UNCCD

Large monitoring Programs

Dr. Fred Stolle 1

Conclusion

• Characteristics of Good monitoring system

• It is not the data (satellite) but what you do with it– Access and usability (client oriented)– Data information action

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Long Term Monitoring

• United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) – Forest Resources Assessment (FRA)

• Since 1948

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FRA

Long term data- National verified- Many different data collected

- Draw back• National data –national definition – national

collection system Comparability ?• 5-years repeat cycle Action ?

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Satellite observations

• Forest is remote• Forest is fast

• Expensive and time consuming to monitor from the ground

• Satellites large overview, quick , cheap (ish)(not all characteristics that can be observed form the ground can be monitored from satellite)

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Brazil

• PRODES satellite monitoring for legal amazon since 1988

• Uses landsat and CBERs 20-30 m range

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India

• National Remote Sensing Agency (NRSA) of the Department of Space started using satellite data in 1983 in cooperation with Forest Survey of India (FSI) to do a forest assessment

• First report on the forest cover of India was published by the FSI in 1987 through State of Forest Report (SFR)

• FSI has been mandated to monitor the forest cover of the country on a two year cycle since then

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Photo: REUTERS / Nacho Doce

Forest data challenges

Not reliable

Not up-to-date

Dispersed

Expensive

Very technical

Not interactive

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Visualize

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Tree-Cover Change (Total 2000-2012: 1.1 million ha)

2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 20120

50,000

100,000

150,000

200,000

250,000

300,000

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Provinces Annual Change

2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 20140

2,0004,0006,000

BÂNTÉAY_MÉANCHEY

2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 20140

20,00040,00060,000

BATDÂMBÂNG

2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 20140

5,00010,00015,000

KÂMPÓNG_CHAM

2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 20140

2,0004,0006,0008,000

10,000

KÂMPÓNG_SPŒ

2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 20140

500

1,000

1,500

KÂMPÓNG_CHHNANG

200020022004200620082010201220140

10,00020,00030,00040,000

KÂMPÓNG_THUM

2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 20140

2,000

4,000

6,000

KÂMPÔT

2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 20140

200

400

600

KÂNDAL

2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 20140

5,00010,00015,000

KAÔH_KONG

2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 20140

20,00040,00060,000

KRÂCHÉH

200020022004200620082010201220140

5,000

10,000

KRONG_PAILIN

2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 20140

2,000

4,000

KRONG_PREAH_SIHANOUK

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However

• No clear client – good for planners ?

• Can not observe forest (every country defines forest in their own way)

• Good in detecting loss not gain

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Corporate Commitments

November 2011

December 2013

Jan-Feb 2014

March-April 2014

May-Sept. 2014

Climate and Land Use Alliance, Cascade of Corporate Commitments to Zero-Deforestation Palm Oil (Sept., 2014) 24

Photo: CIFOR 25

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However

• Does have clear client

• Can not get the detail companies need

• Good in detecting loss not gain

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Collect Earth high-res imagery in Google Earth

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However

• Does have clear purpose

• Can get the detail investors need

• Good in detecting loss AND gain

• Not automatic

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Future possibilities

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SPOT

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Sentinel• Sentinel-1 (1A&1B) C-band interferometric radar mission is an all-weather,

day-and-night radar imaging

• Sentinel-2 (2A&2B) is a high-resolution optical imaging mission for land services

• Sentinel-3 (3A&3B) is for a global ocean and land monitoring mission which includes an altimetry instrument package. It provides data from the visible to thermal infrared at medium (e.g. 250 m) to low (e.g. 1000 m) spatial resolution for ocean colour, sea surface temperature and global land mapping.

• The ESA Ministerial Council in 2011 will decide on the two other Sentinel missions:– Sentinel-4 - a GEO atmosphere monitoring based on Meteosat Third

Generation, – Sentinel-5 - a LEO atmosphere monitoring based on post-EUMETSAT Polar

System32

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RapidEye

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RapidEye

• One of the new satellite that can do monitoring

• 5 m resolution

• Can cover large areas35

Digital Globe

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Planet labs

In January 2014, we delivered Flock 1, the world’s largest constellation of Earth-imaging satellites, made up of 28 Doves. Together with subsequent launches, we have launched 71 Doves, toward imaging the entire Earth, every day.

• In January 2014, delivered Flock 1, the world’s largest constellation of Earth-imaging satellites, made up of 28 Doves. Together with subsequent launches, have launched 71 Doves, toward imaging the entire Earth, every day.

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Skybox video -google

• SKybox Imaging was founded on the premise that an ability to better understand these phenomena could fundamentally change the way humanity makes decisions on a daily basis

• “Earth Observation 2.0, where satellites are simply sensors and the magic is in harnessing scalable computing and unbounded analytics to find answers to the world’s most important geospatial problems regardless of data source.

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Drones

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Drone

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Urthecast• Strips of imagery 40km wide• UrtheCast’s 5-metre resolution camera will capture any

location that the ISS passes over, generating large strips of 40km-wide imagery, 365 days a year.

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Conclusion• Few long term monitoring programs each with its pros and cons

• Soon Very high resolution. Great for high value mapping but Not systematic and expensive

• Access and usability– What are the needs– To be useful combine biophysical with social

• Mapping: ad hoc or systematic vs Monitoring: systematic

• Dynamic vs static, spatial vs tables

• Data information action44

Monitoring needs to make a quick and radical transformation to be useful and used by real world actors

– Monitoring what the “client” needs which is often more then just biophysical.

– Monitoring should be cost efficient (compare cost to benefits)

– Monitoring in right detail and temporal frequency

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1

Is this a forest ?