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UNCLASSIFIED
AD NUMBER:
CLASSIFICATION CHANGES
TO:
FROM:
LIMITATION CHANGES
TO:
FROM:
AUTHORITY
THIS PAGE IS UNCLASSIFIED
ADA953343
UnclassifiedConfidential
Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.
Distribution authorized to U.S. Defense agencies only; Test and Evaluation; 19 Aug 1942. Other requests shall be referred to the Army Watertown Arsenal, Materials Tech Lab, Watertown, MA 02172.
C to U: 30 Nov 1965, DoDD 5200.10, gp-4. E/4 to A/1: 27 Jun 1984, per document marking.
UNCLASSIFIED
AD NUMBER:
CLASSIFICATION CHANGES
TO:
FROM:
AUTHORITY
THIS PAGE IS UNCLASSIFIED
ADA953343
Confidential
Restricted (Aug 1942)
5 Nov 1953, E.O. 10501
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DISTRIBUTION OF REPORTS
REPOR T NO. __ ~_J/_-,_✓...,_,/_l_f'_ DATE DIST RIBCTED _____ _ 61 NO. OF COP I ES __ I.__ __ _
Author
Lab. File
Main Office File
Chief of Ordn ance
Springfield Armory
Watervliet Arsenal
J
I • i I' ···1· c.r ' S.v.•· r. c. - J, : i,., ,c ,,.
·o r,. ):,1 '\,rv' ",/
.- ~I,~ I I:? r \ J '/' ••~ fl ... ..,_,.~ '•,~,1, (I ... ,~..:,,(~~ l!it '\,,.,.,
Rock Is I and Arsen a I
Frankford Arsenal
-1
Picatinny Arsenal
Aberdeen Proving Ground
Extra Copies ---~·"1 ~
Other establishments requesting work.
- \
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:--_,_ _________ _ ______________ _
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SAH / mlc VNCLASStEt_ED
Report No. 642/18 Wat ertown Ar senal
Aug11st 19, 1942
ARC WELDI NG OF ARMOR
Welded Y Plate of Two-Inch Thick
Rolled Homogeneous Armor
OBJECT
To make a complete metallurgical examination of a 211 thick Y
plate submitted by the Lincoln Electric Company and tested ballisti-
cally at Aberdeen Proving Ground.
REFEEENCES
Letter File 00 470.5/7015, .APG 470.5/2089 APG 470.5/2089-1, WA 470.5/3972
This basic corre spondence is included in Appendix A.
:Balli stic results will be found in Aberd.een Proving Ground firing
record P2261, Al877 dated 11/21/41.
CONCLUSIONS
1. The plate passed ballistic test, but the joint was
not entirely satisfactory as a large crack developed in the weld
metal under ballistic shock.
2. The following defects were found which would materially
lower the resistance to shock: (1) incomplete penetration of weld
DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT l'.i -1 Approved for public relea.sej
Distribution Unlimited
UNCLASSlEIED ' ', I I II' -,-:-- , ·- --
1 ti I' ( I I iilhl,hH1·11,l;.nu.,~rw,~11·lil.l~llililiil! l..l'!Wihltl!.ill!iea1 ,p.,jl I! 111 1,1 .. 111-11u1,11u 141,J,l!H•,1--L ..... ,, .... _,,,,
I I -~-·----·· ... ·~· ... ,-··---~1 .. ,1.,_,, ... ,_,_, _:1',,,_. t
•·-~· ,._,,._,_.,, ...... ... ~.,uu•1,u•1, 1 "!11'111.r ..i,,,.i.~,I-L!-l.1./- 1
~' . \
·I ~
metal between armor p lat e and l ow carbon steel stri:p u13ed at
root of ,jo int; (2) small crater cra cks, slag inclusions, and
areas of carbide precipftation in vicinity of same steel strip.
APPROVED:
--·-·· H. Zornig Colonel, Ordnance Dept. Director of Laboratory
~ l ~V
-2-
I
W. L. Warner Welding Engineer
1 ••• 1 ... .... r
INTRODUCTION AND TEST PROCE.DUBE
A weld.ea. Y plate 36 11 x 36 11 x 2 11 of homogeneous armor rolled
by Carnegie Illinois Steel Corporation was received for physical
and metallurgical examination. The joint was de si gned, welded,
e,nd submitted to Aberd.een Proving Ground for ballistic test by
the Lincoln Electric Company as part of the progrnm for the
development of arc welding of armor.
The joint forming the weld was 45° double V. A l ow carbon
steel strip wa.s tack weld.ad in the root f or clo sure and a modified
18/8 stainles s electrode (Lincoln Armorweld) was used in welding
the joint.
Specimens for physical and metallurgical examination were
taken as indicated in Figure 1 and the accompa.nying ta.ble. The
area from which specimens were taken wa s not affected by the
ballistic test as far as could be determined by visual examination.
DATA AND DISCUSSION
1. Visual Inspection
Figures 1 and 2 are photographs of front and rear of
pla.te. Cracks opened up by ballistic shock are shown.
2. Nondestructive and Inspection Test~
Radiographic examination of the weld before balli stic
test disclosed a lack of penetration of weld metal, between the
a.rmor :ple,te and low carbon steel strip used at root of joint, and
crater cracks in the weld metal •
. .... .!.-. ' I
.~
...
-~-----· -·- --
I ~
3. Chemical Analysis
Re sults cf chemical analysis were a s follows:
C Mn Si p s Ni Cr Cu V
1.f!dd Metal 0. 14 3,75 0-34 0.007 0.0lli 8.45 15.59 o.o~ Trace
Armor Plate 0.30 0.25 0.025 0.025 3.11 1.25
l~. Macro examination
A cross section of the weld, as prepared for macro-
exarnination, is sho~m in Figure 3. Incomplete p enetration of
the weld metal and small weld metal cracks are evident.
5. Hardness Surve~•
Result s of Vickers Brinell hardness survey taken acro ©t:
section prepared for ma.croexarnination are shown in Figure 4.
Repre sentative hardness readings were as follows:
Front
Rear
Base Metal
302
307
6. Tensile Tests
Heat-affected Zone
514
421
Weld Metal
278
21.io
A standard .505 11 diameter tensile bar was taken longi-
tudinally in the weld metal and two (2) flat tensile bars were
ta.~en across the joint. Figure 5 is a sketch of flat tensile
bars. Results of tests were as fol.lows:
-4-
Mo
Uil
~1 w11-• 0 -~· •-··-•-"·- .. -·-·•·-· ..... -.. ·~· ............. ,. i
:-------------------------------- -···--·
FIGURE 1
Front v:tew of Y ,ioint in 2 11 rolled
homogeneous armor plate after ballistic test.
Specimens were maxked out for the following
purposes:
·•-••·••·...,•- ....... , •• , .. -.~ .._ ...... -1-uu .. -...-1-1,t1,.,,111i.a,till1..:Jtirld4 fr.
lA for tension test of welded joint
lE II II II II II II
10 11 macro, micro, and hardness survey
lD II tension test of weld metal
lE II chemical analysis of weld metal -+·
I,
1
r j
l j
J
I
' Pt
,. .... _ w_..,_..., ..... ._.., ........ ,i,,,~IUoJ• I# f
.,,
WATERTO'fN ARSENAL
211 ROLLED HOMOGENEOUS ARMOR 3611
Of LINCOLN ARMORWELO. FEBRUARY 18 1942 fRONT
FIGURE 1
X 3611 • 11 Y11 JOINT FLAME CUT EDGES
W.A.710-1749
-----------••~•0-"'~IUI Ill .:1111,,,,.,.,J·'
: I , I
,c I - , , ••"'" ,u,...,. •,. • ~ .l
FIGURE 2
Rear v·iew of Y jo:i.nt in 2 11 rolled
homogeneous armor plate after ballistic
test.
,1
' •., 111'~1\1.U ti 1
I .,.
·.v
\
WATERTOWN ARSENAL
2 11 ROLLED HOMOGENEOUS ARMOR 36" X 3611 • 11 Y" JO I NT OF LINCOLN WELD ARMOR. F'LAME CUT EDGES FEBRUARY 18 1042 BACK W.A.710-1750
FIGURE 2
,,I
I
I
1,:
FIGURE 3
Cross section of weld as prepared
for macroexamination. Area of incomplete
weld metal penetra.tion and criwks are
indicated. by arrows.
~ ., ••·•-•~•-• "• I"• ,_, .•• ~, • •·• I, -.t -••"'" ••••~ •••"""-•" ~,._.,,, __ .,.,_ _ .. .,,_.,,,_.Uwl
! j i ; § .
t _..,
,_ ~ ii I I ~ i ~ ~ ; i l i f § i .!! i -i {- --
----
-
,----;
:,,.
WAT
ERTO
WN
ARSE
NAL
CR
OSS
S
EC
TIO
N
OF
211
11
Y11
R
OL
LE
D
HO
MO
GEN
EOU
S A
RMO
R PL
AT
E
WEL
DED
W
ITH
~
MO
DIF
IED
1
s/s
E
LE
CT
RO
DE
. N
OTE
M
ILD
S
TE
EL
S
TR
IF·
AT
TH
E
RO
OT
OF
JOIN
i.
3-2
5-4
2 W
.A.7
1C
~l7
94
FIG
UR
E
3
~~
FIGURE t~
Vickers Brinell hardness survey as
taken on same weld. cross section prepared
for macroexamination.
... , ...... ---... , __ ,._._,.~,., ·""'" ""11'•·1 ,i..;1111·111 1,11 111 ... 1~.1 ill
I I
. l
J IIJ . z
-re IQ ,A!(
J. I
I i
·I
-1. I
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i I 1·1 · I
i I
I I
I ' 1·· I I
' J. .. •--- ·-- -I
.. T --r· ,-·q-··-· ; FR NT OF lh TE I : I _f:
! i I I
i I I .J
-I -f· I i I I ' I I i ···I· l 1---
_,. .. . ! .. !
I
I I
I I
. -I I ..•. 1. . ·-i- · · 1
PL.A £. i I ,
4.1 I
1-! ~ --· ··i _C ___ ·- · - - -··· P ~ 1·0J:1t- .'._+ -+-i-+---+--lf-.!;p~~~+-~::....i._.::,,j>,=,o::=-12=t'.-+=-+---J-+--1--- +-+-1
\ LJ -· r -- .. -j r· -~ ' '20..1--• i-~-+--+-+---+---t--t--t--t--1~+--+---t-t--~-+--+-+---+---+--t-• l-+-- --1
i ~ ·- ·--t.. . ) · ·- ···- --·- ··· · - · --· ·-· - - - ·---1--- I I i I I
HARDIIESS SURVEY Of WE LD CROSS -seer I C•N , "Y" \/ELD I N 2 " HOMOGENEOUS ARMOH H . ,\ . b J9-,1JUt)
f t GURE 4
- ·--- -- - - . ------.
'1, tjll! .!1·1.,i.,..1,Ul». ...... .._,11 .. ,1,l ;, _,,.u,.,, ... , 11, .. ,,,1
FIGURE 5
Type of tensile test specimen
taken. acrosa weld joint.
,,.!.1 .......... .,j.... 1.,1 ! '• !l /!,,, ti !! 't:"U•·::~.L~.:.. ·I j:•!1 .... . /.,,!.'.: ;,.,,,. •• u,, t 1,11, ! I h1 I! ,!//hi I ! !
J "\, .
Iii Iii I I 1; Iii ,1111111 ,II , I \I 11.ill!hil,1 hllil 11,1'
I 1
l ' I 11-----+----+----+----+-- - -+-- --I--- --t-----t--'--l---~ -t-----l------1---,---l- -- - - - --~- - -· -- ·
, 1{ '
I - ~ - --,r~--i----+--+-....._-+.....,,-+-r+--+--+---+-+--+--+--+----1-.....---+----+---1----1--,--+---+- -~ I
~ : I I
,l\ j I i .. .I I
~ I ·--1----+--t---+---+--+---+-+--+--+----+- _..__-+-_--+--+--l---+--l---''------+--'--+-- --+---"--~ -
i
I -1 .
i
7 -- -·-
I I
I
I I -i -
~ I · 1--·-- -- ---· ··--·-- --·-- -- ·· ·- ··--···· ·--·-· i----
1 I I
- - - - L- . • · 1----- ---:
I I
i j ; j
l-- -·-·-·-- ·-··· --- ---·-··----- ---·-.... -· -· ______ , -----·--------- -- ------- ---l __ J_ i l I
.J
~ i ; 7 _·_-_-+:~·\_·· +--+-------_--,__-_- -1-__ -_·-+·------+-------·+-----_·-+r -~1L~ ... --·_- _-- __ --_-·_- __ ... -_ .. __________ -+-_______ -1_1-___ .-~-- ~------I- -- --+-----~----,A--•--·-+··~--- ----1------.c;'.::ll- ,i...·-_-- _-·-+--·-+1--l-~--1-~--
\ / IL, --~ -
-r " \..I
--··-+-- -- -·---··- ·----- --·--·-- ·--·-·-· -- -- -··•·-· ··-·-·- - -·-·· -·-· - -
I I I' ......
l .
A.
and mild
B.
and armor
1 :11.i, -1 .,. '"I
:E'IGURE 6
18/8 weld metal I
Boundary of 'I steel strip. 'I•
I
Boundary of 18/8 weld. metal ' :I, J!f1
plate. !I
11/1 j I!'!
. \
x.100 £TCH: J/J7o CHROMIC. .1 o/, N IT'4L
~Oi"•C HROMIC.
\
i ETCH: ,11, NITAL
W.A.639-4391 ,.
~~6 I
------..................... ~ .. · ·- ·- .... ., .. .. - .... ,. . ...... ,_,..,,, ........ .... - .,., ........ ..... ..... ~,-..... _ .,,~.-··· - ··~-••"·-·-·--· .. •-"m""•l"Hl
FIGURE 7
Areas where weld metal failed to
penetrate between mild steel strip and
armor plate.
1,i!;
lr
Yield Strength Ten si l e Strength Elongation Location pAi(0.1% ext.) usi % (1 11 gage ) Remarks
Across joint 1 A
Acr oss joint 1 E
Longitudinally in weld metal
76,900
69,200
70,000
7. Micr oexamination
84,500 20
70,200 17
94,700 33
Break occurred in weld meta l at cen-ter of joint.
Break occurred in weld metal & showed slag inclusions at edge of steel strip . Break occurred in middle third of speci-men & showed a large slag inclusion.
Figures 6, 7, and 8 are photomicrographs of the weld
section. Figure 6 shows bounclaries of weld metal and low carbon
steel strip and of weld metal and armor plate. Figure 7 shows
area where weld metal did not penetrate between armor plate and
low carbon steel strip. Figure 8 shows a crater crack and an
area of weld. metal near the steel strip in which carbides have
precipitated. The weld defects of Figures 7 and 8 are regarded.
as deleterious to the resistance to ballistic shock of thi s type
,joint.
-5-
' 'I
I I L'. ...
I, ., ,, . . ~ f '
r~: ".
X100 A.
X100
8. Fie. 7
.. ... T"'' '"'"""~'"' 111U11111111:;>111 111111111:11 1111111u111i !ll1m,111 11 u,pu, .. 11, l!IJlll'llll!lllt ·11nu16l1 111111 ir111 11.1ip~1 !H~!iJ-='ll~11~11!1111illil:ll!lm1111111111l!1.i I
E.TCH: 107, CHROMIC ANP 1 7. NiTAL
ere H: 107. CHRowi,c 17• NITAL
·..i.11..639-4392
.~ ' ',
• .. •, • • ,.,_.,, .,.,.,,. ,,,1, lh,-..lUU\J.UI I j iJ
FIGURE 8
A. Crater crack in weld metal.
B. Area of carbide precipitation in
weld. metal at bo,mdary of mild. steel strip
and weld metal.
I fl 1,
:,
X100
Xl,fOO
ETCH~ .107. CHROMIC .1.,,.. N ITAL
ETCH! 107,, C.HROMIC. .1i7o ·N1TAL
W .A .639-4393 [
:----.. M•-1:1~~-••o.,,, .. .,,.11,j 11ott111, .. m 111~11w1111,-•111, tlUl'l•Hl"'!•ll!l1------------,.-• .. u-111,lllClll"IJ,..-,U••···· ..... --··--- ----·---·-~•-·"'J i'·'
I ,·
• I, 1.,.,. "'"
APPENDIX A
Basic Correspondence
'' I I , ;,; .... ,,_,..,. 111.i111t....tul,,1111:1111111111w1"1•• • ~•·'-- ,,_.,, '' "" ,1,.l,
COPY - ml c
Bro oker / mllg
o.o . 11.70 ,,5/7015
WAR DEPARTMENT
OF]'I CE OF THE CHI EJ!, 01!"' ORDNANCE
WASHDWTON At t enti on of I nd . Serv-- Tank Di v.
AFG 470 .5/ 2039 December 15, 1941
Subj ect: 2 11 Thick Y Plate Welded by the Lincoln El e ctric Company - F. R. P2261 Al877 da ted November 21, 1941
To: Commandi ng General Aberdeen Proving Ground M.."1.I'yla...'ld
l. It is re~iested that the plate u sed for the sul)j ect shock test be sent to Watertown Arsenal for metallurgical examination.
2. A separate letter will be sent to the Arsenal reque s ting this work.
By order of the Chief of Ordnance:
s/t JOHN L. ATKINS Major, Ordnance Dept. Assistant
00 470.5/7015 APG 470.5/2089 1st. Ind. Lt. Elli s/rn
Commanding General, Aberdeen Proving Gr01.md, Md. December 20, 19ln. To: Com..manding General, Watertown Arsenal, Watertown, Massachusetts.
1. As requested in paragraph one basic letter, subject plate has been sent to your arsenal,
II I
For the Commanding General:
',' I 't· I •1·•· •• ,. ...... 1~~~
I 'I' I I . ,111 :-. 1 '·, I' ,I I Ii I I . I 11 I II I I 11111 11111 •1111 I I I 11 1,: '!,.'I ' I I ' ' 11• ii'' II 1111 I· ' 1'[ I I I I : I i)} . I 1' I : 1,1:, • : 1· • •• ·: • ' l'J I I I . 111 I I 11 ' 1111 1111 I 11 I 4 I I I I , 111 I I I
COPY - mlc
COPY - 6/23/42 - a.hlc
WAR DEPARTMENT
ABF.,RDEEN PROVING GROUND
MARYLAND
A.P.G. 47005/2089-1 W.A. 47005/3972
Lt . Elli s/ rn
January 3, 1942.
Subject: Re 211 Y Welded Plate Submitted by Lincoln Electric Co .
To: The Commanding General Watertown Arsenal Watertown, Massachusetts.
1. It is requested t 'ha t sub5ect plate be examined metallurgically by your arsenal upon arrival.
2. l3allistic results will be found on Aberdeen Proving Ground firing record P2261, Al877 dated 11/21/41.
For the Commanding General:
(s/t)
I [
G. G-. Eddy, Lt. Col., Ord. Dept.,
Assistant
' \
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