UNCLASSIFIED

AD NUMBERAD043040

CLASSIFICATION CHANGES

TO: unclassified

FROM: confidential

LIMITATION CHANGES

TO:

Approved for public release, distributionunlimited

FROM:

Distribution authorized to DoD only;Administrative/Operational Use; APR 1954.Other requests shall be referred to ArcticTest Branch, Army Field Offices, Seattle,WA.

AUTHORITY30 Apr 1966, DoDD 5200.10; USAATC ltr, 23Nov 1979

THIS PAGE IS UNCLASSIFIED

Sarmed Services Technical Information AgencyBecause of our limited supply, you are requested to return this copy WHEN IT HAS SERVEDYOUR PURPOSE so that it may be made available to other requesters. Your cooperationwill be appreciated.

NOTICE: WHEN GOVERNMENT OR OTHER DRAWINGS, SPECIFICATIONS OR OTHER DATAARE USED FOR ANY PURPOSE OTHER THAN IN CONNECTION WITH A DEFINITELY RELATEDGOVERNMENT PROCUREMENT OPERATION, THE U. S. GOVERNMENT THEREBY INCURSNO RESPONSIBILITY, NOR ANY OBLIGATION WHATSOEVER; AND THE FACT THAT THEGOVERNMENT MAY HAVE FORMULATED, FURNISHED, OR IN ANY WAY SUPPLIED THESAID DRAWINGS, SPECIFICATIONS, OR OTHER DATA IS NOT TO BE REGARDED BYIMPLICATION OR OTHERWISE AS IN ANY MANNER LICENSING THE HOLDER OR ANY OTHERPERSON OR CORPORATION, OR CONVEYING ANY RIGHTS OR PERMISSION TO MANUFACTURE,USE OR SELL ANY PATENTED INVENTION THAT MAY IN ANY WAY BE RELATED THERETO.

Reproduced 6yDOCUMENT SERVICE CENTER

KNOTT BUILDING, DAYTON, 2, OHIO

---"Now

NOTICE: THIS DOCUMENT CONTAINS INFORMATION AFFECTING THE

NATIONAL DEFENSE OF THE UNITED STATES WITHIN THE MEANING

OF THE ESPIONAGE LAWS, TITLE 18, U.S.C., SECTIONS 793 and 794.

THE TRANSMISSION OR THE REVELATION OF ITS CONTENTS IN

ANY MANNER TO AN UNAUTHORIZED PERSON IS PROHIBITED BY LAW.

CONFIDENTIALOFFICE, CHIEF OF ARMY FIELD FORCES

Fort Monroe, Virginia

" XTDEV- I I 471/88(C)(13 Oct 54) 13 October 1954

C-AUBJECT: Army Field Forces Report of Board Nr 3, OCAFF, ProjectWl Nr 2601 (Arctic), Grenade, Hand, Fragmentation, M26 (DA

A' Proj Nr 5-04-11-004)

I-4O: Assistant Chief of Staff, G3j C/1) Department of the Army

SJ Z Washington 25, DCATTN: Org, RD Br, O&T Div

1. Inclosed is a copy of letter, ATBC 471.6 (P-2601)(Ar.tic),Board Nr 3, OCAFF, Z4 September 1954, subject: "Report of ProjectNr 2601 (Arctic), Grenade, Hand, Fragmentation, M26 (DA Proj Nr5-04-11-004)," with Report of Army Field Forces Arctic Test Branch,30 April 1954, subject: "Grenade, Hand, Fragmentation, M26."

2. This Office concurs in the conclusions contained in paragraph5 of the Board Nr 3, OCAFF, letter and approves the recommendationscontained in paragraph 6 thereof.

3. It is recommended that the production type Grenade, Hand,Fragmentation, M26, be considered suitable for use by Army FieldForces under Arctic winter conditions.

4. Field manuals and other pertinent publications will be modifiedby this Office to include instructions that Grenade, Hand, Fragmentation,M26, is ineffective under snow.

FOR THE CHIEF OF ARMY FIELD FORCES:

1 Incl C. CAS(Over) Major, AGC

Asat Adjutant General

CN 148940

A 6z F246CONvF'AE ~tL Am'wOCFF-9391

CONFIDENTIA L

SIndcLtr, ATBC 471.6 (P-Z601)(Arctic), , OCT

Bd Nr 3, OCAFF, 24 Sep 54, subj:

"Rept of Proj Nr 2601 (Arctic),Grenade, Hand, Frag, M26 (DA / ''*,

"Proj Nr 5-04-11-004)," w/incl 9,

Copies furnished: i..,,CG, US Army. Alaska DI Ap

CG, Third Army (w/o incl)

ComdtUS Marine CorpsThe Infantry SchoolThe Artillery School

Pres, Bds Nr 1; 2; 3(w/o incl); 4 and 5, OCAFF

DirMarine Corps Development Center

ASTIAAFF LNO, APG. MdCO, ATB. OCAFF (w/o incl)

I({ CONFIDENTIA L

K--.

CONFIDENTIALBOARD NUMBER 3

Office, Chief of Army Field ForcesFort Benning, Georgia

ATBC 471.6 (P-2601)(Arctic)

SUBJECT: Report of Project Nr 2601 (Arctic), Grenade, Hand,Fragmentation, M26 (DA Project Nr-5-04-l1-004)

TO: Chief of Army Field ForcesFort Monroe, VirginiaATTN: ATDEV-1I

1. Reference is made to:

a. Report of Project Nr 2481, AFF E(: :;r 3, 21 Jul 52, MilitaryCharacteristics for Fragmentation Hand Grenade.

b. Tentative Report of Project Nr 2588, Dd Nr 3, OCAFF, 12 Feb54, Check Test of M26 Fragmentation Hand Grenade.

2. Herewith Arctic Test Brencir Report of Project Nr 2601 (Arctic),Arctic Test of Grenade, Hmnd, Fra5ientation, 1126, 30 April 1954.

3. An expedited service test (less the arctic phase) of the T38Elfragmentation hand grenade was completed in February 1952 by Board Nr 3.The grenade was then classified as the standard fragmentation hand grenade,M26 by OCM Item 34232. Production models were delivered to ATB for thearctic service tests of the grenade.

4. This Board concurs in the conclusions and recommendations of theATB report (Incl 1) which are restated below.

5. It is concluded that the production type Grenade, Hand, Fragmen-tation, M26 is suitable for Army Field Forces use under arctic winter con-ditions, but is ineffective when detonated under snow.

6. It is recommended that:

a. The production type Grenade, Hand, Fragmentation, M26 beconsiiered suitable for use by Army Field Forces under arctic winter condi-tiozn

OCT 20 1954 146940

5 4 A I Cý1JIPDNWIAL..Jo 23;17FE

--- OE

CONFIDENTIALATBC 471.6 (P-2601)(Arctic) L4 'uL '5'SUBJECT: Report of Project Nr 2601 (Arctic.), Grenade, Hand-

Fragmentation, M26 (DA Project 1r-5-04-1l-004)

b. Field Manunls and other pertinent publications include in-structions that Grenade, Hand, Fragmentation, M26, is ineffective undersnow,

7. This report was coordinated .iith The Infantry School, Board Nr2, OCAFF, The Artillery School, The Armored School, and the USMC Develop-rment Center. All arencies concurred or had no comment.

1 Incl CHARLES S. D'ORSARpt of Test P-2601 (Arctic), Colonel, Infantry30 Apr 54 President

D ISTRIBUT IONo1-2 r OCAFF, ATTN: ATDEV-3-

29 CO, Arctic Test Branch, OCAFF30 Board File31 Retirement File32 Library File

H * CONFIDENTIAL

* 'CONFIL) I itL

4d d 4 a 14. .4D

9 .,* ; 0 1.

M a.0 a4g

"A 01 -4 AtREPORT.0gaS434001~b dOa

c~f ttA01ARM FIL FOCE MECLJe

PR J.~ O. 5. > r.

V3T' 30 Aprk 0 4U

706

ARCTI TES10AN

ARCTIC TEST BRANCHARMY FIELD FORCES (AAU 8576)

APO 733, c/o PostmasterSeattle, Washington

.EPOR OF TEST - P•HO•CT NR 261 (AR.CIC)SGMADE, HAND. FRAWHeNTATION. La

1. ALTOIT Y

a.* D t Ltr, ATBC 471.6 (P-2601), Board Nr 3, OCAFF,28 Oct 53, subject: "TentAtive Plan of Test of Project 2601, ArcticTest of M26 Hand, Fragmentation Grenade, (DA Project 504•-i-OO4)."

b. P : To determine the suitability of the productiontype M26 Hand Fragmentation Grenade for Army Field Forces use under arc-tic winter conditions.

2. REEC

a. .FF Board Nr 3, Report of Project Nr 24S1, 1ilitary Charac-teristics for Fragmentation Hand Grenade, 21 July 52.

b. Board Nr 3, OCAFF, Tentative Report of Project Nr 2588,

Check Test of M26 Fragmentation Hand Grenade, 12 Feb 54.

3. DES-CRIMfON OF MATEREL:

a. Tegt I i The production Grenade, Hand Fragmentation,M26, hereafter referred to as the test grenade is a thin steel, ellip-soidal container loaded with approximately 7,5 ounces of conposition Band wrapped with internal coils of &093-inoh square steel wire. It weighs15.85 ounces and is assembled with the 20/4A1 Fuze. It produces small,needle-like fragments. (Appendix B-1)

b. CnS Ia The Grenade, Hand, Fragmentation X II,hereafter referred to as the control grenade, is a Substitute Standarditem. The body is made of serrated oat iron 1/8 to 1/4 inch thickand produces various size fragments wAen detonated. the grenade weighs22.40 ounces. (Appendix B-1)

6" 0 -/V 7-T 19018

148940

~--"Wo

O A/ g'l CC "-rI 7V ,

a. In May 1946, the War Department Equipment Board establisheda requirement for an improved fragmentation hand grenade with selectivecombination time-impact fuze. It further required that this grenade beusable for both offensive and defelsive combat Wd adaptable for use asa rifle grenade.

b. In 1948, AFF Bd Nr 3 recommended development of an interimgrenade. Development of an interim grenade was initiated in January 1949,and resulted in the test item. This grenade employs a time burnn.ng fuzeonly.

5. SJM=ARY OF TESTS:

a. Exposure to arctic winter conditions for a period of 14days resulted in no apparent advers0 effect on 2he test or control g:enade.The test grenade produced approximatoily 2 to 4 -rimes as many penetratingfragments as did the control grenade. (Test Nr 1, Appendix A)

b. Sixty feet was the radius of the ]ethal area of the testgrenade, and seventy feet for the atntrol grenade. (Test Nr 2, Appendix A)

c. The average maxim ztunge of the -est grenade when rifle-projected was 138 yards. The average maxmim range of the controlgrenade was 123 yards. When usi* the M7 booster cartridge, the averagemaximum range of the test -enad# was 165 yards and of the control gre-nade 144 yards. (Test Nr 3, Appcndix A)

d. One test and two control grenades of 20 each fired duringconduct of test were unstable in flight. (Test Nr 4, Appendix A)

e. Throwers wearing arctic handgear had difficulty pullingthe pin of the grenade. Slightly greater hand throwing ranges wereattained with the test grenae than with the control grenade. (TestNr 5, Appendix A)

f. Five inches of snow reduced the fragmentation effect ofthe grenades, in some instances, 100% at 10 feet. (Test Nr 6, Appendix A)

g. Of 40 each test and control grenades fired during conductof tests, no malfunctiobt occurred with the test grenade. Two controlgrenades failed to detumate. (Test Nr 7, Appendix A)

h. The average fuze time was 5.04 seconds for the test grenadeand 4.94 seconds for the control grenade. (Teat Nr 8, Appendix A)

2

k~c Fr, / ' --•1ON"

04

6. CONOSI• s The production type Grenade, Hand, Fragmentation,F26, is suitable for Army Field Forces use under arctic winter conditions,but is ineffective when detonated under snow.

7. 330OOMEATION•s

a. The production type Grenade, Hand, Fragmentation, M26, beconsidered suitable for use by Army Field Forces under arctic winterconditions.

b. Field Manuals and other pertinent publications includeinstructions that Grenade, Hand, Fragmentation, X26, is ineffective undersnow.

APPENDICES: JAS G. TLMRDfJGColonel, Artillery

A - Details of Test CommandingB - Pho)tographsC .- ý- -- ination

DISTrI.UtION :

2 -. oT--rd Nr 3, OCAFFa- ), LS.RAL

1 - British Joint Services Mission (Army Staff)1 - Canadian Army Staff1 - Unitod Kingdom Army Liaison StaffI - Chief, Naval Operations (OP-o3D3)1 - AFF Liaison Officer, Aberdeen Proving Ground1 - File

3

I"N/',

G /V)C-/ or_ A/7 / L

ARCTIC TEST BRANCHARMY FIELD FORCES (AA.U 8576)

APO 733, 0/o Postmaster"Seattle,, WhLSbinton

APPIEDIX A - -ZETAILW 0 TESRMPOT• OF TEST - PROJECT NR 2601 (URCTIC)

Test: CX

1. PUROSE: To determine the effect of exposure to arctic weather

on the test and control item.

2. JEJO s

a. Ten each test and control grenades in their service pack-ing, and ten each ready for immediate use, were exposed to the elementsfor a two-week period that included a snowfall of 4 to 6 inches andtemperatures as low as -25oF.

b. At the completion of the exposure period, an inspectionof the grenades and containers was m.ade to determine any da-iage or irre-gularities ;

c. Five of each type grenade conditioned as in par 2a, werestatically detonated at ground level and at the common center of twoopposing semicircular six-foot-high panels. One semicircle had a 15-footradius and consisted of one-inch pine boards. The other had a 60-footradius and consisted of frames for "A" targets and interspersed pinepanels three feet wide.

d. Grenades were detonated with the long axis parallel to the

ground and the fuze oriented on various axes.

e. The number of penetrations and perforations above and belowthe three-foot level were counted and recorded.

f. Only fragments passing completely throigh the panels wererecorded as perforations.

A.1

IVPr/ocIV7-/F L-

g. Fuze burning time was recorded.

3. RESLT t

a. There was no apparent damage or irregularities to eithertype grenade or the containers as a result of outside storage.

b. The average fragmentation effect of five test and controlgrenade3 conditioned as in par 2a, when detonated at temperatures from-15OF to -3OOF, was:

TEST GROlADE

4 E , FO,,RATIONS

15 -aius 60' Radius 15' Radius 60'RisAbove Below Above Below Above Below Abo -

In ServicePalking 706 1229 89.2 75.2 49.6 71 .4 0

ImmediateUse 886,4 1387 100.5 72 57.8 81.2 .4 .2

CONTROL GRMAD

HO: EM ETRATIONS PERFORITIONS

6o' Radius 1' RadiusAbove Below Above Below Above Below Abcr.ý Be Lo

In ServicePacking 319 621 91 55 12 17 .6 .4

ImmediateUse 350 659 62 42 12 29 .6 .2

c. The above table shows that the test grenade produced approxi-mately twice as many penetrating fragments at 15? and approximately4 times as many perforating fragments as did the control grenade.

d. The average fuze burning time for the test and controlgrenades were:

A.2

& OA/A/c'/ Lg/rAi

0L OV�/Ve:"r/VQZ/ A?Exnosd in S frvice ekj g Eresed Raady for limnd4ate Use

5.1 see 4.9 sec 5.1 sec 5.0 sec

1. FM i To determine the comparative lethal area for the

test and control grenades.

2. W

a. This test was conducted concurrently with Test Nr 1,

b. The irregularly spaced one-inch pine panels on the sixty-TOotradius semicircle were checked for perforations.

c. Additional panels were placed at greater distances and werechecked for perforations.

3. IFJ

a. A total of 5 perforations with the test grenade and 9 per-forations with the control grenade were obtained on the pine panels ata range of sixty feet.

b. The test grenade produced more casualty-producing fragmentsthan the control grenade at ranges of 15 and 60 feet.

c. No perforations were obtained at a range of seventy feetwith the test grenade. I perforations were obtained with the controlgrenade.

1. fPUM : To determine tVe comparative mdminm range attainablewith the test and control grenade when weapon-projected.

"2. z

a. Ten each test and control grenades were projected from anK rifle mounted in a machine rest. The M7A3 grenade launcher and MA2grenade projection adapter were used. Firing was conducted using the

A.3

rifle grenade cartridge, Cal, 30, , and repeated using the boostercartridge MT. Grenades were fired prior to actual test to determinean elevation to produce near ground bursts.

b. Maxidm, average, and inimu ranges with each type grenade

in each phase were recorded.

c. Time in flight was recorded.

do Difficulties encountered while placing the grenade inthe adapter were noted.

3. =S

a. Appraximate ranges in yards attained: (temperatures were-300 to -350F)

TETGRND M0TM~L GRIMIj.LZ

460 Elevation 360 Elevation 46.80 Elevation 40.60 Ec1-,-Aton-- ~ Bos"_w w/o- Booster w/W Ca•. _

Max Range 146 180 130 162

Min Range 127 146 116 104

Av Range 138.3 165 123 144

b. The average time in flight was 5.1 seconds for the testgrenade and 4.92 seconds for the control grenade. One of each typegrenade failed to detonate because of a malfunction in the projectionadapter.

c. No difficulties were encountered in placing the grenadein the adapters.

1. PURPOSE: To determine the comparative trajectory and stabilityin flight of the grenades.

2. MM: During the conduct of Test Nr 3, the comparative tra-

Jectory and stability of the test and control grenades in flight wereobserved.

A.4

0 /VF- ID £NT/A /4

A/0 / V7 ,, Lii3. R

a. The trajectories of the test and control grenades weresimilar.

b. One test and two control grenades of 20 each fired, wereunstab] e in flight.

1. F - To determine the cmparative adaptability for hand-throwing of the test and control grenades.

2. WTMD:

a. Five men of different physical make-up prepared and tVL-rwfive practice test and control grenades from the standing and pronepositions while attired in various uniforms of typical arctic clothingand handgear.

b, Difficulties encountered in preparing the grenades, theranges attdined, and the accuracy were recorded.

c. Additional precautions appropriate for throwing with arctichandear were noted.

3.

a. The thrower had difficulty pulling the safety pin whilewearing arctic handgear.

b. Average throwing distances, in yards, measured from thethrowing line to the position of the thrown grenades were:

Field Jacket H1951 Prone 20 19w/Liner Inserts M1948 Standing 40 33Field Jacket M1951 Mittens M1949 Prone 19 17w/Liner w/Sneerts Mg94 Standing 35 32

A.5

C", t-.) Al eD, 4C ^4 7- A9CD / ,• ID /• 7 / ,=1 I

.OA/" DCV7"/ £Wield Jacket 10951 Inserts M948

w/Liner; Parka Prone 18 18M1951 w/Liner Standing 36 31

Field Jacket M1951 Mittensw/Liner; Parka w/inserts Prone 17 16M1951 w/Liner Mg948 Standing 31 31

c. Arctic clothing and handgear had no great effect on thethrowers accuracy, but did reduce ranges attained,

d. Because manual dexterity of the thrower was reduced byarctic handgear, extreme caution was necessary to prevent accidentalrelease of the safety lever while removing the safety pin.

Is e & r 6)

1. fPOSPl : To determine the effect of various types of snow

on the functioning of the test and control items.

2. MEI

a. Five each test and control grenades were statically detonatedat various depths in fresh-fallen and wind-blown crusted snow. Inertgrenades were thrown prior to the test to determine the depth of snowand thickness of crust that the grenades would penetrate.

b. The grenades were detonated at the center of a target areaof 6 concentric circles, 7* feet apart, each consisting of 12 targetsto represent prone and kneeling figures. The radius of the inner circlewas 10 feet. Fragmentation data was recorded.

3. MSM

a. rragmentation, effect ir fresh fallen snow: (temperature-l0OF)

NUiR.ZEkI OF _=TS

Pr! Type D.pth in lst* .nd 3rd 4tb 5th 6thNr GreMj 9nX Cr~eCrleCrl Circle Cicl CjceZ"

1 Test On Top 62 24 3 3 4 0 96Control On Top 6 11 3 3 0 0 23

S~~~0 N /VoAT/

F?•

2 Test 2 inches 18 13 3 1 0 0 35Control 2 inches 2 7 1 0 0 0 10

3 Test 3 inches 1 5 0 0 1 1 8Control 3 inches 2 4 2 0 0 0 8

4 Test 3• inches 4 6 13 0 0 0 29Control 4 inches 2 0 1 0 0 0 3

5 Test 5 inches 2 6 2 1 0 0 11Control 5 inches 1 5 0 0 0 0 6

b. FrapMentation effect in wind-blown crusted snow at a tem-

perature of -10OF:

NU1'EM OF JITS

Rd T.7)e Depth in lst* 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th.§.-n.• no Circle Circle Circle Circle =cp Circle L~Tin...

1 2.-t On Top 133 55 30 5 7 1 23-LC,.o.-'Izc 1 On Top 30 17 3 5 1 0 56

2 T t inch 86 32 29 6 12 1 166CýIntrol I inch 15 15 9 2 5 0 46

3 11.-t 14- inches 0 0 0 0 0 0 0C-)'trol 1 inches 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

4 Test 3 inches 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Ccntrol 3 inches 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

5 Test 5 inches 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Control 5 inches 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

* Prone type silhouettes. All other circles consisted of kneelingty-,e silhouettes.

1. P__PO : To determine the comparative reliability of the testand control items.

2. MEHl: During the conduct of all tests, malfunctions and unusualoccurrences were noted.

A.?

0 V/ 7 4

3. B : Of the 40 test and oontrol grenades fired duringconduct of tests, two control grenades failed to detonate. There wereno malfunctions with the test grenade.

1. 1 = To determine the effect of winter arctic conditionson the fuzes of the test and control items.

2. MSTIID: The fuze burning time of the grenades was checked witha stop watch whenever possible throughout the conduct of all tests.

3. RESULTS: The fuze burning time averaged 5.04 seconds for thetest grenade and 4.94 seconds for tVe control grenade.

A.8

0

CONFIDENTIAL

4! -

ARMY FIELD FORCES ARCTIC TEST BRANCH B3IG DELTA, ALASKA

PAGE NR PROJECT NR DATE NEGATIVE NR

B-I 2601 (ARCTIC) 54-3-112254-3-1124

TOP. GRENADE, HAND, FRAGMENTATION, M26, AND CONTAINERBOTTOM: GRENADE, HAND, FRAGMENTATION, MK 11 AND CONTAINER

B-I

CONFIDENTIAL

SOA•/I /L I/7-/,, LI

LRCTIC TEST BRANCHARMY FIELD FORCES (AAU 8576)

APO 733, c/o PostmasterSeat tie, Washington

APPENDIX C - COORDINATIONREPORT UF TEST - PROJECT NR 2601 (ARCTIc)

1. The following agencies have been furnished copies of this report:

a. Comnanding General, U. S. Army, Alaska

b. British Joint Services Mission (Army Staff)

c. Canadian Army Staff

d. United Kingdom Army Liaison Staff

e. Chief, Naval Operations (OP-03D3)

f. AFF Liaison Officer, Aberdeen Proving Ground.

2. Comments from the Commanding General, USARAL, will be forwardedwhen rcctived.

CC.1

A A/J- , -1