs
The Trafficking Victims Protection Reauthorization Act of 2008 (TVPRA), Public Law 110-457, § 235, 122 Stat., 5044
http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/PLAW-110publ457/pdf/PLAW-110publ457.pdf
Legislation enacted in 2008 that governs the treatment of UACs. In recognition of the unique nature of unaccompanied children and youth, The Trafficking Victims Protection Reauthorization Act (TVPRA) provided broader legal protections and access to services to UACs.
Homeland Security Act (2002), Section 462 (6 USC § 279)
https://www.dhs.gov/xlibrary/assets/hr_5005_enr.pdf
Legislation enacted in 2002 that transferred the care of UACs from the former Immigration & Naturalization Service (INS) to the Office of Refugee Resettlement of the Department of Health and Human Services.
United Nations International Principles and
Guidelines
“Children on the Run: Unaccompanied Children Leaving Central America and Mexico and the Need for International Protection”
UNHCR, 2014
http://www.unhcrwashington.org/sites/default/files/UAC_UNHCR_Children%20on%20the%20Run_Exectuive%20Summary.pdf
An investigative report on the child protection systems for migrant children from Mexico and Central America.
“A Framework for the Protection of Children”
UNHCR, 2012
http://www.unhcr.org/50f6cf0b9.html A framework for protecting at-risk children that employs the child protection systems approach.
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“Guidelines on Determining the Best Interests of the Child”
UNHCR, 2008
http://www.unhcr.org/4566b16b2.pdf Publication that provides guidance on how to apply the “best interests of the child” principle in practice.
“Convention on the Rights of the Child”
1989
http://www.ohchr.org/en/professionalinterest/pages/crc.aspx
International Convention setting forth the rights of the child. The Convention was signed by President Clinton but has yet to be ratified by the U.S. Congress.
Types of Relief
SIJS “An Overview to Special Immigrant Juvenile Status”
ILRC, 2010
http://www.ilrc.org/resources/an-overview-to-special-immigrant-juvenile-status
An excerpt from ILRC’s Special Immigrant Juvenile Status Manual which includes:
• An overview of benefits and risks associated with SIJS;
• Eligibility; • Application procedures; • Adjudication; • Talking with a child about SIJS; and • Children in immigration custody.
“Special Immigrant Juvenile Status: Training for Pro Bono Attorneys”
Legal Services for Children (LSC), 2012
http://vimeo.com/44761770 Helpful video for practitioners new to SIJS representation.
“Special Immigrant Juvenile Status (SIJS) Training Materials”
ILRC, 2009
http://www.ilrc.org/resources/special-immigrant-juvenile-status-sijs
Provides a sample training on SIJS including: • Powerpoint presentation describing the
changes to SIJS made by TVPRA, SIJS application steps in both affirmative and defensive cases, and grounds of inadmissibility.
• A template SIJS application packet and other sample materials.
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“Guardianship of the Person: Attorney Manual”
Public Counsel, 2014
http://www.publiccounsel.org/tools/publications/files/0032.pdf
A step-by-step manual for attorneys seeking guardianship of the person. Also includes information and sample documents to request SIJS findings with the guardianship filing. Focused specifically on L.A. County, but much of the information and resources are generally applicable in the state of California.
“Useful Documents for Attorneys Representing Unaccompanied Immigrant Children: Special Immigrant Juvenile Status Manual”
National Immigrant Justice Center (NIJC), 2010
http://www.immigrantjustice.org/useful-documents-attorneys-representing-unaccompanied-immigrant-children
Compilation of resources for attorneys representing UACs. See attorney resources: • “NIJC Special Immigrant Juvenile Status (SIJS)
Training Manual” (2010) • “NIJC SIJS Training Manual Full Appendix”
“Unequal Access to Special Immigrant Juvenile Status: State Court Adjudication of One-Parent Cases”
ABA, 2014
http://apps.americanbar.org/litigation/committees/childrights/content/articles/summer2014-0714-unequal-access-special-immigrant-juvenile-status-state-court-adjudication-one-parent-cases.html
Article discussing an overview of SIJS and the split in state courts as to whether an immigrant can receive SIJS relief based on abuse, neglect, or abandonment by only one parent.
“Practice Advisory: One-Parent Special Immigrant Juvenile Status Claims”
Vera Institute of Justice, 2010
http://www.immigrationadvocates.org/nonprofit/library/item.327648-Practice_Advisory_OneParent_Special_Immigrant_Juvenile_Status_Claims
Practice advisory that examines developments to a subset of SIJS claims called “one-parent SIJS claims,” based on a nationally administered survey of advocates.*
“Practice Advisory: An Update on One-Parent Special Immigrant Juvenile Status Claims”
Vera Institute of Justice, 2013
http://www.immigrationadvocates.org/nonprofit/library/item.533703-Practice_Advisory_An_Update_on_OneParent_Special_Immigrant_Juvenile_Status
An update to the first practice advisory based on a second nationally administered survey of advocates. Shares examples of successful claims and provides sample materials.*
“Obtaining Special Immigrant Juvenile Findings in Delinquency Courts: A Toolkit for Advocates”
ILRC, 2012
http://www.immigrationadvocates.org/nonprofit/library/item.424598-Obtaining_SIJS_Findings_in_Delinquency_Courts_A_Toolkit
A practice advisory on SIJS sources of law, patterns and practices in SIJS delinquency cases, and how to obtain findings in delinquency courts. Contains appendices with samples and templates.*
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“Special Immigrant Juvenile Status: Frequently Asked Questions for State Court Judges”
Vera, January 2013
http://www.immigrationadvocates.org/nonprofit/library/item.532612-Special_Immigrant_Juvenile_Status_Frequently_Asked_Questions_for_State_Cour
Resource memo for state judges new to SIJS.
“USCIS Memorandum: Trafficking Victims Protection Reauthorization Act of 2008: Special Immigrant Juvenile Status Provisions”
USCIS, 2009
http://www.uscis.gov/sites/default/files/USCIS/Laws/Memoranda/Static_Files_Memoranda/2009/TVPRA_SIJ.pdf
USCIS memorandum that informs immigration officers working SIJS petitions about the changes made by the TVPRA including eligibility, age requirements, consent, specific consent, and expeditious adjudication.
“Settlement Agreement in Perez-Olano, et al. v. Holder, et al., Case No. CV 05-3604, in U.S. District Court for the Central District of California”
http://www.uscis.gov/sites/default/files/USCIS/Laws/Legal%20Settlement%20Notices%20and%20Agreements/Perez-Olano%20v%20Holder/Signed_Settlement_Agreement.pdf
USCIS legal settlement notice In Re Perez-Olano, et al. v. Holder, et al., 2:05-cv-03604-DDP (C.D. Cal. 2010) providing:
(1) No specific consent from DHS required for SIJS applicants to juvenile court;
(2) DHS will not reject or deny applicants who apply for SIJS before “aging out;” and
(3) In some circumstances United States Immigration and Customs Enforcement (“ICE”) will join in motions to reopen removal proceedings for juveniles who were granted SIJS status and who seek to adjust their status to that of a lawful permanent resident.
“Special Immigrant Juvenile
Status Motions to Reopen Before USCIS”
USCIS, 2011
http://www.uscis.gov/laws/legal-settlement-notices/settlement-agreement-perez-olano-et-al-v-holder-et-al-case-no-cv-05-3604-us-district-court-central-district-california
USCIS guidance on filing motions to reopen for certain SIJS applicants who were denied or revoked on or after May 13, 2005 on the basis of age, dependency status, or specific consent based on the Perez-Olano settlement agreement.
Asylum “Basic Procedural Manual for Asylum Representation Affirmatively and in Removal Proceedings”
http://immigrantjustice.org/useful-documents-attorneys-representing-asylum-seekers
Manual that includes basics of the asylum law, process, eligibility and bars to eligibility, and how to advise a client after a grant of asylum.
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NIJC, 2014 “Practice Manual for Pro Bono Attorneys Representing Unaccompanied Immigrant Children”
CAIR Coalition, 2014
http://www.caircoalition.org/wp-content/files_mf/1391555303CAIRCoalitionPracticeManualforRepresentingUnaccompaniedImmigrantChildrenJan312014.pdf
An introduction to representation of UACs for pro bono attorneys. Includes legal background and practice tips for UAC asylum claims.
“Useful Documents for Attorneys Representing Unaccompanied Immigrant Children”
NIJC, 2014
http://www.immigrantjustice.org/useful-documents-attorneys-representing-unaccompanied-immigrant-children
Contains: • “Asylum Office Basic Training Course Lesson 29
Guidelines for Children’s Asylum Claims” (2009) • “INS guidelines on children asylum claims” (1998) • “UNHCR guidelines on children’s asylum claims”
(2009) • “ICE Instruction Sheet for UAC Asylum
Applications” (2009) • “March 2009 EOIR Interim Guidance:
Implementation of the TVPRA Asylum Jurisdictional Provision”
• “USCIS Asylum Division Memo: Updated Procedures for Determination of Initial Jurisdiction over Asylum Applications Filed by Unaccompanied Alien Children, May 28, 2013”
“USCIS Asylum Division Memo: Updated Procedures for Determination of Initial Jurisdiction over Asylum Applications Filed by Unaccompanied Alien Children, May 28, 2013”
USCIS, 2013
http://www.uscis.gov/sites/default/files/USCIS/Humanitarian/Refugees%20%26%20Asylum/Asylum/Minor%20Children%20Applying%20for%20Asylum%20By%20Themselves/determ-juris-asylum-app-file-unaccompanied-alien-children.pdf
Memorandum from Ted Kim, Acting Chief, Asylum Division to all Asylum Office Staff providing updated guidance and procedures on determining jurisdiction in UAC applications for asylum. Clarifies that in cases in which CBP or ICE has already determined that the applicant is a UAC, Asylum Offices will adopt that determination and take jurisdiction over the case.
“Seeking Asylum Based on Membership in a Particular Social Group after M-E-V-G and W-G-R”
NIJC, 2014
http://www.immigrationadvocates.org/nonprofit/library/item.532607-Seeking_Asylum_Based_on_Membership_in_a_Particular_Social_Group_after_MEVG
Presentation on structuring particular social group asylum claims in the aftermath of M-E-V-G and W-G-R.
“Children’s Asylum Guidelines” CGRS
http://cgrs.uchastings.edu/search- List of guidelines for children’s asylum claims.
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materials/childrens-asylum-guidelines “Gang-Based Asylum Claims: Challenges and Strategies for Success”
CGRS, 2013
http://www.immigrationadvocates.org/nonprofit/library/item.532571-GangBased_Asylum_Claims_Challenges_and_Strategies_for_Success
Powerpoint on gang-based asylum in removal proceedings. Discusses sources of law, socio-political context, and legal strategy.*
“Central American Gangs: The Maras”
CGRS, 2013
http://www.immigrationadvocates.org/nonprofit/library/item.532572-Central_American_Gangs_The_Maras
Powerpoint on the gangs of Central America. Background information for understanding the influx of UACs migrating from Central America.*
“Domestic Violence-Based Asylum Claims: Challenges and Strategies for Success”
CGRS, 2013
http://www.immigrationadvocates.org/nonprofit/library/item.532573-Domestic_ViolenceBased_Asylum_Claims_Challenges_and_Strategies_for_Success
Domestic violence asylum powerpoint on challenges to bringing a claim, current outcomes by country, and making the case for domestic violence asylum based on social group.*
“Asylum for LGBT Youth” Immigration Equality, April 2014
http://www.immigrationadvocates.org/nonprofit/library/item.532576-Asylum_for_LGBT_Youth
Powerpoint presentation on asylum for LGBT youth: background, challenges, and how to structure a claim.*
“USCIS Now Responsible for Initial Adjudication of Asylum Applications from Unaccompanied Minors”
USCIS, 2009
http://www.immigrationadvocates.org/probono/library/item.243038-USCIS_Now_Responsible_for_Initial_Adjudication_of_Asylum_Applications_from
Memorandum by Joseph Langlois, Chief of the Asylum Division, informing USCIS employees that the agency is now responsible for initial adjudication of applications for asylum from UAC.*
“USCIS Instruction Sheet for Unaccompanied Minors in Immigration Court”
USCIS, 2009
http://www.immigrationadvocates.org/probono/library/item.247559-USCIS_Instruction_Sheet_for_Unaccompanied_Minors_in_Immigration_Court
USCIS Instruction Sheet providing unaccompanied minors in immigration court with information about how to file for asylum.*
“Minor Children Applying for Asylum By Themselves”
USCIS, 2013
http://www.uscis.gov/humanitarian/refugees-asylum/asylum/minor-children-applying-asylum-themselves
Memoranda relating to jurisdiction, procedure, and Service Center operations for UAC applying for asylum.
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U Visa (victims of crime)
“Pro Bono Attorney Manual on Immigration Relief for Crime Victims: U Visas”
NIJC, 2013
http://immigrantjustice.org/sites/immigrantjustice.org/files/U%20visa%20manual%202013%2005.pdf
Manual that provides information about and guidance on representing immigrant crime victims, including survivors of domestic violence, who qualify for the U Visa. Note: this resource is not written specifically for UAC.
“Practice Manual for Pro Bono Attorneys Representing Unaccompanied Immigrant Children”
CAIR Coalition, 2014
http://www.caircoalition.org/wp-content/files_mf/1391555303CAIRCoalitionPracticeManualforRepresentingUnaccompaniedImmigrantChildrenJan312014.pdf
An introduction to representation of UACs for pro bono attorneys. Includes legal background and practice tips for unaccompanied minor U visa claims.
T Visa (trafficking victims)
“Fact Sheet: Child Victims of Human Trafficking”
ORR, 2012
http://www.acf.hhs.gov/programs/orr/resource/fact-sheet-child-victims-of-human-trafficking
Fact sheet covering definition of human trafficking, how to report human trafficking, responsibilities of government officials, assistance for child victims, and care of UAC victims.
“Human Trafficking and the T Visa”
National Immigrant Women’s Advocacy Project, Legal
Momentum, and American University, 2012
http://niwaplibrary.wcl.american.edu/reference/additional-materials/iwp-training-powerpoints/september-20-21-2012-new-orleans-la/trafficking/11_T-visa-MANUAL-ES.pdf/view
Advisory that provides background on the Trafficking Victims Protection Act (TVPA), application guidance, and practice pointers. Note: this resource is not written specifically for UAC.
“Practice Advisory: T Visa Claims for Youth Victims of Narco-Human Trafficking”
VAIJ, 2011
http://www.immigrationadvocates.org/nonprofit/library/item.534301-Practice_Advisory_on_T_Visa_Claims_for_Youth_Victims_of_NarcoHuman_Traffick
Practice advisory that provides guidance on the identification of youth victims of narco-trafficking and strategies for seeking a T Visa on this basis.*
8 U.S.C. § 1101(a)(15)(T) http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/granule/USCODE-2011-title8/USCODE-2011-title8-chap12-subchapI-sec1101
Statutory authority for T-nonimmigrant status.
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8 C.F.R. 214.11 http://www.ecfr.gov/cgi-bin/text-idx?SID=35602298f7d5fd83b30ee268d6a76aa8&node=se8.1.214_111&rgn=div8
Regulations governing applications for T-nonimmigrant status.
Grounds of Inadmissibility and Delinquency
Immigration Consequences of
Delinquency
“Immigration Consequences of Delinquency”
ILRC, 2013
http://www.ilrc.org/files/documents/juvenile_delinquency_cheat_sheet_ilrc_1.13.pdf
Concise chart with delinquency scenarios and corresponding immigration consequences. Displays consequences under grounds of Inadmissibility (8 USC § 1182(a)) and Deportability (8 USC § 1227(a)) and waiver (if available).
“Webinar: Immigration Consequences of Delinquency”
ILRC, 2013
http://www.screencast.com/t/NzFhMzAxO
Webinar on delinquency scenarios and corresponding immigration consequences.*
“Podcast: Immigration Consequences of Delinquency”
ILRC, 2012
http://www.immigrationadvocates.org/nonprofit/library/item.306754-The_Immigration_Consequences_of_Juvenile_Delinquency_Podcast
A short recording about what a juvenile delinquency disposition is, whether there are immigration consequences to a delinquency disposition, how to obtain records of delinquency dispositions, special considerations when representing minors with delinquency dispositions and other issues.*
“Practice Advisory: Legal and Ethical Considerations in the Disclosure of Delinquent Conduct”
ILRC, 2010
http://www.immigrationadvocates.org/probono/library/item.306941-Practice_Advisory_Legal_and_Ethical_Considerations_in_the_Disclosure_of_Del
Practice advisory that analyzes the pertinent legal arguments and ethical considerations regarding admission of juvenile conduct (especially in situations where it did not result in an arrest) in immigration applications and focuses on Form I-485, adjustment of status. To further understand the legal arguments, it provides an extensive discussion on the distinctions between delinquency and crime for purposes of immigration law and analysis on how to assess whether a youth has committed an act of delinquency or a crime.*
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“Questions and Answers: Immigration Consequences of Delinquency”
ILRC, 2010
http://www.immigrationadvocates.org/probono/library/item.306943-Questions_and_Answers_Immigration_Consequences_of_Delinquency
Practice Advisory that provides answers to common questions about the immigration consequences of delinquency.*
Confidentiality “Frequently Asked Questions: Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals (DACA) and Juvenile Adjudications and Records”
ILRC and Public Counsel, 2013
http://www.ilrc.org/resources/daca-and-juvenile-delinquency-adjudications-records-faqs
A fact sheet regarding requesting DACA with juvenile adjudications and gang issues, requesting information about juvenile records, sealing and confidentiality under state laws, disclosure of juvenile conduct on DACA applications, and disclosure of affidavits and other juvenile records. Note: Much of the information in this fact sheet is helpful in applications for other forms of relief.
“Assessing the Confidentiality of Juvenile Justice Records: A Guide for Twelve States and Washington, DC”
Vera, 2013
http://www.immigrationadvocates.org/nonprofit/library/item.532610-Assessing_the_Confidentiality_of_Juvenile_Justice_Records_A_Guide_for_Twelv
A guide for advocates to obtain juvenile records for young immigrant clients and assess what to disclose and when.*
Overview of Deportation Process for Immigrant Children
Deportation: Overview
“Deportation Map of Immigrant Minors”
ILRC, 2014
http://www.ilrc.org/info-on-immigration-law/remedies-for-immigrant-children-and-youth
Visual map of what may happen to immigrant children in the immigration system including apprehension, detention, and deportation.
“Figure 2: The Flow of Unaccompanied Children Through the Immigration System”
Vera Institute of Justice, 2012
http://www.vera.org/sites/default/files/resources/downloads/the-flow-of-unaccompanied-children-through-the-immigration-system.pdf
Flowchart mapping the potential trajectories of children apprehended by immigration authorities.
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ORR Custody “Step-by-Step Guide on Apprehension and Detention of Juveniles in the United States”
WRC, 2014
http://www.womensrefugeecommission.org/images/zdocs/Step-by-Step-Guide-on-Apprehension-and-Detention-of-Juveniles-in-the-United-States.pdf
Brief overview of UAC detention process, practice, release, and what happens if a child does not have a family member or sponsor.
“Unaccompanied Children at the Southwest Border”
U.S. Department of Homeland Security, 2014
http://www.dhs.gov/unaccompanied-children-southwest-border
An infographic demonstrating the interagency protocol for processing UAC from initial UAC determination to placement with a relative or sponsor.
“Fact Sheet: U.S. Department of Human Services, Administration for Children and Families, Office of Refugee Resettlement, Unaccompanied Alien Children Program”
ORR, 2014
http://www.acf.hhs.gov/sites/default/files/orr/unaccompanied_childrens_services_fact_sheet.pdf
Explains legal basis for UAC care, role of ORR, and services provided.
“UAC Parent Hotline” ORR
http://www.acf.hhs.gov/programs/orr/resource/staff-directory
Contact list for parents attempting to locate children in custody. Since there is no way to confirm caller identity, parents must leave their information and wait for a call back from the facility where the UAC is held. UAC Parent Hotline: 800-203-7001 Telephone: (800) 203-7001 (operator) or (202) 401-5384 (voicemail box only) Email: [email protected]
“Not Just a ‘Minor’ Problem: A Resource for DCS Legal Access Project Providers on Assisting Youth Facing Transfer to Adult Detention”
Vera, 2013
http://www.immigrationadvocates.org/nonprofit/library/item.532609-Not_Just_a_Minor_Problem_A_Resource_for_DCS_Legal_Access_Project_Providers
A guide assisting advocates in cases where a youth is being transferred to adult detention.*
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“Fact Sheet: Children Detained by Department of Homeland Security in Adult Facilities”
NIJC, 2013
http://www.immigrantjustice.org/sites/immigrantjustice.org/files/NIJC%20Fact%20Sheet%20Minors%20in%20ICE%20Custody%202013%2005%2030%20FINAL.pdf
Fact sheet on data of immigrant children in DHS adult facilities.
“Flores Settlement Agreement, Case No. CV 85-4544RJK (C.D. Cal. 1996)”
http://ebookbrowsee.net/flores-v-reno-settlement-agreement-pdf-d180710652
1996 settlement agreement arising out of a class action lawsuit, Reno v. Flores, 507 U.S. 292 (1993), challenging the former INS policies governing the detention, release and treatment of minors in its custody. The Flores Settlement Agreement (“FSA”) governs the detention, release and treatment of minors in federal immigration custody for both DHS and ORR. The agreement establishes a general policy in favor of release unless detention is necessary to ensure the minor’s appearance in court or to protect his safety or the safety of others. The FSA further provides that when detention is necessary, the responsible agency must place the child in the least restrictive setting possible.
“Homeland Security Act of 2002,” Pub. Law 107–296, 116 Stat. 2135
http://www.dhs.gov/xlibrary/assets/hr_5005_enr.pdf
Legislation enacted in 2002 transferring responsibilities for the care and placement of unaccompanied alien children from the former Immigration and Naturalization Service to the Director of the Office of Refugee Resettlement.
See:
• Section 462 on UAC care
Access to Detention Records
“Requests for UAC Case File Information”
ORR, 2014
http://www.acf.hhs.gov/programs/orr/resource/requests-for-uac-case-file-information
Outline of UAC Case File Request policy and procedure. Under Appendix, see:
• Authorization for Release of Records Outside entities, attorneys, or other individuals (“requesting parties”) seeking UAC case file information must make a request to ORR under the
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policies and procedures outlined in this link. Requesting parties should not make a FOIA request for UAC case file information related to detention (a FOIA request can however still be made for access to the A-file).
Release “ORR/DCS Family Reunification Packet for Sponsors” (Engl. & Span.)
ORR, 2012
http://www.acf.hhs.gov/programs/orr/resource/unaccompanied-childrens-services
Forms used to request release of UAC from ORR custody to sponsor.
Working with and Representing Children
“Child Clients Are Different: Best Practices for Representing Unaccompanied Minors”
American Bar Association (ABA), 2007
http://www.americanbar.org/content/dam/aba/migrated/child/PublicDocuments/legalrep_10.authcheckdam.pdf
Advisory that provides representatives with interviewing techniques, policies involving representation of UACs in immigration court, and sample filing resources.
“Children in Immigration Proceedings: Concepts of Capacity and Mental Competency”
Vera Institute of Justice, 2014
http://www.immigrationadvocates.org/nonprofit/library/item.532596-Children_in_Immigration_Proceedings_Concepts_of_Capacity_and_Mental_Compete
PowerPoint presentation on concepts of capacity and mental competency as they relate to children in immigration proceedings.*
“Children in Immigration Proceedings: Child Capacities and Mental Competency in Immigration Law and Policy”
Vera Institute of Justice, 2014
http://www.immigrationadvocates.org/nonprofit/library/item.532598-Children_in_Immigration_Proceedings_Child_Capacities_and_Mental_Competency
Powerpoint presentation on concepts of child capacity and mental competency in immigration law and policy.*
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“Foundations: Working with Children”
Action for the Rights of Children, 2001
http://www.unicef.org/violencestudy/pdf/ARC_working_with_children.pdf
A resource guide to communicating with children in distress and taking cultural considerations and/or trauma into account.
“Child Welfare Court Improvement Project, Attorneys for Children Guide to Interviewing Clients”
New York State Unified Court System, 2011
http://www.courts.state.ny.us/ip/cwcip/Publications/attorneyGuide.pdf
Attorney guide to interviewing children with an emphasis on navigating trauma and developing a working relationship.
Legal Know Your Rights for Children
In Custody “Immigration and You. Know Your Rights: 2013 Manual for Children”
NIJC, 2013
http://immigrantjustice.org/sites/immigrantjustice.org/files/Immigrant%20Manual%202013%20English.pdf
Outlines UAC rights while detained. See pages 8-9.
Released “Immigration Fact Sheet for Youth Released from ORR”
LSC
English: http://www.lsc-sf.org/wp-content/uploads/2010/06/KYR-Fact-Sheet-Vera-Released1.pdf Spanish: http://www.lsc-sf.org/wp-content/uploads/2010/06/KYR-Fact-Sheet-Vera-Released-_spanish_1.pdf
Information for youth about what happens once they are released from ORR Custody.
“Released KYR” Vera Institute of Justice, 2014
English: http://www.immigrationadvocates.org/nonprofit/library/item.534293-Know_Your_Rights_Guide_for_UACs_in_Detention_English Spanish: http://www.immigrationadvocates.org/nonprofit/library/item.534299-Know_Your_Rights_Guide_for_UACs_in_Detention_Spanish
Answers to important questions for minors being released from immigration detention. Covers questions about court, finding a lawyer, pleading and forms of relief.*
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Punjabi: http://www.immigrationadvocates.org/nonprofit/library/item.534296-Know_Your_Rights_Guide_for_UACs_in_Detention_Punjabi Quiche: http://www.immigrationadvocates.org/nonprofit/library/item.534297-Know_Your_Rights_Guide_for_UACs_in_Detention_Quiche Chinese: http://www.immigrationadvocates.org/nonprofit/library/item.534298-Know_Your_Rights_Guide_for_UACs_in_Detention_Simplified_Chinese
General “Living in the United States: A Guide for Immigrant Youth” (English, Spanish, Korean)
ILRC, 2007
http://www.ilrc.org/resources/living-in-the-united-states-a-guide-for-immigrant-youth
A know your rights and responsibilities guide written for immigrant youth. Provides information on how to determine one’s immigration status, knowing basic rights, helping family members, voting, social security numbers, working, paying taxes, receiving public benefits, getting an ID or license, going to college, and banking. Available in multiple languages. Note: This resource is in the process of being updated and will be available Fall 2014.
“Fact Sheet: Are you an Undocumented Minor? Know Your Rights!”
LSC
English: http://www.lsc-sf.org/wp-content/uploads/2010/06/Immigration-Facts-English2.pdf Spanish: http://www.lsc-sf.org/wp-content/uploads/2010/06/Immigration-Facts-Spanish1.pdf Chinese: http://www.lsc-sf.org/wp-content/uploads/2010/06/Immigration-Facts-Chinese1.pdf
A know your rights (“KYR”) resource regarding immigration officials. LSC has other KYR for youth regarding police, working, health care, public school, and college. Go to: http://www.lsc-sf.org/publications-2/lsc-publications/
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Immigration Court Executive Office of Immigration
Review (EOIR) – Immigration Courts
EOIR
http://www.justice.gov/eoir/
Information about the immigration court including contacts, practice manual, and virtual law library. EOIR case information hotline: 800-898-7180. Check with local court to see when UAC dockets are scheduled.
“Fact Sheet on Unaccompanied Minors in Removal Proceedings”
EOIR, 2010
http://www.immigrationadvocates.org/probono/library/item.227757-Fact_Sheet_on_Unaccompanied_Minors_in_Removal_Proceedings
Fact sheet written by EOIR on unaccompanied minors in immigration proceedings, including discussions on legal representation, guidelines and training for immigration judges.*
“EOIR OPPM 07-01: Guidelines for Immigration Court Cases involving Unaccompanied Alien Children”
EOIR, 2007
http://www.immigrationadvocates.org/probono/library/item.324611-EOIR_OPPM_0701_Guidelines_for_Immigration_Court_Cases_involving_Unaccompani
Guidelines that provide immigration judges with procedures and policies to apply in removal cases involving unaccompanied minors. This Memorandum of Operating Procedures and Policies replaces a prior OPPM from September 16, 2004.*
“What Happens When I Go to Immigration Court?”
Women’s Refugee Commission, 2013
http://www.womensrefugeecommission.org/component/content/article/143-misc/2040-what-happens-when-i-go-to-immigration-court English: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bSGnLvhqnfk&list=PLnOfw0jhlCBqquBiU890X Spanish: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FaffUr1VU9M&list=PLnOfw0jhlCBqquBiU890X
An educational video produced to orient children who are placed in immigration proceedings and must appear in immigration court. The video uses child-centered techniques to familiarize the child with these proceedings. It also helps put the children at ease and begins to foster the trust and openness. needed for representing the child during the immigration court proceeding. Available in English, Haitian Creole, Chinese, French and Spanish.
“Using Telephonic Interpreters: Mindfulness and Mastery Training for Unaccompanied Children Program (UCP) and
http://www.immigrationadvocates.org/nonprofit/library/item.532582-Using_Telephonic_Interpreters_Mindfulness_and_Mastery
PowerPoint presentation on working with telephonic interpreters. The library contains four handouts that are referenced in the PowerPoint.*
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Legal Orientation Program (LOP)”
Vera, 2014
Resources for State Juvenile Courts “Immigration Benchbook For
Juvenile and Family Court Judges”
ILRC, 2010
http://www.ilrc.org/files/2010_sijs_benchbook.pdf
A guide for juvenile and family court judges on various immigration related issues including: SIJS, adoption, VAWA, U visas, divorce, custody, immigration consequences of delinquency, and immigration enforcement.
SIJS Specific “Special Immigrant Juvenile Status: Information for Juvenile Courts”
USCIS, 2014
http://www.uscis.gov/sites/default/files/USCIS/Green%20Card/Green%20Card%20Through%20a%20Job/Information_for_Juvenile_Courts_-FINAL.pdf
Overview of Juvenile Courts’ role in SIJS cases.
Intersectional Areas
Child Welfare & Immigration
“A Social Worker’s Toolkit for Working With Immigrant Families – Healing the Damage: Trauma and Immigrant Families in the Child Welfare System”
Migration and Child Welfare National Network, 2010
http://research.jacsw.uic.edu/icwnn/practice-toolkits/
A toolkit that provides guidelines for integrating child welfare practice with trauma-informed care and trauma-specific services.
“A Social Worker’s Toolkit for Working With Immigrant Families – A Child Welfare Flowchart”
Migration and Child Welfare National Network, 2009
http://research.jacsw.uic.edu/icwnn/practice-toolkits/
Flowchart that illustrates how and when immigration issues may arise during a child welfare case.
“A Social Worker’s Toolkit for Working With Immigrant Families – Immigration Status and Relief Options”
Migration and Child Welfare
http://research.jacsw.uic.edu/icwnn/practice-toolkits/
A toolkit that provides a basic overview of the U.S. immigration system as it impacts children and families in the child welfare system.
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National Network, 2009
Juvenile Justice & Immigration
“Noncitizen Youth in the Juvenile Justice System: A Practice Guide to Juvenile Detention Reform”
Annie E. Casey Foundation, ILRC, 2014
http://www.aecf.org/resources/noncitizen-youth-in-the-juvenile-justice-system/
Guide to working with immigrant youth in the juvenile justice system.
Education & Immigration
“Immigration and Schools: Supporting Success for Undocumented and Unaccompanied Homeless Youth”
KIND and National Association for Education of Homeless Children and Youth, 2010
http://www.naehcy.org/sites/default/files/images/dl/immig.pdf
A guide for young people, immigration attorneys, advocates and educators describing the federal laws that provide means for youth to attend school and address their immigration status. See: • Page 5, Access to school • Page 12, How educators can help • Page 13, How immigration advocates and
attorneys can help “Schools' Toolkit”
BRYCS, 2009 http://www.brycs.org/publications/schools-toolkit.cfm
A toolkit developed for school personnel and teachers to support and assist schools with large numbers of refugee students. See: • Tool 1: The Birthdates of Refugee Children and the
Impact on Grade Placement • Tool 2: Schools and Refugee-Serving Agencies:
How to Start or Strengthen Collaboration • Tool 3: Refugee Child Welfare: Guidance for
Schools • Tool 4: Refugee and Immigrant Youth and Bullying:
Frequently Asked Questions • Tool 5: Federal Requirements to Provide
Interpretation/Translation in the Schools
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The Immigrant Legal Resource Center, founded in 1979 and based in San Francisco, California is a national resource center
that provides training, technical assistance, and publications on immigration law.
www.ilrc.org ∗ IAN requires that users either currently represent a low-income immigrant on a pro bono basis or be willing to within six months of access to this site. User name and password required to access IAN resources.
“Bridging Refugee Youth and Children's Services: Webinars”
BRYCS , 2010
http://www.brycs.org/webinars.cfm List of webinars on child welfare and refugee children. See: • Promoting Equity and Excellence for All:
Welcoming and Teaching Newcomer Children in U.S. Schools
• Language Access and Schools: Federal Requirements and School Experiences
Legal Referrals and Websites
Referrals “Pro Bono Referral Resource Guide”
Vera, 2011
http://www.vera.org/sites/default/files/resources/downloads/ducs-legal-access-project-pro-bono-referral-resource-guide.pdf Note: this is resource is out of date and is included as a starting point.
Government Resources for
Attorneys
Unaccompanied Children’s Services
ORR
http://www.acf.hhs.gov/programs/orr/resource/unaccompanied-childrens-services
United States Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS)
www.uscis.gov
Executive Office of Immigration Review (EOIR)(immigration court)
http://www.justice.gov/eoir/
