Understand the field of Psychology as you learn about how to apply the theories to your own life to improve yourself and your relationships with others!

Understand the field of Psychology as you learn about how to apply the theories to your own life to improve yourself and your relationships with others!

Be able to discuss the reasons for false memories. Be able to explain possible problems with eyewitness testimonies.

What has been assigned today?POP #3 Due Friday

What is coming up?

What is Due?

Entry Task: Get with a partner and prepare to discuss review questions.

Agenda Review Memory and School

Exit Ticket:

POP 4

Discuss how social or cultural factors can affect cognitive processes.

John Berry (1969)

First to apply the terms. He questions why psychologists can claim to do a cross cultural study without rigorously examine the differences in methods. Etics are marriage, kinship, principles,

concepts of intelligence, time orientation and other dimensions of culture, education of children and stress.

Emics are definitions of marriage, kinship rules, what is valued in education, monochronic or polychronic time orientation and how stress is experiences

Definitions

Etic: Universal behaviors Emic: culture specific behaviors

Why do these terms matter? Effects of cultural bias on psychological

research We assume that an emic from our own culture is

in fact an etic. This is Ethnocentrism. Cross cultural research often aims to reveal behaviours

which may be universal and potentially biological but when imposed etics are part of the research design than conclusions can be very misleading.

John Berry (1969) Three steps to create universal categories

that are useful to comparing cultures. 1. May have to start your study with an imposed

etic. You must then use that knowledge to create a emic that is truly meaningful to people being studied.

2. Researchers create new categories that reflect what is observed in another culture. These are called derived etics. You can now use these to make comparisons.

3. Finally you now apply the derived etic in new research setting and continue to modify them.

Intelligence and Culture

Why is it difficult to measure intelligence between cultures?

Watch segment.

Cross Cultural studies on memory

Bartlett- nonliterate African tribal people use rote recall on memory tasks.

Michael Cole wanted to test the idea.

HOW WOULD YOU DO IT?

Kpelle Farmers and Michael Cole

Cole (1971) Aim: Test Bartlett’s idea by giving free

recall tests to Kpelle farmers in Africa. He chose items that would fit into

familiar categories and yet….

Contrary to the stereotype, farmers

showed no clear pattern of organization in their

memory.



What has been assigned today?Finish Introduction

What is coming up?

What is Due?

Early Work: Review-

Agenda Review

Exit Ticket:

Cognitive and Bio Review1. What process uses schema to interpret what you see?2. Which process is the biological path to interpret what you are

seeing?3. Which experiment used a Native American story to investigate

cultural schemas?4. What part of the brain processes declarative memory?5. Name two studies that support that concept?6. Name the study that discovered mirror neurons?

Cognitive and Bio Review1. Name one experiment that supports mirror neurons?2. Which memory model describes how memory goes from sensory

memory to short term memory to long term memory?3. Which experiment shows how you have both a short term store

and long term store for memory?4. Name two case studies that support multi-store memory model. 5. What study supports both localization of function and brain

plasticity?

Cog and Bio review

Which experiments supports the idea that genetics influences depression?

Which experiment used an office to investigate how your schema impacts your memory?

Which experiment investigated how your perspective influences what you remember?

Which experiment investigated the role of schemas in the development of stereotypes?

What experiment supports the existence of sensory memory?

What model explains how memories are stored in the long term memory?

What is the experiment that supports this model?



What has been assigned today?Monday

What is coming up?

What is Due?

Early Work: What is the aim, procedure and findings of the Wilhelm (sleep) study?

Agenda Review Culture

Exit Ticket:

Further research Cole and Scribner (1974) – Aim- investigate memory strategies in different cultures- Used college educated Kpelle adults to help them develop

the tests.

utensi ls

clothes

tools

vegetables

Children Scores did not

change even with practice

Learned lists just as rapidly as US children

However

When they learned about the objects through story

i l l i terate chi ldren remembered

the objects through chunking

according to the role they played

In the story.

Another Example

One complaint about Kpelle children is they could not measure.

Kpelle use Kopi (a tin can) and Boke (bucket) to measure rice in the market place.

Demonstration- Estimate how many cups and then Kopi of ___ are in the bowls

Experiment Aim: to discover if Kpelle could measure. Subjects: American and Kpelle adults,

Kepelle children. Procedure: Each subject was presented

with four mixing bowls of equal size holding different amounts of rice. (1.5 kopi, 3, 4.5 and 6 kopi)

Results showed that the Kpelle people could indeed measure; in fact the adults were very accurate. Both the Americans and Kpelle children made mistakes.

Culture and Memory

“People learn to remember in ways that are relevant to their every day lives and these do not mirror the activities that cognitive psychologists use to investigate mental processes.” (Crane, 81)

Social factors on memory Does your neighborhood impact your cognitive

abilities? Can I predict how smart you are based on where you live?

Posit ively correlated with

Posit ively correlated with

http://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=cutting+school&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=SEXNH6Vmxs3n8M&tbnid=ZJSWRTwO8L4_YM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http://www.goldenstateliberty.com/2011/07/city-of-concord-cracks-down-on-kids.html&ei=H-9UUd-YOc_siQK85IEY&bvm=bv.44442042,d.cGE&psig=AFQjCNFb358vzZoU1xnMamTkep7bgmtVzg&ust=1364607114735756

Another Experiment

Gautreaux Program: (Chicago) Given vouchers to move from

Random assignments based on availability. After 10 years, Children living in higher SES neighborhoods performed better academically than children still in the poorer neighborhood.

Another experiment

Field Experiment- 4,500 families

In five cities- After 5 years children performed better

academically and had better health.




What is coming up?

What is Due?

Early Work: Pull out your POP. Follow the slide and do a peet

Agenda Review Memory and School

Exit Ticket:


Be able to explain how memory is shaped by cultural factorsUnderstand two experiments that explain those factors.


What is coming up?

What is Due?

Entry Task: What are the cultural factors that influence learning and memory?

Agenda Memory and CultureMemory and Neighborhood

Exit Ticket:

Documents

Understand the field of Psychology as you learn about how to apply the theories to your own life to improve yourself and your relationships with others!