BELL WORK

In your JOURNAL (proper format with date & question) discuss the following: Why do we require you to study Biology? What is Biology?

With your partner discuss your response and compile a list with at least 5 reasons/answers

Be prepared to share with the class.

1. Biology:

2. Biosphere:

3. Biodiversity:

4. Cell:

5. DNA:

6.Metabolism:

7.Organism:

8.Species:

Section 1.1

1. Adaptation:

2. Ecosystem:

3. Evolution:

4. Homeostasis:

5. System:

Section 1.2

1. Constant:

2. Data:

3. Dependent Variable:

4. Experiment:

5. Hypothesis:

6. Independent Variable:

7.Observation:

8.Theory:

Section 1.3

1. Gene:

2. Genomics:

3. Microscope:

4. Molecular Genetics:

Section 1.4

1. Biotechnology:

2. Transgenic:Section

1.5

What does “biology” mean?

Key terms“Bio” means = ___________________“-ology” means = _________________

Therefore Biology is… __________________________________

Scientists study and investigate nearly every aspect of life on Earth. They work in different fields of science. The names of many of these fields end in the suffix –logy. A suffix, such as –logy, must be combined with another word part to complete its meaning.

Determine the meanings of the prefixes in the name of each field of science listed below. In the second column of the chart, write a description of what is studied in each field listed in the first column.

WORD MEANING WORD MEANINGAnthropology Entomology

Zoology Embryology

Ecology Ethology

Virology Herpetology

Bacteriology Microbiology

Cytology Paleontology

Oceanology Physiology

Ichthyology Cardiology

Study of AnimalsStudy of the environment

Study of cells

Study of viruses

Study of bacteria

Study of ocean lifeStudy of fish

Study of ancient cultures

Study of insects

Study of embroys

Study of animal behavior

Study of reptiles

Study of microscopic organisms

Study of fossils

Study of body functionsStudy of the heart

Prefix MeaningBio- LifeHydro- WaterZoo- AnimalEx- OuterPhoto- LightUni- OneMulti- ManyMicro- Small, tinyAnti- NotChloro- GreenHetero- DifferentHomo- SameAuto- SelfCyto- CellDi- TwoOsteo- BoneIntra- Into/innerProto first

Suffix Meaning-ology The study of-meter Measurement-phyll Leaf-scope Viewing instrument-ation Process-lysis Break or loosen-stasis Stable condition-plast Living material-pod Foot-cellular

Of cells

-it is Inflammation-derm Skin-cyst Pouch-phase Stage-troph Food-graph Chart-phyte Plant-cretion To separate-gestion

To carry

Try these…Try these… Study of life _______________________________ Study of animals _______________________________ Small leaf _______________________________ Study of the skin _______________________________ Instrument for looking at small things _______________________________ Study of small forms of life _______________________________ Self-made food _______________________________ Green leaf _______________________________ The process of watering _______________________________ Breaking of a cell _______________________________ Removal of waste products from the body _______________________________ Instrument used to measure water and other liquids _______________________ A plant that grows in water _______________________________ The process of making something self-operating __________________________ Within a cell _______________________________ First organized particle _______________________________

BIOLOGY

ZOOLOGYMICROPHYLL

DERMATOLOGYMICROSCOPE

MICROBIOLOGYAUTOTROPH

CHLOROPHYLLHYDRATION

CYTOLYSISEXCRETION

HYDROMETERHYDROPHYTE

AUTOMATIONINTRACELLULARPROTOPLAST

Meaning…__________________________

Example:What is your body temperature? ______________How does your body respond when you are cold?

______________________________________________How does your body respond when you are hot?

______________________________________________

Why is it important for your body to do this? ______________________________________________

YOUR BODY IS CONSTANTLY WORKING TO MAINTAIN……HOMEOSTASIS

“Stable condition”

98.6°

Shivers, Goose-bumps

Sweat

Maintain a constant 98.6 degrees

The Biosphere Made up of ALL the living things AND all the places they are found:

LIVING THINGS PLACES

Bacteria Deserts

Protist Grasslands

Fungus Saltwater

Plants Freshwater

Animals

The variety of life across the biosphere.

Biodiversity generally increases from the Earth’s poles to the equator.

EQUATOR

Earth’s Rainforest

(Greatest variety and Highest population of living organisms)

• Consistent warm temperatures• Constant precipitation

More species can survive in warm areas that offer a larger and more consistent food

supply.

Species: A particular type of living thing that can reproduce by interbreeding among themselves

• __________ not only in size, but in development

• __________ essential for survival

• __________ smallest unit of life

• __________ breathing, eating, digestion, excretion

• __________ adapt and change with environment

• __________ to light, sound, temp, etc.

“GROMER”

GROWTH

REPRODUCTION

CELLS

METABOLIZE

EVOLVE

RESPOND

Growth refers to an increase in some quantity over time. The quantity can be physical (e.g., growth in height)

or abstract (e.g., a system becoming more complex, an organism becoming more mature).

Members of a species must have the ability to produce new individuals, (reproduce).

Through reproduction, organisms pass on their ___________________,

(DNA: Deoxyribonucleic Acid)

Combining of _______ and __________; Combination of ______ from ___ parents

___________ from one parent divides into two cells. New cells have _____________ ______ as original parent

genetic material

sperm eggDNA 2

One cellidentical

DNA

CELL

ORGANSYSTEM

ORGANISMTISSUE

All living things are made up of one or more cells

All organisms need a source of __________________ for their life processes.

The form of energy that all organisms use is ___________________________

_______________

____________

ENERGY

CHEMICAL ENERGY

SUNLIGHT

FOOD

Evolution is the ________________________________;

(Change in the _____________ of a population of species.)

Besides having stiff spines that stick out from their bodies and help protect them, these animals also have loose skin

under those spines and powerful back muscles. Why?

How are the mouths of pythons adapted to finding prey and swallowing large prey?

CHANGE IN LIVING THINGS OVER TIME

GENETIC MAKEUP

__________________

__________________

__________________

LIGHT

All organisms must _______________ to their __________________ to __________________.

REACTENVIRONMENT SURVIVE

TEMPERATURETOUCH

Describe biodiversity in terms of species

Describe the relationship between cells and organisms.

What characteristics are shared by all living things?

How does biodiversity depend on a species’ ability to reproduce?

Cells are the smallest part of organisms.

(They make up organisms)

GROMER

Growth, Reproduction, Cells, Metabolize, Evolve, Reproduction

HomeostasisLiteral Meaning: “Same Status/Condition”

Homeostasis is the maintenance of constant internal conditions in an organism.

Examples of conditions that require homeostasis:

TEMPERATURE BLOOD SUGAR ACIDITY HYDRATION LEVELS

Describe a biological system.

Give an example of how structure is related to function in living things.

Why is homeostasis essential for living things?

What is the relationship between adaptation and natural selection?

How are structure and function related to adaptation?

How is the process of natural selection involved in evolution?

_________________________________________________

___________________________________________________

___________________________________________________

___________________________________________________

___________________________________________________

___________________________________________________

___________________________________________________

___________________________________________________

___________________________________________________

STUDENTS DO NOT RETAIN THE INFORMATION PRESENTED / TAUGHT IN CLASS

IF STUDENTS ATTACH SPECIFIC MEANING OR ASSOCIATIONS WITH TERMS, THEN THEY WILL LEARN THE INFORMATION

HAVE STUDENTS COPY A LIST OF 10 WORDS LABELED “A” AND “B”. THE STUDENTS HAVE TO WRITE THE “A” WORDS TWO TIMES WHILE FOR THE ‘B’ WORDS THEY FIRST WRITE A WORD THAT THEY ASSOCIATE WITH THE TERM AND THEN WRITE THE WORD ITSELF ONCE.

_____ TOTAL STUDENTS RECALLED ______ TOTAL WORDS: ______ ‘A’ WORDS AND _____ ‘B’ WORDS

STUDENTS DO LEARN BETTER IF THEY MAKE ASSOCIATIONS AND OR CONNECTIONS TO NEW INFORMATION PRESENTED TO THEM

1. Control group: ___________________ or the ‘thing’ that does not change

a. _________________________________________

2. Variable: the “_______________________” group or the “thing” that changes

a. _________________________________________

EXPERIMENTAL GROUP

CONSTANT GROUP

1. State the _______________a. The process of ‘inquiry’ begins with ____________________, (using

ones senses to study the world)2. Create a ___________________(educated guess)

a. A hypothesis is a ____________________________ for a scientific question

b. Should be an ___________ / ___________ statement indicating the action(s) that will take place and the results that are anticipated

3. Test the ___________________ (experiment)4. Evaluate ______________(results)

a. Observations and tools can be used to gather and analyze data5. Make a ____________________

a. Hypotheses can be__________________ or _______________ in the conclusion

Experiments are always ______________. ___________________ are developed once experiments have beentested several times and end with the same _________________

PROBLEM

HYPOTHESIS

HYPOTHESIS

DATA

CONCLUSION

observations

Proposed answer

IF THEN

accepted rejected

ONGOINGTHEORIES

Conclusion

A. Recognize a problem C. Test the hypothesis with an experiment

B. Form a Hypothesis D. Draw conclusions

1. ________Stephen predicted that seed would start to grow faster if an electric current traveled through the soil in which they were planted.

2. ________ Susan said, “If I fertilize my geranium plants, they will blossom”.

3. ________ Jonathon’s data showed that household cockroaches moved away from raw cucumber slices.

4. ________ Rene grew bacteria from the mouth on special plates in the laboratory. She placed drops of different mouthwashes on bacteria on each plate.

5. ________ Kathy used a survey to determine how many of her classmates were left-handed and how many were right-handed.

6. ________ Dana wanted to know how synthetic fibers were different from natural fibers.

7. ________ Jose saw bats catching insects after dar. He asked, “How do bats find the insects in the dark?”

A. Recognize a problem C. Test the hypothesis with an experiment

B. Form a Hypothesis D. Draw conclusions8. ________ Justin wondered if dyes could be taken out of plant leaves,

flowers, and stems.

9. ________ Marcus soaked six different kinds of seeds in water for 24 hours. Then he planted the seed in soil at a depth of 1 cm. He used the same amount of water, light, and heat for each kind of seed.

10.________ Bob read about growing plants in water. He wanted to know how plants could grow without soil.

11.________ Kevin said, “If I grow five seedlings in red light, I think the plants will grow faster than the five plants grown in white light”.

12.________ Angela’s experiment proved that earthworms move away from light.

13.________ Scott said, “if acid rain affects plants in a particular lake, it might affect small animals, such as crayfish, that live in the same water.”

14.________ Michael fed different diets to three groups of guinea pigs. His experiment showed that guinea pigs need vitamin C and protein in their diets.

15.________ Kim’s experiment showed that chicken egg shells were stronger when she gave the hen feed to which extra calcium had been added.

Long ago, many people believed that living things could come from nonliving things. They thought that worms came from wood and that maggots came from decaying meat. This idea was called spontaneous generation. In 1669, an Italian biologist, Francesco Redi, did experiments to prove that maggots did not come from meat. One of his experiments is shown below:

Redi placed pieces of meat in several jars. He divided the jars into two groups. He covered t5he first group of jars with fine cloth. He left the second group of jars uncovered. Redi observed the jars for several days. He saw flies on the cloth of the covered jars, and he saw flies laying eggs on the meat in the uncovered jars. Maggots appeared only on the meat in the group of jars left uncovered.

1. Scientists use a series of organized steps called scientific method to solve problems. List the steps that are often used. _________________________ _____________________________________________________________

2. What was the problem in Redi’s experiment? ________________________

3. What do you think his hypothesis was?______________________________

4. How did he test his hypothesis? ___________________________________

5. What was the variable in his experiment? ____________________________

6. What was the control in his experiment? _____________________________

7. What do you think Redi’s conclusion was? ___________________________ _____________________________________________________________

What role do hypotheses play in scientific inquiry?

What is the difference between and independent variable and a dependent variable?

How is the meaning of theory in science different from the everyday use of the term?

How are hypotheses and theories related?

Give examples of different ways in which observations are used in scientific inquiry.

Complete the idea map by using the following numbers to fill in the blanks:

1, 10, 200, 1000, 5000. 1 kilometer = ________________ meter(s)

100 milliliters = ______________ liter(s)

5 kiloliters = ________________ liters(s)

1 meter = ________________ millimeter(s)

2 meters = _____________ centimeter(s)

1 decimeter = ____________ centimeter(s)

Metric equivalents

In what way is a dollar similar to a meter in the SI system?

Which metric unit would you use to measure the following?

a. ____The area of your classroom e ____ The temperature of a bird

b. ____ The volume of liquid in a soft drink f ____ The mass of a vitamin pill

c. ____ The distance to a city in another state g ____ Your height

d. ____ The mass of two paper clips h ____ time

International System of Units (SI)(Metric system)

• Base unit for…– Length = __________– Mass = __________– Volume = __________– Temp. = __________

meter

gram

liter

Celius

Metric conversions

K h da U d c m meter liter

gram

Try these…1. 5mL = ______________ L2. 15g = ______________ mg3. 0.5m = ______________ cm4. 65.4L = ______________cL5. 650cm = ______________mm = ______________m6. 3.45mg = ______________cg = ______________g = ______________kg

Using a meter stick, measure your height in…kilometers = ______________ kmmeters = ______________ m centimeters = ______________ cmmillimeters = ______________ mm

10 millimeters = 1 centimeter

A meter stick “reads” centimeters

Name _____________________________________Date ______________

METRIC CONVERSIONSk h da U d c m

1. 5mL = ______________ L2. 15g = ______________ mg3. 0.5 m = ______________ cm4. 65.4L = ______________ cL5. 650cm = ______________ mm = ________________ m6. 3.45 mg = ______________ cg = _________________g = ______________kg7. 2.5mL = ______________ cL8. 15g = ______________ kg9. 0.5 m = ______________ mm10. 0.453L = ______________ mL11. 65.5cm = ______________ m = ________________ km12. 1.15 hg = ______________ g = _________________kg = ______________mgWhat are the base units for measuring:13. Mass - ____________________14. Volume - _________________15. Length - __________________

.005

kilo hecta deca UNIT deci centi milli1000 100 10 1 0.1 0.01 0.001

150005065406500 6.50.345 0.00345 0.000003450.250.015500453655 0.655

115 0.115 115000

gramlitermeter

Understanding the Meter Stick and the Metric System1. How many decimeters are in a meter?

2. How many centimeters are in a meter?

3. How many millimeters in a centimeter?

4. How many millimeters in a meter?

5. How many meters would be in a decameter?

6. How many meters would be in a hectometer?

7. How many meters would be in a kilometer?

Practical8. Using the graduated cylinder, measure the liquid in the bottle. Make the conversions below:

_______________ mL = _______________ L

9. Using the balance, measure the mass in the solid. Make the conversions below:_______________ g = _______________ mg

10. Using the metric ruler, measure the length and width of the room. Make the conversions below:LENGTH: _______________ cm = _______________ mm = _______________ m

WIDTH: _______________ cm = _______________ mm = _______________ m

Tools of biology• Microscope Function Magnifies up to…

– _______ microscope uses light. __________

– _______microscope light cannot pass. __________

(Also called “____________”microscope)

– ________microscope uses electrons __________

Compound Light

Stereo

dissection

Electron

1000X

40X

500,000X

LIGHT MICROSCOPEeyepiece

Arm

Stage

Course Adjustment

Fine Adjustment

Base

Diaphragm

Light Source

Stage Clips

Turrett

Focus Objective

High Power Objective

Low Objective

Body Tube

WORD BANKEyepiece Fine adjustment

Ocular tube Course adjustment

High power objective Revolving nosepiece (“turret”)

Low power objective Diaphragm

Focus objective Light source

Stage Base

Stage clips Arm

The focus objective focuses __________The low power objective focuses __________The high power objective focuses __________.

Keep in mind, there is also a lens in the EYEPIECE that focuses __________

Therefore if you were using the high powered objective, what would the total magnification be? ______________

Eyepiece X High Objective = total magnification________ X _________ = __________ times

4X10X

40X

10X

10 40 400

HOW TO FOCUS A MICROSCOPE1.CHECK YOUR MICROSCOPE: YOU SHOULD FIND YOUR MICROSCOPE

a.WITH THE STAGE ALL THE WAY _________________________.

b.WITH THE “___________________________” OBJECTIVE LINED UP WITH THE EYEPIECE.

2.TURN ON THE ___________________________________________.

3.TAKE YOUR ___________________________________ OR ____________________________ AND PLACE IT ON THE ___________.

4.USING THE COURSE ADJUSTMENT, FOCUS YOUR SPECIMEN UNTIL IT COMES INTO CLEAR VIEW. HINTS:a.YOU MAY HAVE TO MOVE THE SLIDE AROUND ON THE STAGE.b.YOU MAY HAVE TO ADJUST THE LIGHT ENTERING THROUGH THE DIAPHRAGM.c.ONCE YOUR FOCUS IS CLEAR, MAKE SURE YOUR SPECIMEN IS IN THE CENTER OF THE “FIELD OF VIEW”

a.ONCE YOUR SPECIMEN IS IN CLEAR VIEW, TURN THE TURRET TO THE _________________________________________________ OBJECTIVE.

b.USING THE _______________________________________ OBJECTIVE, FOCUS YOUR SPECIMEN UNTIL IT COMES INTO CLEAR VIEW.

c.ONCE YOUR SPECIMEN IS IN CLEAR VIEW, TURN THE TURRET TO THE ______________________________________________ OBJECTIVE.

d.USING ONLY THE _____________________ ADJUSTMENT, FOCUS YOUR SPECIMEN UNTIL IT COMES INTO CLEAR VIEW.

NOTE:NEVER USE THE ___________________________________ WHEN YOU ARE USING THE HIGH POWER OBJECTIVE.

PREPARED SLIDE

WET MOUNT

_____________X’s _____________X’s

_____________X’s _____________X’s

10,000 new species are discovered each year.

However, it is estimated that over 50,000 species become extinct every year

That your body cells have specialized functions?

Muscle cells: contract and relax

Stomach cells: Secrete digestive enzymes

Brain cells: interpret sensory information

That the lining of your nose is actually a habitat for bacteria and fungus. This means the lining of your nose is part of the biosphere!

How do light microscopes differ from electron microscopes?

Why is computer modeling used in biological studies?

How does molecular genetics and to our understanding of genes?

Viruses are smaller than cells. What types of microscopes could be used to study them? Explain.

Provide and example of how technology has helped biologists gain a better understanding of life.