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Under Sleeper Pads on the Ofoten Line Bjørn G. Larsen, Infrastructure Division and Alf Helge Løhren, Technology Jernbaneverket
19th Nordic Seminar on Railway Technology 2016 Luleå, Sweden
Content
• Test Site
• Inspection and Observations after 100 MBT
• Influence on Track Geometry Durability
• Conclusions
• Further Works
Test Site
• Location:
Straumsnes station, Track 2
Km 13,157 – km 13,483 (326 m)
• Curvature: Rmin = 322 m / Cant 44 mm
• Gradient: 13 - 14 ‰
• Speed:
50 km/h (Equilibrium speed to loaded
iron ore trains)
60 km/h (Empty iron ore trains)
70 km/h (All other trains)
• Max axle load: 30 tons
• Traffic load: Ca. 100 MGT after 4 years
Test Site - Superstructure
• Track 2 renewed in 2012
• Rail profile: 60E1
• Fastening: Pandrol Fastclip FC/FE
• Concrete sleepers:
NSB 96 without USP (100 sleepers)
JBV60 with USP (567 sleepers)
Sleeper space 520 mm
• Crushed stone ballast:
Fraction 31.5 – 50 mm
Thickness under sleeper: ~ 300 mm
Under Sleeper Pads - USP
• Manufacturer: Getzner
• Product data:
Sylomer® Under Sleeper Pad
SLB 2210
Elastoplastic material (Polyurethan) for
optimal ballast fixation
Bedding Modulus: Cstat = 0.22 N/mm3
(Static secant stiffness)
Thickness: 10 mm
Weight: Approx. 4.2 kg/m2
Form of delivery: 2 semi-parts per
sleeper
Test Site Straumsnes Station –
Visual Inspection of Sleepers
100 sleepers without USP
100 sleepers
with USP
467 sleepers with USP
3 sleepers with USP were
inspected
3 sleepers without USP
were inspected
Track Geometry Observation Distance in This Presentation
Visual Inspection of Sleepers at km 13,400 and km 13,350
3 Sleepers without USP
3 Sleepers with USP
Sleepers 11 and 12 without USP
Sleeper 13 without USP
Inspected Sleepers without USP
• 3 sleepers NSB 95, Ø2009; No. 11, 12 and 13
• No cracks
• Slightly dust under sleeper 12, no dust on the other sleepers
• Little rugged surface, more or less like new sleepers
• The edges on the underside not or very little rounded or
damaged
• Conclusion of Visual Observation:
The concrete sleepers without USP are insignificant worn
and damaged after 100 MGT.
Sleeper SM1 with USP
Sleeper SM2 with USP
Sleeper SM3 with USP
Concrete Sleeper
USP SLB 2210
Inspected Sleepers with USP
• 3 sleepers JBV60 S2012; No. SM1, SM2 and SM3
• Small impressions 2 – 5 mm in the USP from ballast stones
• Some small tears in SM2 and SM3
• A few tears on the edge of SM2
• USP has loosened from the concrete in a short distance on SM1,
otherwise good fixing for the mounting mesh onto the concrete
• Negligible damaged on the concrete edges on the sleepers undersides
• Conclusion of Visual Observation:
Insignificant wear and damage on the USP or sleepers after 100 MGT.
Visual Inspection of Ballast under Sleepers without USP
Visual Inspection of Ballast under Sleepers with USP
Assessment of Ballast Reduction/Contamination
• Sleepers without USP:
Little size reduction of the ballast stones
Little contamination of the ballast
• Sleepers with USP:
No or very little size reduction of the ballast stones
Little contamination of the ballast
• Conclusion of Visual Observation:
Negligible difference in ballast reduction and
contamination under sleepers without and with USP after
100 MGT
Test Site Straumsnes station, Ofoten Line
Sleepers without USP
Test Site Straumsnes station, Ofoten Line
Sleepers without USP
Test Site Straumsnes station, Ofoten Line
Sleepers without USP
Test Site Straumsnes station, Ofoten Line
• Comparison of track geometry defects
tendency in track without and with USP:
No difference in develpoment of
increased track gauge
No difference in development of
alignment defects
The track level may have a tendency to
change more the first years after sleeper
installation, if there are USP?
No difference in development of twists
Sleepers
without USP
Sleepers
without USP
Conclusions:
• Even inspection samples are limited, following visual
observations have been done after 100 MGT:
Insignificant wear and damage on the sleepers without
USP
Insignificant wear and damage on the sleepers with USP
and on the USP itself
Negligible difference in ballast reduction and
contamination under sleepers without and with USP
• At this stage it is impossible to make any final decision about
the influence of USP on ballast degradation and track
geometry durability on the Ofoten line after 100 MGT.
Further Works:
• New inspection of sleepers, USP and ballast after 200 MGT
• Comparison of later track geometry diagrams
• Planning of test program with use of “Smart Sleepers”
Censors to measure loads, tensions and bending
moments in sleepers without and with USP
Thank You for Your Attention!