UNCRD Initiative on Promoting Multi-Stakeholders Cooperation/

Public-Private Partnerships through Regional 3R Forum in Asia and IPLA

CRC Mohanty, Environment Programme Coordinator, UNCRD

UNEP IETC Multi-Stakeholders Policy Dialogue Addres sing e-Waste Challenges and Opportunities through Public-Private Sector Coopera tion

Osaka, Japan 18-20 July 2012

Rio+20 Outcome – The Future We Want

� Increasing resource efficiency and reduction of waste to achieve green economy in the context of sustainable development and poverty eradication to enhance the ability to manage natural resources sustainably and with lower negative environmental impacts

� development and implementation of policies for resource efficiency and environmentally sound waste management, including commitment to further 3Rs as well as to increase energy recovery from waste with a view to managing the majority of global waste in an environmentally sound manner

In the “Future We Want”, the States call for:

global waste in an environmentally sound manner

� development and enforcement of comprehensive national and local waste management policies, strategies, laws and regulations.

� continued, new and innovative public-private partnerships among industry, governments, academia and other non-governmental stakeholders aiming to enhance capacity and technology for environmentally sound chemicals and waste management, including for waste prevention

� Enhance understanding on the significance of controlling transboundary movement of e-waste and near-end-of-life electronics, and of proper recycling of e-wastes, taking into consideration the impact of e-waste on environment, occupational health and safety, and resource efficiency.

� Build local capacity of the Customs Department and Ministry of Environment in effectively controlling transboundary movement of e-waste and near-end-of-life electronics & improve interagency coordination

GMS Training Workshop on e-Waste, 10-13 July 2012, Hanoi/Viet Nam

Major issues and challenges : 1. Absence of required legal framework and sound institutional framework on e-waste; 2. Current policies in waste management are not oriented towards resource efficiency3. Lack of 3R infrastructure – resource recovery, recycling, industry-industry cooperation (eco-industrial parks), R&D facilities, etc; 4. Health, safety, labour, environment issues in informal sector; 5. Absence of a regional mechanism to deal with e-waste, including illegal TBM, etc.

coordination� Reinforce the recommendation of the

Singapore 3R Forum , 5-7 Oct 2011� Contribute towards the Rio+20 outcome –

The Future We Want

� Partnerships offer alternatives in which governments and private companies assume co-responsibility and co-ownership for the delivery of solid waste management services.

� Partnerships combine the advantages of the private sector (dynamism, access to financial resources and latest technologies, managerial efficiency, and entrepreneurial spirit, etc.) with social concerns and responsibility of the public sector (public health and better life, environmental awareness, local knowledge and job creation, etc.)

=> Partnership is key to expand waste management services of

local authorities that lack resources, institutional capacity, and

technological know-how…

� Partnerships provides win-win solutions both for the public utilities and private sector—if duly supported by appropriate policy frameworks. Such partnerships could lead to savings in municipal budgets where waste management usually consumes a large portion. The private sector, on the other hand, may use this opportunity to convert waste into environmentally friendly products and energy that could also serve as income generating opportunities.

Shifting the roles of municipalities from being a ‘serviceprovider’ to ‘facilitator of service’, by focusing itsactivity on planning and management, while a privatecompany takes up the actual day-to-day operation.

Triangular cooperation between Government – Private – scientific/R&D institutions

� Promote recycling of waste from one industry as a resource for another (industrial symbiosis), through, for example, supporting the establishment of eco-industrial parks, science parks, and research/university networks.

� Encourage joint R&D, knowledge sharing, technology transfer among various actors (e.g., between private sector and universities).

GOVERNMENTGOVERNMENT

PRIVATESECTOR

RESEARCHINSTITUTIONS

Funding

Research

Research&

Development

Market

Creation

Economi

c

Benefits

0W/

3R

“Moving towards zero waste is

inherently a multi-stakeholder

process which calls for partnerships

within and between communities,

businesses, industries, and all levels

of government.”

There are many other key stakeholders who can play very important role in promoting resource efficiency/3Rs National Government

Develop policies, programs, and institutions, innovative financing for resource efficiency / 3R infrastructures (eco-towns, eco-industrial parks, R&D facilities (Environment, 3Rs, Nano-Technology, IT, Biotechnology） etc.), create conducive policy framework to encourage PPPs, capacity building programs/facilities for SMEs, awareness programme for citizens, green procurement, develop and institute EPR system, foster triangular cooperation (government-private/industry-R&D/Universities) for , circular economic

approach, green growth, technology transfer, information clearing house, etc.

Local Government

Integrate resource efficiency in urban development policy and strategy (energy, transport, water, industry), innovative financing for resource efficient infrastructure (eco-towns, eco-industrial parks, R&D facilities, etc.), realize PPPs, awareness programs for citizens, green

procurement

Private / Develop strategies to commercialize 3Rs, Environmental performance reporting, R&D (3R Private / Industry Sector

Develop strategies to commercialize 3Rs, Environmental performance reporting, R&D (3R technologies, green products, waste recycling, waste exchange, green purchasing, PPP, in-house capacity building programs, CSR,

Banks / Financial institutions

Investment/loan schemes for eco-town projects and green industries

Scientific and Research Institutions / Universities

Provide back up for science based policy making at government level, develop dedicated R&D projects on resource efficiency/3Rs in collaboration with government and business/industry sector, create human resources and experts in the field of resource efficiency/3Rs, look for international collaboration (University-University, University-Multi-national corporation), catalyst for decision makers, technology evaluation.

Citizens / NGOs Promote green consumerism, community awareness raising on house-hold waste segregation and its contribution to resource efficiency/3Rs, knowledge dissemination

(Source: C.R.C. Mohanty, 2012)

Need for Commercializing 3Rs in e-Waste

� Global e-waste recovery market holds enormous revenue potential and is expected to reach $21 billion by 2020, growing from $6.9 billion in 2009. In China alone, the volume of e-waste is expected to reach 5.1 million metric tons in 2020, an increase of more than 150% from 2005. (GBI Research, 2010)from 2005. (GBI Research, 2010)

� The revenue generated from the e-waste management market is expected to grow from $9.15 billion in 2011 to $20.25 billion in 2016 at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 17.22% from 2011 to 2016. (marketsandmarkets.com, 2011)

Pictures: (Top) http://environmentalgeography.wordpress.com/2012/02/(Bottom) http://www.wastemanagementrecycling.net/e-waste.html

Nokia Global Consumer Survey on Recycling (2008)*

� Overall, 74% said they do not think about recycling their mobile phones.

� Half of those surveyed didn’t know phones could be recycled.

Precious metals left unutilized – mobile phones

ferrite Nd

Ag, Pd, Ti, Ba, Pb, Ni, Zr

Fe, Ag, Ni, Cu, Zn, PbCuIn, Sn

Cu, Ni,AuCu, SiO2, (Br)

Pb, Sn

Si, Cu, Ni

Ta, Ag, Mn

Source: http://www.slideshare.net/nokiaconversations/nokia-recycling-survey-results-presentation, http://press.nokia.com/2008/07/08/global-consumer-survey-reveals-that-majority-of-old-mobile-phones-are-lying-in-drawers-at-home-and-not-being-recycled/

Ta, Ag, Mn

Au, Ag, Cu, SiSbAgAu

Fe, Ni, Cr, Au

Source: http://www.coden.jp/rare-metal/use.html

For every 1 million cell phones recycled, we can re cover 75 pounds (34kg) of gold, 772 pounds (350kg)of silver, 33 pounds (15kg) of palladium, an d 35,274 pounds (16 ton) of copper.

http://www.epa.gov/agingepa/press/epanews/2010/2010 _0401_3.htm

There is a need to promote resource efficiency of

electronic appliances – Up-stream (Production)

Examples of Efforts to improve resource efficiency at the up-stream� Resource-saving design: Reduced size, thinning of parts, use of recycled material� Long-life design: Adopting durable materials and structures, up-gradable design� Resource-saving production system: Reduce byproducts and losses, promote reduce

and reuse� Total elimination of specific hazardous chemicals used in the products (e.g., Pb, Cd,

Cr6+, Hg, PBB, PBDE)

Establishment of regional recycling systems:� Case of Fuji Xerox

� Launched the Integrated Recycling System covering theAsia-Pacific region in 2004, with a recycling center based in Thailand.

� By 2007, approx. 9,000 tons of resources were recycled from 55,000 recovered used products. Recycling rate was 99.2%.

� Inaugurated the Integrated Recycling System in China, where used office equipments and cartridges collected from throughout China are recycled, aiming to achieve "zero landfill" , "no pollution" , and "no illegal disposal."

Source: http://www.fujixerox.co.jp/eng/company/headline/2007/0822_circulate.html; http://news.fujixerox.com/news/2008/0115_recycle/

http://www.fujixerox.com/eng/company/ecology/cycle/newstyle/international/

Resource efficiency of electronic appliances –

Down-stream (e-waste management)

The Reality:� Most e-waste in developing countries are improperly handled

through practices that release toxic pollution harming the people and environment, and yield very low metal recovery rates compared to advanced industrial facilities.

• Negative impact on the environment and human health

• Loss of economic opportunity (e.g., precious metals)

• Materials wasted, which could have been used as input in place of newly extracted natural resource or virgin raw material.

Need for Multi-stakeholders cooperation

Key elements for environmentally sustainable

management of e-waste

� Appropriate policies, regulations and guidelines, e.g.� WEEE Directive (2002/96/EC) in EU� Home Appliances Recycling Law (2001) in Japan

� Enforcement of the laws and regulations

� Appropriate E-waste management (3R) infrastructure

Multi -stakeholder participation/cooperation , backed by clear roles � Multi -stakeholder participation/cooperation , backed by clear roles and responsibilities and awareness and effective government laws

� For example, under the Home Appliances Recycling Law in Japan, the specific responsibilities are given to the stakeholders.

End users: Payment of recycling feeRetailers: Collection of used home appliancesManufacturers: Recycling of collected home appliances

� Regional 3R Forum in Asia� IPLA Declaration for Moving towards Zero Waste, 18 Oct. 2011, Daegu, Rep.

of Korea � Marrakech Declaration towards "Greening" the Waste Sector in the Middle

East and North Africa Region, 17 May 2012, Marrakech, Morocco.� Series of IPLA Forums in Latin America in 2011 and 2012 contributing to

increasing motivation of Municipalities/Mayors for moving towards resource efficient and zero waste society (e.g., Bogotá City Administration (UAESP) is promoting zero waste strategy)

UNCRD Approach - Major Achievements and Impacts

LOCAL

3Rs

Zero Waste

Waste generation

Final Waste Disposal= 0 => Landfill = 0

Value Chain

Value Chain

Composting WtE Recycling

Resource Efficiency

LOCAL

NATIONAL

REGIONAL

Converge

EPR

Regional 3R Forum in AsiaGoal : To achieve low carbon and sound material cycle societies in As ia through

facilitating bilateral and multilateral cooperation for increasing resource and energy efficiency through the 3Rs, and for promoting environmentally sound management of wastes in the region; to set in motion a regional mechanismto address 3R issues, needs and priorities in Asian countries, including emerging issues of concern in waste management (Tokyo 3R Statement, 2009) .

Objectives :(a) facilitate high -level policy dialogues on 3R issues, challenges, & opportunities; (a) facilitate high -level policy dialogues on 3R issues, challenges, & opportunities; (b) facilitate improved dialogue and cooperation with internationa l organizations and donor

communities for materializing and implementation of 3R projects at local and national level identified through national 3R strategies;

(c) provide a strategic and knowledge platform for sharing experiences and disseminating among Asian countries best practices, tools, technologies, policy instruments on various aspects of the 3Rs;

(d) provide a platform to develop multilayered networks of stakeholders such as governments, academia, scientific and research community, private sector, and NGOs;

(e) generate international consensus and understanding on the beneficial aspects of the 3Rs in the context of achieving MDGs, resource and energy efficiency, resource effi cient economy, and climate change mitigation ; and to

(f) provide a platform for proliferation of national 3R strategies in developing countries.

Recommendations of the Singapore 3R Forum towards Resource Efficient Society in Asia, 7 Oct 2011

� A comprehensive set of recommendations, covering a wide range of sectors and issues relevant to the 3Rs and resource efficiency, based on the fundamental understanding that the 3Rs is not just about municipal waste management, but is intrinsically linked with resource intrinsically linked with resource efficiency in a wide range of sectors with an objective to reduce or eliminate the waste load for final disposal towards transitioning towards to a resource efficient and green economy.

� Government of Singapore officially submitted the Recommendations as an input to UNCSD/Rio+20

IPLA – International Partnership for Expanding Waste Management Services of Local Authorities

(You are welcome to join IPLA by registering at - http://www.uncrd.or.jp/env/ipla/index_form.htm )

2009

2010

Consultative Process towards the creation of IPLAConsultative Process towards the creation of IPLAConsultative Process towards the creation of IPLAConsultative Process towards the creation of IPLA

CSD Intersessional Event - International Consultative Meeting on Expanding Waste Management Services in Developing Countries, 18-19 March 2010, Tokyo

CSD 18 Side Event: Toward Global Sound Material

CSD Intersessional Event - Inaugural Regional 3R For um in Asia, Nov 2009, Tokyo- contributed towards world wide recognition of 3Rs as the basis for sustainable waste management through CSD

Highlights from CSD-18 Chair Summary:

- Need to move towards zero waste

economy;

- 3Rs as the basis for sustainable waste

Management;

- Called for international cooperation &

Cycle Society, May 2010, New York

2011 CSD Intersessional Event - International Conference on Building Partnerships for Moving Towards Zero Waste, 16-18 Feb 2011, Tokyo

Unanimously recommended launching of the International Partnership for Expanding Waste Management Services of Local Authorities (IPLA) at CSD-19 on 12 May 2011, New York

- Called for international cooperation &

Partnerships; and

- Called for special national and

International action on emerging new

waste streams such as e-waste.

Registered as one of the Rio+20 Partnerships2012

IPLA calls for Partnership as the basis for Sustainable

Waste Management

PrivatePublic Private

High Quality Service Cost effectiveHigh Tech

Waste Minimization

Future -“Sustainable City”

SustainableSWM

Public SectorPrivateSector Community

Public PrivatePartnership

Low quality Service Expensive Low Tech

Waste Disposal

Need to Analyze Stakeholders Role

PresentSource: IPLA Forum of Private Sectors, Nagoya, 23 Feb 2012

� Enable LAs share experience about institutional, business and financial models in addressing specific waste problems and opportunities.

� Help mainstreaming integrated and sustainable waste management strategies such as ISWM and 3R.

� Facilitate expansion of waste management related services and supporting infrastructure that caters to LAs’ needs and meets compliance with applicable regulations; identifies partners and appropriate financial mechanisms, create "green jobs" and stimulate "green investments.“

� Encourage awareness raising and capacity building programs targeting LAs and other stakeholders;

International Partnership for Expanding Waste Management

Services of Local Authorities (IPLA)

Objectives

� Encourage awareness raising and capacity building programs targeting LAs and other stakeholders; especially to decouple waste generation from economic development and to manage complex and emergent waste streams.

� Help in creating a practice oriented knowledge network to help formulate innovative projects, select most appropriate technologies, access expertise, promote waste exchange and waste-resource related opportunities.

� Be instrumental in collation of databases on waste generation, technology performance and standards, benchmarks and Key Performance Indicators for gap assessment and target setting for the LAs.

� Provision of guidelines to support local action plans and strategies for sustainable waste management.

� IPLA's core objective is to address "partnerships" as the basis for sustainable waste management, in particular fostering partnerships between Local Authorities (LAs), private sectors and other key stakeholders in local level waste management.

� It aims to create a dynamic interface between the local authorities and private sector, thereby facilitating public-private partnerships and creating conducive investment climate for expanding waste management services of local/municipal authorities.

� IPLA's operational modalities will rely on decentralized network of activities addressing municipal waste management. For example, regional/sub-regional/national secretariats will take the lead role in operations.

International Partnership for Expanding Waste Management

Services of Local Authorities (IPLA)

Key Features

waste management. For example, regional/sub-regional/national secretariats will take the lead role in operations.

� IPLA's knowledge management component exclusively targets empowerment/capacitydevelopment of LAs and municipalities by facilitating better access to tools, technologies, investment opportunities, and international financial mechanisms in the area of municipal waste management.

� IPLA activities provides an opportunity to further complement city/municipality level efforts for improved urban management towards realizing liveable cities (beautiful, clean, safe, efficient).

In summary, IPLA is a partnership with an objective to foster partnerships with an ultimate purpose of expanding waste management services of local authorities.

Core Members (as of July 2012)

Global Secretariat

Regional Secretariat for Africa, Asia and Latin America

Sub-Regional Secretariat for the region covering Australia and New Zealand

Sub-Regional Secretariat for Mashreq and

Sub-Regional Secretariat for Northern Latin America

Overall Global Coordination

Support

Asia and Latin America

Sub-Regional Secretariat for Central and Eastern Europe

for Mashreq and Maghreb Countries

Sub-Regional Secretariat for the Pacific SIDS

Sub-Regional Secretariat for South Asia

Sub-Regional Secretariat for the Caribbean SIDS

Sub-Regional Secretariat for Southern Latin America

Official partners around the world (About 140 members from 50 countries as of July 2012)