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Understanding the Link Between Physical Conditions and Biodiversity
Water is one of the most importantresources in the world.
It comes in many forms.
It comes in many forms.It comes in many forms.
It comes in many forms.It comes in many forms.
It comes in many forms.
Fresh Water
Liquid water, is it all the same?
Salt Water
Liquid water, is it all the same?
Brackish Water…water in-between
Liquid water, is it all the same?
Water is divided into these groups basedon the amount of salt contained in it.
The amount of salt is measured in “parts per thousand” or “ppt.”
Water is divided into these groups basedon the amount of salt contained in it.
The amount of salt is measured in “parts per thousand” or “ppt.”
Fresh Water = 0 – 0.5 ppt
Water is divided into these groups basedon the amount of salt contained in it.
The amount of salt is measured in “parts per thousand” or “ppt.”
Fresh Water = 0 – 0.5 ppt
Water is divided into these groups basedon the amount of salt contained in it.
Salt Water = 32 – 37 ppt (averages 35 ppt throughout the world)
The amount of salt is measured in “parts per thousand” or “ppt.”
Fresh Water = 0 – 0.5 ppt
Water is divided into these groups basedon the amount of salt contained in it.
Salt Water = 32 – 37 ppt (averages 35 ppt throughout the world)
Brackish Water = 0.5 – 17 ppt
The amount of salt is measured in “parts per thousand” or “ppt.”
Fresh Water = 0 – 0.5 ppt
All 3 types of aquatic habitats can be found in Virginia!
Water is divided into these groups basedon the amount of salt contained in it.
Salt Water = 32 – 37 ppt (averages 35 ppt throughout the world)
Brackish Water = 0.5 – 17 ppt
Would the same organisms live in all 3 of these habitats?
Would you expect to find different types of organisms living in each of these places?
Would the same organisms live in all 3 of these habitats?
Since different organisms live in each of the different types of aquatic habitats…
Since different organisms live in each of the different types of aquatic habitats…
Since different organisms live in each of the different types of aquatic habitats…
Since different organisms live in each of the different types of aquatic habitats…
Since different organisms live in each of the different types of aquatic habitats…
…Virginia is a great place to live and grow.
It must mean that we have lots of kinds of organisms living in Virginia.
It must mean that we have lots of kinds of organisms living in Virginia.
Different Physical Conditions = Different Habitats
It must mean that we have lots of kinds of organisms living in Virginia.
Different Physical Conditions = Different Habitats
Different Habitats = Different Types of Organisms
It must mean that we have lots of kinds of organisms living in Virginia.
Different Physical Conditions = Different Habitats
Different Habitats = Different Types of Organisms
Different Types of Organisms = Biodiversity
One of the reasons we have so much biodiversity in Virginia is because of the Chesapeake Bay.
Bay is unusual because:
One of the reasons we have so much biodiversity in Virginia is because of the Chesapeake Bay.
It’s relatively young – the Bay, as we know it, is only about 3000 years old.
Bay is unusual because:
One of the reasons we have so much biodiversity in Virginia is because of the Chesapeake Bay.
It’s relatively narrow – only 30 miles wide at its widest point, and 4 miles wide at its narrowest point.
Bay is unusual because:
One of the reasons we have so much biodiversity in Virginia is because of the Chesapeake Bay.
It’s relatively shallow – the average depth is less than 25 feet.
Bay is unusual because:
One of the reasons we have so much biodiversity in Virginia is because of the Chesapeake Bay.
It has a large temperature difference from summer to winter: 34 – 84 F.
Bay is unusual because:
o
One of the reasons we have so much biodiversity in Virginia is because of the Chesapeake Bay.
It is the largest estuary in the United States.
Bay is unusual because:
One of the reasons we have so much biodiversity in Virginia is because of the Chesapeake Bay.
It has a huge watershed covering 64,000 square miles.
Bay is unusual because:
However, the water that comes into the Bay fromall parts of that largewatershed can createproblems.
However, the water that comes into the Bay fromall parts of that largewatershed can createproblems.
1. As you can see in this satellite picture taken after a heavy rain, the water coming into the Bay can carry a lot of sediment that has been washed into rivers and streams by erosion.
2. Fertilizer and pesticides from farms and peoples’ yards also washes into the rivers and streams.
The extra fertilizercauses the algae to grow and reproduce really fast.
The extra fertilizercauses the algae to grow and reproduce really fast.
This, in turn, can cause Eutrophication and dead zones on the bottom.
This is your Bay.
Take care of it!
The Chesapeake Bay is an estuary, which is a place where fresh and salt water mix.
The Chesapeake Bay is an estuary, which is a place where fresh and salt water mix.
The mixing of fresh and salt water creates a large variety of physical conditions in the Bay:
Differences in Salinity
The mixing of fresh and salt water creates a large variety of physical conditions in the Bay:
Differences in Salinity
Differences in Temperature
The mixing of fresh and salt water creates a large variety of physical conditions in the Bay:
Differences in Salinity
Differences in Temperature
Differences in Currents
The mixing of fresh and salt water creates a large variety of physical conditions in the Bay:
This in turn means many types of different organisms can live there.
Differences in Salinity
Differences in Temperature
Differences in Currents
The rivers and streams feeding into the Bay bring fresh water.
The salinity of the Bay therefore depends on the amount of rainfall.
Most of the fresh water comes into the Bay fromthe northern & western rivers, causing the Bay water to be less salty in the north and west areas.
The Bay receives salt water from the AtlanticOcean, causing the Bay water to be more saltycloser to the ocean.
Differences in Salinity
The maps shows the salinity of the water in different seasons and at different locations in the Bay.
Differences in Salinity
Salt water is more dense, or heavier, than fresh water.
Differences in Salinity
Salt water is more dense, or heavier, than fresh water.
Salt water sinks to the bottom.
Differences in Salinity
Salt water is more dense, or heavier, than fresh water.
Salt water sinks to the bottom.
Fresh water rises to the surface.
Differences in Salinity
Salt water is more dense, or heavier, than fresh water.
Salt water sinks to the bottom.
Fresh water rises to the surface.
Salt water moves into the Bay close to the bottom, creating layers.
Differences in Salinity
This forms a salt wedge moving into the Bay. Animals can travel from the ocean into the Bay in this salty layer, allowing for more biodiversity.
Differences in Salinity
Notice the differences in salinity at the different depths in the lower image.The numbers on the scale represent “parts per thousand.”
Differences in Salinity
Because the Chesapeake Bay is so shallow changes in the air temperature cause changes in the water temperature more quickly.The water temperature changes from a high of 84 degrees F in the summerto about 32 degrees F in the winter.
Differences in Temperature
Notice the differences in temperatures in the Bayas shown on these maps.
August, 2003
Differences in Temperature
Notice the differences in temperatures in the Bayas shown on these maps.
February, 2004
Differences in Temperature
Differences in Temperature
Therefore, organisms that live in the Bayhave to be adapted to survive thechanges in temperature…August, 2003 February, 2004
Differences in Temperature
…or they have to be able to migrate.August, 2003 February, 2004
Salt water pushing in from the ocean +
Fresh water coming from the rivers =
Lots of circulation
Differences in Currents
Circulation in the estuary is important becausethe water currents carry:
Plankton
Fish eggs
Shellfish larvae
Sediment
Dissolved oxygen
Nutrients
Differences in Currents
Differences in Currents
Circulation is affected by:
Salinity
Tides
Weather – Wind, Rain, Pressure
Rotation of the Earth
Differences in salinity, temperature, and currents
combine to make the Chesapeake Baya great place for organisms to live.
Differences in salinity, temperature, and currents
combine to make the Chesapeake Baya great place for organisms to live.
Differences in salinity, temperature, and currents
combine to make the Chesapeake Baya great place for organisms to live.
So let’s look at some of those organisms.
Differences in salinity, temperature, and currents
combine to make the Chesapeake Baya great place for organisms to live.
So let’s look at some of those organisms.
Differences in salinity, temperature, and currents
Those organisms belong to the Major Kingdoms of living things:
Monerans
Those organisms belong to the Major Kingdoms of living things:
Monerans
Protists
Those organisms belong to the Major Kingdoms of living things:
Monerans
Protists
Fungi
Those organisms belong to the Major Kingdoms of living things:
Monerans
Protists
Fungi
Plants
Those organisms belong to the Major Kingdoms of living things:
Monerans
Protists
Fungi
Plants
Animals
Those organisms belong to the Major Kingdoms of living things:
Monerans
Protists
Fungi
Plants
Animals
Do members of all of these kingdoms live in theChesapeake Bay?
Those organisms belong to the Major Kingdoms of living things:
Monerans: Bacteria are found everywhere. They help cause decay in the Bay.
Monerans: Bacteria are found everywhere. They help cause decay in the Bay.
Protists: Micro-organisms are an important source of food for many animals in the Bay.
Monerans: Bacteria are found everywhere. They help cause decay in the Bay.
Protists: Micro-organisms are an important source of food for many animals in the Bay.
Fungi: These cause decay of mostly plant matter in the Bay.
Monerans: Bacteria are found everywhere. They help cause decay in the Bay.
Protists: Micro-organisms are an important source of food for many animals in the Bay.
Fungi: These cause decay of mostly plant matter in the Bay.
Plants: Rooted plants, such as Submerged Aquatic Vegetation (SAV) & Cord Grass & some types of algae
provide oxygen and food to many.
Monerans: Bacteria are found everywhere. They help cause decay in the Bay.
Protists: Micro-organisms are an important source of food for many animals in the Bay.
Fungi: These cause decay of mostly plant matter in the Bay.
Plants: Rooted plants, such as Submerged Aquatic Vegetation (SAV) & Cord Grass & some types of algae
provide oxygen and food to many.
Animals: Shellfish (oysters, whelks, etc.), fish, crabs, & birds make up part of the web of consumers in the Bay.
The animal kingdom can be divided into2 large groups based on the animal’s skeleton.
Animals with backbones
Animals with no backbones
Can you tell the difference betweena vertebrate and an invertebratejust by looking at it?
Can you tell the difference betweena vertebrate and an invertebratejust by looking at it?
Be a detective andlook for clues…
Can you tell the difference betweena vertebrate and an invertebratejust by looking at it?
Be a detective andlook for clues…
Is it soft all over?
Does it have a hard shell, but is soft on the inside?
Is it soft on the outside, but hard on the inside?
?
Is it soft all over?
Does it have a hard shell, but is soft on the inside?
Is it soft on the outside, but hard on the inside?
No bones =
?
Is it soft all over?
Does it have a hard shell, but is soft on the inside?
Is it soft on the outside, but hard on the inside?
No bones =
Exoskeleton =
?
Is it soft all over?
Does it have a hard shell, but is soft on the inside?
Is it soft on the outside, but hard on the inside?
No bones =
Exoskeleton =
Bones inside =
?
Now it’s your turn to use your knowledgeand your powers of observation!
You are going to be a
?
