Understanding, measuring, managing Changes within the Architectural Profession Hannu Penttilä HUT architecture The Effects

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understanding, measuring, managingunderstanding, measuring, managingChanges within Changes within the Architectural Professionthe Architectural Profession

Hannu PenttiläHUT architecturehttp://www.mittaviiva.fi/hannu

The Effects of ICT on Architectural Practice

Roadmap & Future Directions for Modern Architectural Discipline

understanding, measuring, managingunderstanding, measuring, managingChanges within Changes within the Architectural Professionthe Architectural Profession

The Effects of ICT on Architectural The Effects of ICT on Architectural PracticePractice

are the research questions relevant ?are the research questions relevant ?is the target achievable ?is the target achievable ?is the focus well defined ?is the focus well defined ?are scientific methods proper ?are scientific methods proper ?

http://www.mittaviiva.fi/hannuhttp://www.mittaviiva.fi/hannu



understanding, measuring, managing understanding, measuring, managing Changes within Changes within the Architectural Professionthe Architectural Profession

2006 2007 2008 2009

frameworkof thechanges

validationanalysisconclusions

interviewscase studies

1. publish1. publish

theorytheorymethodsmethods


casescases3. publish3. publish

changechangeframeworkframework


validationvalidationconclusionsconclusions

methodstheoryliterature



introductionintroduction

Research contextResearch context

Participant [process oriented] view to AEC-field• essential co-players within contemporary construction• communication environment




Research contextResearch contextInternal communication environmentInternal communication environment

Discipline internal needs• how to manage architectural information• how to manage design changes • how to maintain design freedom & richness



Construction process and participant needs• what are the [data, communication] needs related to architects• how to supply proper architectural data in correct form


External communication environmentExternal communication environment


tarvitaan elokuvan katselemiseen.Architectural Profession in ChangeArchitectural Profession in Change Literature Review Literature Review 1...3/20061...3/2006

architectural designarchitectural designcreativitycreativitydesign theorydesign theorydesign educationdesign educationdesign representationdesign representationdesign methodsdesign methodsuser requirementsuser requirementscollaborative designcollaborative designvirtual design studios VDSvirtual design studios VDS

architectural practicesocial contextdesign managementtask listsagreementscommunication, co-operation

organizationalsciencescommunicationcollaborationleading changesimpact analysisorganization strategy organization changedesign management

AEC-field ICTproject managementclassificationbuilding codesproduct modelling, BIMactivity modellingautomated manufacturing, CNC

digitalization, ICTdigitalization, ICTtools & interfacestools & interfacesdocument managementdocument managementdatabases databases data exchangedata exchangestandards, DWG, IFCstandards, DWG, IFCdata integrationdata integrationdata modellingdata modellingtechnology assessmenttechnology assessmentIT-strategiesIT-strategies

architectural ICTCAD, CAAD2D, 3D, 4D 3D-modelling visualization, VR, ARknowledge management

economical aspecteconomical aspectcosts, expenses, value..costs, expenses, value..

futures studiesfutures studiesassessmentassessmentfuture paths & threatsfuture paths & threatsmethodsmethods


tarvitaan elokuvan katselemiseen.Architectural Profession in ChangeArchitectural Profession in Change Literature Review Literature Review 1...3/20061...3/2006

architectural designarchitectural designcreativitycreativitydesign theorydesign theorydesign educationdesign educationdesign representationdesign representationdesign methodsdesign methodsuser requirementsuser requirementscollaborative designcollaborative designvirtual design studios VDSvirtual design studios VDS

architectural practicesocial contextdesign managementtask listsagreementscommunication, co-operation

organizationalsciencescommunicationcollaborationleading changesimpact analysisorganization strategy organization changedesign management

AEC-field ICTproject managementclassificationbuilding codesproduct modelling, BIMactivity modellingautomated manufacturing, CNC

digitalization, ICTdigitalization, ICTtools & interfacestools & interfacesdocument managementdocument managementdatabases databases data exchangedata exchangestandards, DWG, IFCstandards, DWG, IFCdata integrationdata integrationdata modellingdata modellingtechnology assessmenttechnology assessmentIT-strategiesIT-strategies

architectural ICTCAD, CAAD2D, 3D, 4D 3D-modelling visualization, VR, ARknowledge management

economical aspecteconomical aspectcosts, expenses, value..costs, expenses, value..

futures studiesfutures studiesassessmentassessmentfuture paths & threatsfuture paths & threatsmethodsmethods

introintro Volume & Trend StudiesVolume & Trend Studies

Number of Finnish architects

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

1890 1900 1910 1920 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990

architect as a master designerarchitect as a master designer

western modernismwestern modernismpost-modernpost-modernpluralismpluralism

profession guildsprofession guilds

modern organizations,modern organizations,teamsteams

functionalism functionalism

globalizationglobalization

digitalizationdigitalization

art nouveau art nouveau

communicationcommunication

neo-neo-classicismclassicism

rural societyrural society

urban, industrial societyurban, industrial societypost-industrialpost-industrialinformation societyinformation society

2D CAD2D CAD

3D, visualization3D, visualization

data, BIMdata, BIM

document mgmtdocument mgmt

virtualvirtualorganizationsorganizations

number of architectsnumber of architectsnumber of studentsnumber of studentsproject volumeproject volumeAEC-field’s share of economyAEC-field’s share of economyrelative salariesrelative salaries

Architectural Profession in ChangeArchitectural Profession in Change Case Studies & Delphi-interviewsCase Studies & Delphi-interviews

200020001990199019801980197019701960196019501950 20102010

2D CAD2D CAD

oil oil crisiscrisis

FinnishFinnisheconomicaleconomicalcrisiscrisis

3D CAD3D CAD

IIlastlastmastersmastersofofmodernismmodernism

IIIIlastlastdaysdaysof trad.of trad.drawingdrawing

IIIIIIearlyearlyCADCAD2D2Ddrawingdrawing

post-warpost-warreconst-reconst-ructionruction

urbanurbangrowthgrowth

web & web & communicationcommunication

IVIVpervasivepervasiveintegratedintegratedcollaborativecollaborativedesigndesign

Finnish architectFinnish architecttaxa removedtaxa removed

HypotheticalHypothetical Relative use of time & resourcesRelative use of time & resources

2000200019901990198019801970197019601960 20102010

economyeconomy

organizing & managementorganizing & management

authoritiesauthorities

””architectural design”architectural design”””drawing” drawing” working with design contentworking with design contentproducing design proposalsproducing design proposals

co-operationco-operationcommunicationcommunication

CADCADICTICT

teamworkteamwork

100 %100 %

0 %0 %

Focusing & planning the workbuilding theory on practicebuilding theory on practicedefining the essential steps in researchdefining the essential steps in research

observed problem[s]theoretical limitations [point of departure][measurable & testable] research questionsresearch tasksresearch results[intellectual] contributions to knowledgepractical significance

Schema by Martin Fischer / Stanford CIFESchema by Martin Fischer / Stanford CIFE

Focusing & planning the work

observed problemobserved problem[s][s]architectural working environment has architectural working environment has

changedchangedarchitects rolearchitects role[s][s] in construction process in construction process

have changedhave changed

theoretical limitations theoretical limitations [point of departure][point of departure] focus on architects’ working environmentfocus on architects’ working environment exclude wide AEC-field coverexclude wide AEC-field cover exclude design contentexclude design content

[measurable & testable][measurable & testable] research questions research questions what is the contemporary architectural what is the contemporary architectural

working environment likeworking environment like find ICT-based changesfind ICT-based changes

research tasksliterature & case studiesdelphi-questionnaires [professional & expert reviews]

describe & measure changesresearch results

portrait of contemporary architectural profession

description of new & changed activities



[intellectual] contributions to knowledge modern design practice overview modern design practice overview described change pattern described change pattern (based on cases, (based on cases,

interviews & barometers)interviews & barometers)

practical significance adjusting architects’ activities & work adjusting architects’ activities & work

to contemporary process requirementsto contemporary process requirements applicable research resultsapplicable research results

observed problemobserved problem[s][s] architectural working environment has changedarchitectural working environment has changed architects role has changedarchitects role has changed



Focusing the researchFocusing the researchChanges within Changes within the Architectural Professionthe Architectural ProfessionThe Effects of ICT on Architectural PracticeThe Effects of ICT on Architectural Practice

include exclude & limit architect AEC-field building design urban planning design process actions design theory practice environment[s] hypothetical politics change description wishes, hopes,

aspirations true proved facts loose expectations



Focusing problemFocusing problemChanges within Changes within the Architectural Professionthe Architectural ProfessionThe Effects of ICT on Architectural PracticeThe Effects of ICT on Architectural Practice

[the whole AEC-discipline as a] research topic is too wide

too many new fields to be covered change management organizational sciences, design management economy etc...

not just ICT but also several other [important] contexts professional political interests

low result expectations


tarvitaan elokuvan katselemiseen.Changing Architectural ProfessionChanging Architectural Profession Research ObjectivesResearch Objectives

to form a theoretical framework for ICT-based changes

to test the framework to make the research results

applicable in practice



the nature of changesthe nature of changes

change evolution .. process .. [intended] action Aristotles

change of what ? new things appeared some things disappeared some things are different

managing the change [proactively]

not just following the change [react]

change effects viewer dependable reflect other changed disciplines

Documents

Understanding, measuring, managing Changes within the Architectural Profession Hannu Penttilä HUT architecture The Effects