Upload
others
View
1
Download
0
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
Guides For Homeowners
Uncovered Decks and Porches
DID YOU KNOW? As “owner-builder” you are the
responsi-ble party of record on such apermit. If your work is being performedby a con-tractor, you may protectyourself from possible liability if thecontractor applies for the permit in hisor her name.
If you plan to do your own work, with theexception of various trades that you planto subcontract, the subcontractors mustapply for trade permits..
If you plan to do your own work, includingall of the tradework, then you may applyfor the permit.
Frequent practices of unlicensed contrac-tors is to secure “owner-builder” buildingand trades permits, erroneously implyingthat the property owner is providing his orher own labor and material personally.
It would benefit you to hire a licensedcontractor
Tips on hiring contractors
♦ Hire only licensed contractors.
♦ Get at least 3 bids.
♦ Get 3 references, and ask to see a project.
♦ Get it in writing, but before you sign the contract, make sure you completely undestand.
♦ Do not make final payment until you have received a Certificate of Occupancy
Why Do I need a Permit? There are many important reasons to obtain building permits and to have
inspec-tions performed for your construction project.
Protects property valuesYour home is typically your largest investment. If your construction project does not comply with the building codes, your investment could lose value. If others in your neighborhood make unsafe or substandard changes to their homes, it could lower the resale values for the entire community.
Homeowners insurance policies may not pay for damages caused by work done without permits and inspections.
Listing associations require owners to disclose any home improvements or repairs and whether permits were obtained. Many financial institutions will not finance a purchase without proof of a final inspection. If you decide to sell a home or building that has had modifications without a permit, you may be required to tear down the addition, leave it unoccupied or do costly repairs.
Improves safety
Your permit allows the building department to inspect for potential hazards and unsafe construction. By ensuring your project meets the minimum building code standards of safety, the building department can reduce the risk of fire, structural collapse and other issues that might result in costly repairs, injuries and even death. Inspections complement the contractor’s experience and act as a system of checks and balances that can result in a safer project.
Makes Selling Property Easier
Saves Money
A site plan is a detailed drawing of your property, also known as a survey of your land. These are usually drawn by a land surveyor. The site plan will show the dimensions of your project and its relationship to existing setbacks, easements, utilities, other structures on the property, and distance to your property lines. If your project will require moving any utilities (gas, water, sewer/septic, electric, etc.), show where those meters will be relocated.
What is REQUIRED for a Permit? Provide copies of the SITE PLAN
Notes:
1. Structures must meet zoning requirements and maynot be permitted to be built over setback lines, ease-ments, or property lines
2. A survey from a registered land surveyor will be re-quired if your project is located in a protected area
3. An as-built survey is required if the structure is pro-posed within 12” of a required minimum setback
4.
5. If you are on a septic tank, you will be required to haveapproval from the county health department prior toissuance of a permit
6. If you do not know the location of your utilities, contactthe Utility Notification Center. Remember to ask themabout the cost of this service
Site Plan
Sample site plan Not to Scale
40’
50’
25’ 25’
Proposed Deck
Existing Pool
Existing Structure Driveway
20
40
UNCOVERED DECKS & PORCHES
2. All lumber in contact with the ground shall be rated as“ground contact”
3. All screws or nails shall be hot dipped galvanized orstainless steel, and nails shall be ring shanked orannular grooved
4. All hardware shall be galvanized with a G-185 coatingor shall be stainless steel
5. Stairways shall be not less than 36” in width
6. Conditions which do not meet these details below willrequire a plans drawn from a CO licensed architect orEngineer
What is REQUIRED for a Permit? Provide copies of a DECK PLAN (cross- sectional
Showing:
• footing dimensions• column dimensions• attachment details• Spans of joists, beams & decking
NOTES:
1. Unless noted otherwise, all lumber shall be southernpine, grade #2 or better and shall be pressure treatedACQ or CA-B
CONSTRUCTION DETAILS
This design document applies to single-span, single-level residential decks only. Decks must be constructed in conformance with the details contained herein. A copy of this deck detail must be on the job site and available to the inspector during each required inspection.
PRESCRIPIVE DECK REQUIREMENTS BASED ON THE 2012 IRC
CONTENTS
guard
joists
postjoist-to-beamconnection
rim joist
footing
guard postattachment
beam
ledger boardattachment toexisting house
existing housefloor construction
ledger boardfasteners
decking
post-to-beamconnection
General Requirements ...................................... 3 Decking .......................................................... 3 Joists .............................................................. 4 Beams ............................................................ 5 Deck Plan ........................................................ 6 Joist-to-Beam Connection.................................. 7 Joist Hangers ................................................... 7 Posts .............................................................. 7 Footings .......................................................... 8 Ledger Attachments ......................................... 9
Prohibited Ledger Attachments ........................ 11 Ledger Board Fasteners .................................. 11 Framing at Chimney or Bay Window ................. 12 Lateral Support .............................................. 12 Free-Standing Decks ...................................... 14 Guards .......................................................... 14 Guard Post Attachments .................................. 15 Stair ............................................................. 16 Safety Glazing ............................................... 22
GENERAL REQUIREMENTS
1. Lumber shall be naturally durable wood or shall be southern pine, grade #2 or better that is pressure-preservative-treated in accordance with AWPA U1 for the species, product, preservative and end use.Field cut ends, notches and drilled holes of preservative treated wood shall be treated in the field inaccordance with AWPA M4. Preservative- treated lumber in contact with the ground shall be rated as“ground-contact.” Please note: not all treated lumber is rated for ground contact.
2. Wood-plastic composites are composed of bound wood and plastic fibers creating material that can beused as decking and guard elements as permitted herein. Permissible wood-plastic composites mustbear a label indicating its performance criteria and compliance with ASTM D 7032.
3. Nails shall be ring-shanked or annular grooved.
4. Screws and nails shall be hot-dipped galvanized, stainless steel or approved for use with pressuretreated lumber.
5. Hardware, e.g., joist hangers, cast-in-place post anchors, mechanical fasteners, shall be galvanizedwith 1.85 oz/sf of zinc (G-185 coating) or shall be stainless steel. Use products such as “Zmax” fromSimpson Strong-Tie or “Triple Zinc” and “Gold Coat” from USP.
6. Electrical receptacles for decks shall comply with the currently approved edition of the NationalElectrical Code.
7. Lighting for decks and exterior stairs shall comply with IRC 303.7 Stairway Illumination.
8. Decks constructed in accordance with these details are not approved for privacy screens, planters,built-in seating or hot tub installations.
DECKING
Approved Material Wood and wood-plastic composite decking shall be installed in accordance with the requirements below.
• Dimensions shall be 2x6 or 5/4 ("five-quarter") for wood and per manufacturer forwood-plastic composites.
• Wood decking may be placed at an angle of45 to 90 degrees to the joists.
• Attach wood decking in accordance withFIGURE 1.
• Placement and attachment of wood-plasticcomposites shall be per manufacturer'sinstructions.
(2)8d nails or (2)#8screws at each joist
18" t
ypical gap
wood 2x6 or 5/4("five quarter")board
FIGURE 1: TYPICAL DECKING• Wood-plastic composite label and manufacturer's instructions must be left on the jobsite for
inspector verification.
Plastic Decking Plastic or PVC decking, not considered a wood-plastic composite, may be substituted only when the product has a valid evaluation report from an accredited listing agency and is capable of resisting a live load of 40 PSF. Installation shall be in conformance to the evaluation report and the manufacturer's installation instructions which must be available to the inspector.
JOISTS
Joists shall be designed in accordance with the requirements below. • Joist span is measured between the centerline of bearing at each end of the joist and does not
include the overhangs.• See FIGURE 2 through FIGURE 4 for joist span types.• Use TABLE 1 to determine your joist size based on span length and spacing.• The maximum overhang is equal to one-fourth of the length of the joist span (0.25 x joist span).• Attach rim joist to end of joists as shown in FIGURE 2 and FIGURE 4.
post
joist hanger
optional overhang existing house wall
ledger board
rim joist
joistbeam
joist spanoverhang1
attached rimjoist to endsof each joistwith (3) #10x 3" woodscrews or (3)10d nails
FIGURE 2: JOIST SPAN WITH OVERHANG - DECK ATTACHED AT HOUSE
beam joist hanger
existing house wall
joist
joist hanger
postbeyond
ledgerboard
joist span
FIGURE 3: JOIST SPAN - JOISTS ATTACHED TO SIDE OF BEAM
postpost
rim joist
joistbeam beam
joist spanoptional optionaloverhang1 overhang1
existinghousewall
2x blocking between joists; attachwith (3) 10d toe nails each side
attach rim joistto ends of eachjoist with (3)#10 x 3" woodscrews or (3)10d nails
FIGURE 4: JOIST SPAN - FREE-STANDING DECK2
1 The maximum length of the overhang is equal to one-fourth of the joist span length (0.25 x joist span).2 For more information on Free-Standing Decks, see Sheet 14.
TABLE 1: MAXIMUM JOIST SPAN LENGTH1
Joists without Overhangs Joist Spacing 12" 16" 24" Joist Size
2x8 13'-8" 12'-5" 10'-2"
2x10 17'-5" 15'-10" 13'-1"
2x12 18'-0" 18'-0" 15'-5"
Joists with Overhangs Joist Spacing 12" 16" 24" Joist Size
2x8 10'-6" 10'-6" 10'-2"
2x10 15'-2" 15'-2" 13'-1"
2x12 18'-0" 18'-0" 15'-5" 1 Spans are based on 40 PSF live load, 10 PSF dead load, southern pine #2, normal loading duration, wet service conditions
and deflections of Δ=ℓ/360 for main span and ℓ/180 for overhang.
BEAMS
Beams shall be designed and assembled in accordance with the requirements below. • As shown in FIGURE 5, beam span is measured between the centerlines of two adjacent posts.• Beam size is determined using TABLE 2.• Beams may overhang each end up to one-fourth of the beam span (0.25 x beam span) as shown in
FIGURE 5.• Using the members identified in TABLE 2, beams shall be assembled in accordance with FIGURE 6.• Beam splices shall be located over interior post locations only.
joists above
post, typical
beam beam splices at interiorpost locations only
beam span beam spanoptionaloverhang1
optionaloverhang1
FIGURE 5: BEAM SPAN TYPES 1 The maximum length of the overhang is equal to one-fourth of the beam span length (0.25 x beam span).
TABLE 2: MAXIMUM BEAM SPAN LENGTH1
Beam Size (2)2x6 (2)2x8 (2)2x10 (2)2x12 (3)2x6 (3)2x8 (3)2x10 (3)2x12 Joist Span
≤ 6' 7'-1" 9'-2" 11'-10" 13'-11" 8'-7" 11'-4" 14'-5" 17'-5"
> 6' - 8' 6'-2" 7'-11" 10'-3" 12'-0" 7'-8" 9'-11" 12'-10" 15'-1"
> 8' - 10' 5'-6" 7'-1" 9'-2" 10'-9" 6'-11" 8'-11" 11'-6" 13'-6"
> 10' - 12' 5'-0" 6'-6" 8'-5" 9'-10" 6'-3" 8'-1" 10'-6" 12'-4"
> 12' - 14' 4'-8" 6'-0" 7'-9" 9'-1" 5'-10" 7'-6" 9'-9" 11'-5"
> 14' - 16' 4'-4" 5'-7" 7'-3" 8'-6" 5'-5" 7'-0" 9'-1" 10'-8"
> 16' - 18' 4'-1" 5'-3" 6'-10" 8'-0" 5'-2" 6'-7" 8'-7" 10'-1" 1 Spans are based on 40 PSF live load, 10 PSF dead load, southern pine #2, normal loading duration, wet service conditions
and deflections of Δ=ℓ/360 for main span and ℓ/180 for overhang with a 230 lb. point load.
16"
10d common nail or#10 wood screw,staggered in 2 rows
If a beam is constructed with 3-plies, attach eachoutside member to the inside as shown herein
2 common nails or screws at eachend and at splice ends
typicalfastenerspacing
Note: splices are permitted in multi-span beams over interior post locations only.
FIGURE 6: BEAM ASSEMBLY DETAIL
DECK PLAN
Length to Width Ratio For decks attached to the existing house only, the ratio of the overall deck length, L, to the overall deck width, W, must be no more than 2 to 1 as shown in FIGURE 7. This requirement can also be verified by ensuring L ÷ W ≤ 2.
Complete Your Deck
A framing plan shows a bird's-eye view of the joist and beam layout; the location of the ledger board, diagonal bracing, posts and footings, and the type, size and spacing of the ledger board fasteners. Use the sample typical deck framing plan shown in FIGURE 7 below and the requirements herein to complete your deck.
6x6post
2x______ rim joist
2x______ ledger boardwith bolts, screws,anchors @ ______" oncenter
2x______ joistsat 12", 16" or 24"on center
____________
______" round or square footing
over
hang
(2)
or (
3) 2
x___
___
beam
joist hanger
beam span = ______
jois
t spa
n =
___
___
W = ______
LW = ______ < 2
____
__
overhangoverhang
FIGURE 7: TYPICAL DECK FRAMING PLAN
JOIST-TO-BEAM CONNECTION
Each joist shall be attached to the beam as shown in FIGURE 8. Use Option 1 or Option 2 when joists bear on or overhang past the beam as shown in FIGURE 2 and FIGURE 4. Use Option 3 when joists attach to the side of the beam as shown in FIGURE 3; however, the joist depth must be less than or equal in depth to the beam depth. See Joist Hangers below for information on hanger requirements. Mechanical fasteners or hurricane clips used in Option 2 shall have a minimum capacity of 100 lbs. in both uplift and lateral load directions. See manufacturer's instructions for minimum installation requirements.
beam
(3) 8d toe nailed (2 on one side, 1 on the other)
mechanical fastener or hurricane clip
OPTION 1*
joist hanger
top of beam and joist must be at same elevation
OPTION 2 OPTION 3
*Option 1 is prohibited on free-standing decks
FIGURE 8: JOIST-TO-BEAM DETAIL
JOIST HANGERS
Joist hangers, as shown in FIGURE 9, shall have a minimum capacity of 600 lbs. for 2x8s, 700 lbs. for 2x10s and 800 lbs. for 2x12s. The joist hanger shall be designed and manufactured for the number of plies it is carrying.
Use joist hangers with inside flanges when clearances to the edge of the beam or ledger board dictate.
Do not use clip angles or brackets to support framing members. Do not bend hanger flanges to accommodate field conditions.
joist hanger with inside flanges
FIGURE 9: TYPICAL JOIST HANGERS
POSTSDeck posts shall be 6x6 with a maximum height of 14'-0" measured from the top of the footing to the underside of the beam. The beam shall be attached to the post by one of the methods shown in FIGURE 11. The attachment condition shown in FIGURE 10 is prohibited.
The post cap shown in FIGURE 11, Option 2 shall be specifically designed for two- or three-ply beams and 6x6 posts with a minimum downward allowable load capacity of 5,000 lbs. Attachment shall be per manufacturer's instructions. Post caps shall be galvanized per the requirements noted on Sheet 3. 4x4 & 4x6 posts can be used if tributary loading values are calculated by a design professional.
Cut ends of posts shall be field treated with a wood preservative containing copper naphthenate in accordance with AWPA M4. Such products can be found in the paint department of most hardware or home center stores.
FIGURE 10: PROHIBITED POST-TO-BEAM ATTACHMENT
beam must bearon 6x6 notch
2-ply beamsonly
(2) 12" diameterthrough-boltswith washers
notch post toprovide beamwith flush andtight bearing
6x6 post
OPTION 1 OPTION 2
post cap; attachment,fasteners per manu-facturer's instructions
3-ply beams mustuse post capoption
6x6 post
FIGURE 11: POST-TO-BEAM CONNECTION OPTIONS
FOOTINGS
Footings shall be constructed in accordance with the requirements below. • Concrete shall be air-entrained and have a minimum compressive strength of 3,000 PSI.• Footing size and thickness shall be in accordance with TABLE 3.• See FIGURE 12 for post attachment options and requirements.• Post anchors shall be galvanized per the requirements noted on Sheet 3.• Footings shall bear on solid ground; bearing conditions must be verified by county inspectors prior
to placement of concrete.• Bottom of footing should be at least 12 inches below grade.• Deck footings closer than 5'-0" to an existing exterior house wall must bear at the same
elevation as the existing house footings.• Do not construct footings over utility lines or service pipe. Call 811 before you dig.
TABLE 3: FOOTING SIZE
Beam Span Joist Span Size of Square
Size of Round
Minimum Thickness1
≤ 10' 15" 17" 6" ≤ 8' >10' - 14' 18" 20" 8"
>14' - 18' 21" 23" 9" ≤ 10' 19" 21" 8"
> 8' - 12' >10' - 14' 22" 24" 10" >14' - 18' 26" 28" 11"
>12' - 17' ≤ 10' 23" 25" 10" >10' - 14' 28" 30" 12"
1 The cast-in-place post base may require a footing thickness greater than the value in the tableabove. In such cases, the manufacturer's specified minimum footing thickness shall govern.
FIGURE 12: TYPICAL FOOTING OPTIONS
LEDGER ATTACHMENTS
Ledger boards shall be attached to the existing house in accordance with the requirements below. • The depth of a ledger board shall be greater than or equal to the depth of the joists.• The attachment shall be in accordance with FIGURE 14.• The band board of the existing structure shall be capable of supporting the new deck. If this
cannot be verified or conditions at the existing house differ from the details herein, then a free-standing deck is required. See Free-Standing Decks on Sheet 14.
• Compliance with all the requirements herein is critical to ensure the safety and structuralstability of your deck.
Siding and Flashing Flashing shall be installed in accordance with the requirements below.
• The exterior finish, i.e., house siding, must be removed prior to the installation of theledger board.
• Continuous flashing with a drip edge, as shown in FIGURE 14, is required at the ledger board whenconnected to a wood band board.
• Flashing shall be composed of copper (attached using copper nails only), stainless steel, UVresistant plastic or galvanized steel coated with 1.85 oz/sf of zinc (G-185 coating).
• Flashing at a door threshold shall be installed so as to prevent water intrusion from rain or meltingice and snow.
Wood I-Joists Many homes constructed with wood I-joists, as shown in FIGURE 13, have a 1" or thicker engineered wood product (EWP) band board capable of supporting a deck; see FIGURE 14. If a minimum 1" EWP or 2x band board is not present, then a free-standing deck is required. See Free-Standing Decks on Sheet 14 for more information.
FIGURE 13: WOOD I-JOIST PROFILE
FIGURE 14: ATTACHMENT OF LEDGER BOARD-TO-BAND BOARD
FIGURE 15: NOT USED
FIGURE 16: NOT USED
PROHIBITED LEDGER ATTACHMENTS
The ledger board attachment conditions shown
FIGURE 17 through FIGURE 19 below are strictly prohibited. In such cases the deck shall be free-standing. See FREE-STANDING DECKS on Sheet 14.
house floor trusses
deckjoist
FIGURE 17: FLOOR TRUSSES
joistdeck
brickveneer ormasonrychimney
FIGURE 18: BRICK VENEER
overhang or bay window
FIGURE 19: HOUSE OVERHANG
LEDGER BOARD FASTENERS
Ledger board fasteners shall be installed in accordance with FIGURE 20 and the on center spacing in TABLE 4. Only those fastener types noted herein are approved for use. Adequacy of connections will be verified by county inspectors.
typicalspacing
interior fasteners;2 rows staggered1
NO LEAD ANCHORS
512" min. for 2x8
612" min. for 2x10
712" min. for 2x12
4 fasteners, eachend of ledger board
2"
2" min. sides, top& bottom edges
2"
FIGURE 20: LEDGER BOARD FASTENER SPACING AND CLEARANCES 1 Additional interior fasteners are required at chimney or bay window; see FIGURE 21.
TABLE 4: LEDGER BOARD FASTENER SPACING, ON CENTER Joist Span ≤6' >6'-8' >8'-10' >10'-12' >12'-14' >14'-16' >16'-18'
Fastener Band Board Through Bolts EWP1 24" 18" 14" 12" 10" 9" 8"
2x lumber 36" 36" 34" 29" 24" 21" 19" 1 EWP = 1" minimum manufactured engineered wood product; see Sheet 9 for more information.
Through-Bolts Through-bolts shall have a minimum diameter of 1/2". Pilot holes for through-bolts shall be 17/32" to 9/16" in diameter. Through-bolts must be equipped with washers at the bolt-head and nut.
FRAMING AT CHIMNEY OR BAY WINDOW
All framing at a chimney or bay shall be constructed in accordance with FIGURE 21 and the requirements below.
• Header size shall be equal to the joist size.• When the chimney or bay window is deeper than 3'-0", install a 6x6 post with footing per the
requirements on Sheet 8 below each triple joist at the location of the header connection.• When the header is longer than 6'-0", install 6x6 posts with footing per the requirements on Sheet
8 below the header to reduce the span to less than 6'-0".• Post footings must meet the requirements on Sheet 8.• Joist hangers shall be specifically designed to accommodate the number of members identified in
FIGURE 21.
PLAN VIEW SECTION
decking mayextend 6" maximum
3' m
ax.
Note: joist hangers shall be sized for the number of plies supported
3-ply1 joist,each side
3-ply1 joist
2 ledger board interiorfasteners on each side ofchimney or bay window2
6'-0" maximum
chimney orbay window
ledgerboard
ledgerboard
2-ply header
chimneyor baywindow
FIGURE 21: REQUIREMENTS FOR FRAMING AT CHIMNEY OR BAY WINDOW 1 May be reduced to 2-ply joists if joist spacing = 24" on center, joist span ≤ 8'-6" or chimney/bay window depth ≤ 18".2 Fasteners adjacent chimney/bay window are considered interior to the ledger board. See FIGURE 20 for fasteners requirementsat the end of the ledger board.
LATERAL SUPPORT
All decks greater than 4'-0" above grade shall resist lateral loading by providing diagonal bracing as shown in FIGURE 22 and in accordance with the following:
• Diagonal bracing shall be 2x4 minimum.• Decks shall have diagonal bracing installed at beam locations.• Free-standing decks shall also have diagonal bracing installed parallel to joists at each post location
in accordance with FIGURE 23.• Only one type of diagonal bracing shall be provided in each beam line as identified in FIGURE 22
and each joist line as identified in FIGURE 23.• Connection of diagonal bracing shall be in accordance with FIGURE 24.
2'
2'
KNEE BRACING
• place knee bracing at all beam- postlocations
K-BRACING
• place k-bracing in two adjacent bays• k-bracing is prohibited in single bay decks
X-BRACING
• place x-bracing in alternating bays
FIGURE 22: DIAGONAL BRACING AT BEAM-POST LOCATIONS (all decks)
2'
2'
KNEE BRACING
place knee bracing at all joist-postlocationsalign joists to accommodate bracingconnection at post
K-BRACING
• k-bracing shall be attached at themidspan of the joist
• align joists to accommodate bracingconnection at post
X-BRACING
provide blocking behind joistto align connection
• align joists to accommodate bracingconnection at post
FIGURE 23: DIAGONAL BRACING AT JOISTS-POST LOCATIONS (free-standing decks only)
AT JOIST OR BEAM
bracing, back of post
bracing, front of post
12" diameter through- boltwith washer, typical
AT POST-BEAM CONNECTIONAT BOTTOM OF POST
joist or beam
bracing, back of post
FIGURE 24: TYPICAL CONNECTIONS OF DIAGONAL MEMBERS
FREE-STANDING DECKS
Decks which are free-standing do not utilize the exterior wall of the existing house to support vertical loads. Instead, an additional beam with posts is provided at or offset from the existing house; see FIGURE 4. When the edge of the deck footings are closer than 5'-0" to an existing exterior house wall, it must bear at the same elevation as the existing house footings, see FIGURE 25 below. Beam size is determined by TABLE 2.
joist overhang
2x blocking
joists
rimjoist
beam,posts
existing housefoundation wall
< 5'-0", footings must beat same elevation asexisting house footing
diagionalbracing
FIGURE 25: FREE-STANDING DECK
GUARDS
Guards, whether required or not, shall be constructed in accordance with the requirements on the proceeding pages and figures. Deviations are prohibited.
When Required When a deck is greater than 30" above grade at a point 36" from the edge of the deck, as shown in FIGURE 26, a guard is required.
Wood-Plastic Composites Wood-plastic composites of the same dimensions and complying with the criteria noted on Sheet 3 may be substituted for the guard rail-cap and infill elements shown in FIGURE 27 provided the manufacturer’s performance criteria specifically allow it.
FIGURE 26: WHEN A GUARD IS REQUIRED
Guard Systems Pre-fabricated systems composed of wood, wood-plastic composites or plastic purchased from a home center store, lumber company or similar will require a plan submission during the permit application process. Only guard systems with a valid evaluation report from an accredited listing agency will be approved for installation.
36"
>30"
deck floorelevation
grade elevation point
edge of deck
2x4 top and bottom; may be placed on either side of guard post; attach to post with (2) 8d ring-shank nails or (2) #8 wood screws
(2) 12" diameter through-bolts and washers
36"
DO NOT NOTCH4x4 post, typical
minimum
6'-0" maximum spacing
openings shall not allow the passage of a 4" diameter sphere; wet lumber must be spaced such that when shrinkage occurs, the maximum opening is maintained
rail cap: 2x6, 5/4 board or approved manufactured material
attach pickets at top and bottom with (1) #8 wood screw or (2) 8d ring-shank nails with a 0.135" nominal diameter
2x2 pickets; may be placed on either side of guard
FIGURE 27: TYPICAL GUARD DETAIL
do not notchguard post atdeck connection
FIGURE 28: NOTCHING AT GUARD POSTS
outside joistor rim joist
2" minimum
centerline of guard post
2" minimum
(2) 12" diameter through-bolts and washers
21 2" m
in.
5" m
ax.
FIGURE 29: GUARD POST ATTACHMENT DETAIL
GUARD POST ATTACHMENTS
Guard posts must be attached in accordance with the requirements below.
• Guard posts must be fastened to the framing in order to ensure the entire guard can resistimposed loads.
• Hold-down anchors, as shown in FIGURE 30 and FIGURE 31, shall be used to attach the guard postto the outside joist and rim joist, respectively.
• Hold-down anchors shall have an 1,800 lb. minimum capacity and shall be galvanized per therequirements on Sheet 3.
• Guard posts may be attached to either side of the rim joist or outside joist.
PLAN VIEWSECTIONoutside-joist
outside-joist
guard post
at first interior bay, provide 2xblocking at guard posts; toe nail with10d nails top and bottom, each side
blocking
hold-downanchor, typical
guardpost fasteners and
attachment perhold-downmanufacturer
FIGURE 30: GUARD POST-TO-OUTSIDE JOIST DETAIL
hold-down anchor
between joistsat joist location
align guardpost at joistlocations
fasteners andattachment perhold-downmanufacturer
hold-down anchor
joistrim joist
rim joist
SECTION PLAN VIEWS
guard post
rim joist
guard post
hold-down anchor
joists
FIGURE 31: GUARD POST-TO-RIM JOIST DETAIL
STAIRS
Stair Geometry Stairs shall be a minimum of 36" in width as shown in
FIGURE 39. Tread, riser and nosing dimensions, opening limitations and tolerance minimums shall meet the requirements shown in FIGURE 32.
Tread & Riser Material Tread and riser material shall be in accordance with the requirements below.
• Tread material shall be equivalent to decking as specified on Sheet 3.• Wood-plastic composites may not have capacity for stair treads equal to their wood equivalents.• Tread material shall be attached per FIGURE 35.• Risers may be framed with 1x lumber minimum or equivalent wood-plastic composite.
FIGURE 32: TREAD AND RISER DETAIL
Stair Stringers Stringers shall be constructed in accordance with the following requirements.
• Stringers shall be continuous sawn or solid 2x12s meeting the stair geometry requirements shownin FIGURE 32.
• Attach stringers to the deck per FIGURE 34.• Stringers shall be spaced at a maximum of 18" on center.• Measured horizontally, the maximum horizontal stringer spans shall not exceed the lengths shown
in FIGURE 33.• Stringers with spans greater than maximum allowed shall be supported with 4x4 posts along their
length to create multiple compliant spans. The 4x4 post shall be notched and bolted to the stringerwith (2) 1/2" diameter through-bolts with washers per FIGURE 11, Option 1. The post shall becentered on a 10" diameter or 8" square, 4" thick footing 12" below grade and be attached perFIGURE 12.
• Intermediate landings may also be provided to shorten the stringer span; see Stair Landings onSheet 18.
FIGURE 33: STAIR STRINGER REQUIREMENTS
sloped joist hanger; seeJoist Hangers for morerequirements
solid, single rimjoist or outsidejoist
FIGURE 34: STAIR STRINGER ATTACHMENT DETAIL
FIGURE 35: TREAD CONNECTION REQUIREMENTS
Stair Landings A floor or landing will be required at the top and bottom of each stairway per IRC Section R311.7.6. If the total vertical height of a stairway exceeds 12'-0", then an intermediate landing will be required. Intermediate stair landings shall be designed and constructed as a free-standing deck using the details herein. However, for stair landings only, 4x4 posts may be used in lieu of 6x6 posts for heights less than or equal to 7'-0". Every landing shall have a minimum dimension of 36" measured in the direction of travel and not less than the width of the stairways served.
between posts6'-0" maximum
diameter spherepermit the passage of a 6"triangular opening shall not
34" measure from stair guard height:
nosing of step
stair guard is required forstairs with a total rise morethan 30" at a point 36" fromthe edge of the stair; seeGuard Requirements formore information
provide blocking between stairstringers at guard postlocations; toe nail with 10d nailstop and bottom, each side
guard post
FIGURE 36: STAIR GUARD REQUIREMENTS
Stair Handrails Handrails shall be constructed in accordance with the following requirements.
• Stairs with four or more risers shall have a handrail on one side.• Handrails shall be graspable per FIGURE 37.• Handrail and connecting hardware material shall be decay-resistant and/or corrosion resistant.• Handrail shall be attached to the stair guard or an existing exterior wall which acts as a barrier to
the stairs. See FIGURE 38.• All shapes shall have a smooth surface with no sharp corners.• Recessed sections may be shaped from a 2x6 or 5/4 board.• Handrails shall run continuously from a point directly over the lowest riser to a point directly over
the highest riser and shall return to the guard at each end; see• FIGURE 39.• Handrails may be interrupted by guard posts only at a turn in the stair.
114" - 2
34"
min.
3 4"m
ax.
min
.
13 4" m
in.
114" - 2"
Perimeter: 4" - 614"
21
4" max.
CIRCULAR RECESSEDNONCIRCULAR
max
.
7 8"3 8"
516"
Perimeter > 614"
FIGURE 37: HANDRAIL GRASPABILITY TYPES/GEOMETRY
attach blocking,handrail to guardwith 8d nails @16" o.c.
MOUNTED TO GUARD MOUNTED TO WALL
34"-38" to nosingof stairs, typical
wallguardpost
134" min.
134" min.
2x blocking
112" min.
corrosion-resistanthandrail hardware
112" min.11
2" min.
FIGURE 38: HANDRAIL REQUIREMENTS
FIGURE 39: MISCELLANEOUS STAIR REQUIREMENTS
Stair Lighting Stairways shall be illuminated in accordance with IRC 303.7.
Stair Stringer Footings Stair stringers at grade shall bear on a concrete footing as shown in FIGURE 40. The footings for each stringer may be combined and poured as a 12" deep slab.
stringer
8" square or 10"round, 12" deepfooting
stringer
guardpost
FIGURE 40: STAIR STRINGER FOOTING
SAFETY GLAZING
To reduce injury due to an accidental impact, safety glazing in window and door glass is required when the existing house wall encloses any portion of the deck or acts as a barrier to adjacent stairs, landings and the areas at the top and bottom of the stairs. Glazing shall be located in the affected panes of the areas identified below.
• Adjacent surface of deck: individual panes wholly located in the area identified in FIGURE 41 with atotal pane area greater than 9 sf.
• Adjacent stairway: individual panes partially or wholly located in the area shown in FIGURE 42.
glass panes wholly withinthis area and more than 9sf must be safety glazed
36"
18" walking surface of deck
FIGURE 41: SAFETY GLAZING AREA AT WALKING SURFACE
60"
36"
60"
60"
glass panes, partially orwholly, within this areaadjacent stairs must besafety glazed
walking surfaceof deck
lower walkingsurface
FIGURE 42: SAFETY GLAZING AREA AT STAIRS