Understanding Human Differences 3rd Edition - Koppelman Chapter 2 - 0 © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc Understanding Prejudice

Understanding Human Understanding Human DifferencesDifferences 3rd Edition - Koppelman3rd Edition - Koppelman

Chapter 2 - Chapter 2 - 11 © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc

Understanding PrejudiceUnderstanding PrejudiceAnd Its CausesAnd Its Causes

UnderstandingUnderstandingHuman DifferencesHuman Differences

Multicultural Education for a Diverse AmericaMulticultural Education for a Diverse America3rd Edition3rd Edition

ByByKent L. KoppelmanKent L. Koppelman

Chapter 2Chapter 2

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DefiningDefining

Terms Terms Related toRelated toHuman DifferencesHuman DifferencesPrejudice:Prejudice:

A A negativenegative attitudeattitude toward a toward a group and persons perceived to group and persons perceived to be members of that group; be members of that group; being predisposed to being predisposed to behavebehave negatively toward members of negatively toward members of the groupthe group



How widespread How widespread is is PREJUDICEPREJUDICE

Conceptions & Conceptions & Misconceptions ofMisconceptions of

PREJUDICEPREJUDICE



PREJUDICEPREJUDICE is a is a Global Global PhenomenonPhenomenonPeople of all nations People of all nations have prejudicial have prejudicial BELIEFSBELIEFS about about othersothersand often and often ACTACT on on themthem



American MediaAmerican Media• Often Often EXCLUDESEXCLUDES

minority groupsminority groups

OrOr

• INCLUDESINCLUDES minority minority groups groups

presented in a presented in a STEREOTYPICAL STEREOTYPICAL waywayCan you think of some examples?Can you think of some examples?



Source:Source: John Branch, John Branch, San San Antonio Express-NewsAntonio Express-News



MUSLIMSMUSLIMS are often are often portrayed as portrayed as terrorists and terrorists and fanaticsfanaticsPoll:Poll:

• 25% of Americans have a negative 25% of Americans have a negative attitude toward Muslimsattitude toward Muslims

• 50% support restricting the civil 50% support restricting the civil liberties of Muslim Americansliberties of Muslim Americans



What examples of What examples of PREJUDICEPREJUDICE exist in exist in our our LANGUAGELANGUAGENEGATIVENEGATIVE associations with the associations with the color color blackblack

Black MagicBlack MagicPOSITIVEPOSITIVE associations with the associations with the color color whitewhite CleanlinessCleanliness

PurityPurity



““I Jewed the price down”I Jewed the price down”reflects a history of reflects a history of

stereotyping stereotyping JewsJews

““Retard” or “Faggot”Retard” or “Faggot”used as playground used as playground

insultsinsults



What examples ofWhat examples of GENDER PREJUDICEGENDER PREJUDICE

exist in our exist in our LANGUAGELANGUAGE

Copyright © Allyn & Bacon Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 20082008



Historic Use of Historic Use of “MAN”“MAN” emphasizes the emphasizes the importance of menimportance of men

Feminists have Feminists have successfully lobbied to successfully lobbied to promote the use of promote the use of more inclusive terms:more inclusive terms:

Mail Carrier/MailmanMail Carrier/MailmanFire Fighter/FiremanFire Fighter/FiremanPolice Officer/PolicemanPolice Officer/Policeman



Is Is PREJUDICEPREJUDICE the main cause of the main cause of DISCRIMINATIONDISCRIMINATION in societyin society

Consequences & Causes Consequences & Causes of of PREJUDICEPREJUDICE



Some studies document Some studies document a significant reduction a significant reduction of prejudice in the U.S.of prejudice in the U.S.

Other studies report Other studies report little reduction in little reduction in discriminationdiscrimination

Scholars developed Scholars developed NEW THEORIESNEW THEORIES



How does the How does the INTEREST THEORYINTEREST THEORY explain explain DISCRIMINATIONDISCRIMINATION

People may engage in People may engage in NEGATIVE ACTIONSNEGATIVE ACTIONS against others to serve against others to serve their own interests buttheir own interests butNOT BE PREJUDICEDNOT BE PREJUDICED against the groupagainst the group



Some white Some white homeowners fear homeowners fear that their property that their property values may go down values may go down if families of color if families of color move into the move into the neighborhoodneighborhood

How might this lead to How might this lead to DISCRIMINATION?DISCRIMINATION?



How is self-interest How is self-interest involved in the involved in the INTERNAL COLONIALISM INTERNAL COLONIALISM THEORYTHEORY

Individuals with accumulated Individuals with accumulated wealth and power may take wealth and power may take NEGATIVE ACTIONSNEGATIVE ACTIONS that that disadvantage others to disadvantage others to maintain their power and maintain their power and privilegeprivilege



How is How is DISCRIMINATIONDISCRIMINATION explained by the explained by the INSTITUTIONALIZED INSTITUTIONALIZED DISCRIMINATION DISCRIMINATION THEORYTHEORY



INSTITUTIONALIZED INSTITUTIONALIZED DISCRIMINATION THEORYDISCRIMINATION THEORYfocuses on policies and practices focuses on policies and practices inin INSTITUTIONSINSTITUTIONS that may that may not have been intended to not have been intended to have an adverse effect on a have an adverse effect on a particular groupparticular group

Men socializing after workMen socializing after workWomen going home after workWomen going home after work

How might this result inHow might this result inDISCRIMINATION?DISCRIMINATION?



What factors What factors promote the promote the development ofdevelopment ofPREJUDICEPREJUDICE



FrustrationFrustrationScapegoatingScapegoating

Uncertainty Uncertainty StereotypingStereotyping

Threat to self-esteemThreat to self-esteemFeeling SuperiorFeeling Superior

Competition for status, Competition for status, wealth, and powerwealth, and power

See competitors as enemySee competitors as enemy



Prejudice against Prejudice against MuslimsMuslimsUncertainty Uncertainty - - Terrorist stereotypeTerrorist stereotype

FrustrationFrustration - - 50% of Americans say 50% of Americans say Muslims are more likely to promote Muslims are more likely to promote violence than other faithsviolence than other faiths

Threat to Self-EsteemThreat to Self-Esteem - 59% of - 59% of Muslims have college degreesMuslims have college degrees

CompetitionCompetition - - Salary ComparisonSalary Comparison

$50,000 = Average U.S. annual $50,000 = Average U.S. annual incomeincome

$60,000 = Average Muslim-American $60,000 = Average Muslim-American incomeincome



How are How are PREJUDICESPREJUDICES perpetuatedperpetuated



RATIONALIZATIONSRATIONALIZATIONS perpetuateperpetuate PREJUDICES:PREJUDICES:

DENIAL DENIAL

VICTIM-BLAMINGVICTIM-BLAMING

AVOIDANCEAVOIDANCE



DENIALDENIAL

Denying the existence or Denying the existence or significance of prejudice or significance of prejudice or discriminationdiscrimination

Women aren’t Women aren’t discriminated discriminated againstagainst……

Men are just naturally Men are just naturally better at certain better at certain things.things.



VICTIM-BLAMINGVICTIM-BLAMING

Identifying individual Identifying individual deficiencies as the cause of deficiencies as the cause of individual problems rather individual problems rather than discrimination against a than discrimination against a groupgroupIf Blacks weren’t so If Blacks weren’t so

sensitive…sensitive…

we wouldn’t have so we wouldn’t have so many racial problems.many racial problems.



AVOIDANCEAVOIDANCEAcknowledging the existence of Acknowledging the existence of prejudice and discrimination prejudice and discrimination against groups but refusing to against groups but refusing to address the root causes of their address the root causes of their problemsproblemsBy offering false or partial By offering false or partial solutions:solutions:

If we refuse to acknowledge race we If we refuse to acknowledge race we could end racism (False)could end racism (False)

We could reduce sexism dramatically if We could reduce sexism dramatically if we taught about women’s contributions we taught about women’s contributions to the U. S. (Partial)to the U. S. (Partial)



AVOIDANCEAVOIDANCE

““I know that some people are I know that some people are discriminated against…discriminated against…But lets look at the bright side But lets look at the bright side – things are getting better.”– things are getting better.”

By making statements that By making statements that distract from the main issue distract from the main issue (red (red herring arguments):herring arguments):

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Understanding Human Differences 3rd Edition - Koppelman Chapter 2 - 0 © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc Understanding Prejudice