UNDERWATER INSPECTION OF BRIDGES ILLUSTRATED WITH

CASE STUDY

Under the Guidance of C.B.SRINIVAS REDDYC.B.SRINIVAS REDDY Asst.proffesor, Civil Engg. Dept.

Presented By,Manjunatha B3VC06CV009

CONTENTS

INTRODUCTION

FACTOS AFFECTING

METHODS

LEVELS

PROCEDURES

CASE STUDY

CONCLUSION

REFERENCE

WHY UNDER-WATER INSPECTION?

• TO ENSURE SAFE CONDITION OF SUB-STRUCTURE DURING THE COURSE OF ITS LIFE.

•TO DETECT ANY DISTRESSED CONDITION OF SUB-STRUCTURE OUT LIVED OR PRE-MATURE

•TO PREVENT ANY POSSIBLEMISHAP DUE TO STRUCTUREFAILURE BY TIMELY ACTION

WHERE UNDER-WATER INSPECTION IS ESSENTIAL?

•IT IS REQUIRED TO CHECK THE SUBSTRUCTURE OF ALL BRIDGES OVER PERENNIAL RIVERS &BACKWATERS.

• ON BRIDGES WHERE SUBSTRUCTURE CANNOT BE INSPECTED DUE TO SUBMERGING UNDER WATER

WHAT SHALL BE INSPECTED IN UW INSPECTION?

•CAVITY IN MASONRY /CONCRETECAVITY IN MASONRY /CONCRETE•JOINTS IN MASONRY /CONCRETEJOINTS IN MASONRY /CONCRETE

•LOOSE/ MISSING STONE/BRICKS IN MASONRYLOOSE/ MISSING STONE/BRICKS IN MASONRY•WEATHERING OF MASONRYWEATHERING OF MASONRY•EXPOSURE OF REINFORCEMENTEXPOSURE OF REINFORCEMENT

RUST STAINING, CRACKING, SPALLING, RUST STAINING, CRACKING, SPALLING, ABRASION, DISINTEGRATION IN ABRASION, DISINTEGRATION IN CONCRETE STRUCTURESCONCRETE STRUCTURES

BULGING IN SUB STRUCTUREBULGING IN SUB STRUCTURE STEEL WORKSSTEEL WORKS

--CI PIPES--CI PIPES-- STEEL CAISSONS-- STEEL CAISSONS-- SCREW PILES-- SCREW PILES

WHAT SHALL BE INSPECTED IN UW INSPECTION?WHAT SHALL BE INSPECTED IN UW INSPECTION? ((CONTD)CONTD)

Anerobic Bacterial GrowthAnerobic Bacterial Growth

Scaling of concreteScaling of concrete

Spalling of concreteSpalling of concrete

Disintegration of concreteDisintegration of concrete

Deep CavitationDeep Cavitation

WHO WILL DO UNDER-WATER INSPECTION?

• ONLY WELL TRAINED PERSONNELONLY WELL TRAINED PERSONNEL

•PRACTICAL PROBLEM IS THAT IN MAJORITY OF THE CASES ONLY EXPERT DIVERS ARE USED BUT THEY WILL NOT HAVE ANY EXPERTISE IN CIVIL/ BRIDGE ENGG.

WHAT IS LAID DOWN IN OUR CODES ON THIS TOPIC?

•CODES INCLUDING IRBM’98 IS SAILENT ABOUT THIS ASPECT

•AFTER TRAGIC KADALUNDI ACCIDENT, BASED ON CCRS RECOMMENDATIONS, RDSO HAS BROUGHT OUT BS-40 GUIDE LINES FOR UNDERWATER INSPECTION OF BRIDGES DURING THE YEAR 2001.

WHEN TO CONDUCT UNDERWATER INSPECTION?

•BS-40 SUGGESTS DURING THE PERIOD OF LOW WATER OR LOW POLLUTION LEVELS OR GOOD VISIBILITY (UNDER)

• 20% OF UNDERWATER UNITS FOR EACH BRIDGE SELECTED RANDOMLY SHOULD BE INSPECTED. THE RANDOM INSPECTION SHOULD BE MADE IN SUCH A WAY THAT ENTIRE STRUCTURE IS COVERED IN 5 YEARS

METHODS OF PERFORMING UNDER-WATER INSPECTION

2.SCUBA -SELF CONTAINED UNDERWATER BREATHING APPRATUS

3. SURFACE SUPPLIED AIR DIVING OR MIXED GAS DIVING4.DEEP SEA DIVING – NOT USED FOR BRIDGE INSPECTION

SCUBA DIVING

•SCUBA DIVER IS PROVIDED WITH PORTABLE AIR SUPPLY & IS CONNECTED TO SURFACE THROUGH AN UMBILICAL CABLE

•MIN.EQUIPMENT ARE SCUBA, LIFE PRESERVER,WEIGHT BELT, KNIFE,FACE MASK AND SWIM FINS

1.WADING INSPECTION – BASIC, REGULAR METHID OF INSPECTION – PROBING/SOUNDING ROD

……. CONTD SCUBA DIVING)

•IS SUITED WHEN MANY DIVES OF SHORT DURATION ARE NEEDED & MOBILITY IS THE PRIME CONSIDERATION

•MERITS ARE RAPID DEPLOYMENT, PORTABILITY, MIN. SUPPORT AND EXCELLENT MOBILITY

•DEMERITS ARE DEPTH LIMITATION, MIN.AIR SUPPLY LACK OF VOICE COMMUNICATION FROM SURFACE

•MAX. SUSTAINED TIME AND DEPTH IS ONE HOUR @18 M

•DIVING TEAM SHOULD HAVE 3 MEN & BOAT IS REQUIRED

SURFACE SUPPLIED AIR DIVINGSURFACE SUPPLIED AIR DIVING

AIR IS SUPPLIED TO THE DIVER THROUGH AIR IS SUPPLIED TO THE DIVER THROUGH UMBILICIL HOSES, CONNECTED TO THE UMBILICIL HOSES, CONNECTED TO THE SURFACE AIR COMPRESSOR TANKSURFACE AIR COMPRESSOR TANK

COMMUNICATION CABLE, LIFE LINE, COMMUNICATION CABLE, LIFE LINE, PNEUMATIC FATHOMETER ARE ATTACHED TO PNEUMATIC FATHOMETER ARE ATTACHED TO THE DIVERTHE DIVER

SUITED FOR IN ADVERSE CONDITION – HIGH SUITED FOR IN ADVERSE CONDITION – HIGH STREAM VELOCITY, POLLUTED/TURBID WATER STREAM VELOCITY, POLLUTED/TURBID WATER AND LONG DURATION/DETAILED INSPECTIONAND LONG DURATION/DETAILED INSPECTION

UNLIMITED AIR SUPPLYUNLIMITED AIR SUPPLY SUSTAINED TIME – 60 MINUTES AT 18m DEPTH SUSTAINED TIME – 60 MINUTES AT 18m DEPTH

• IS 10291-1982 LAID DOWN – QUALIFICATION OF DIVERS AND SUPERVISORS

– SAFEGUARDS FOR THEIR WORKING

• MINIMUM AGE 18 YEARS

• FITNESS BY DOCTOR IN LAST SIX MONTHS

• FITNESS TESTED FOR WORK AT REQUIRED DEPTH OR EQUIVALENT PRESSURE IN COMPRESSION CHAMBER

• KNOWLEDGE OF DIVING SIGNALS

• TRAINED FOR WORK IN NO VISIBILITY CONDITIONS AND 0.6M DEPTH OF MUD AND CONDUCT SEARCH ETC.

SAFEGUARDS FOR THEIR WORKING

• GOOD PHISIQUE,CAPABLE OF SUSTAINING STRAIN• FREE FROM CARDIAC PROBLEM• FREE FROM MID EAR PROBLEM ETC• NOT ADDICTED TO ALCOHOL AND EXCESS SMOKING• MORE THAN 45 YEARS NOT BE EMPLOYED FOR DEEP

DIVING • SELECT AGE >30YEARS FOR TRAINING• DIVERS DRESS,HELMET,COMPRESSED AIR AND

ACCESSORIES• STANDARD EQUIPMENTS

……. CONTD SCUBA DIVING & SAFE GUARDS FOR DIVERS)

• VIDEO CAMERAS /CLOSE CIRCUIT TV CAMERAS AND TV MONITOR

• TELEMETRY LINK TO OPERATE CAMERA

• COMMUNICATION SYSTEM WITH AMPLIFIER AND LOUD SPEAKERS ETC

• UNDERWATER LAMP/HEAD LAMP

TOOLS REQUIRED

TYPES OF INSPECTION AND INTENSITY TYPES OF INSPECTION AND INTENSITY LEVELSLEVELS

LEVEL I-VISUAL,TACTILE INSPECTION(ROUTINE INSPECTION)LEVEL I-VISUAL,TACTILE INSPECTION(ROUTINE INSPECTION) LEVEL II-DETAILED INSPECTION WITH PARTIAL CLEANINGLEVEL II-DETAILED INSPECTION WITH PARTIAL CLEANING LEVEL III-HIGHLY DETAILED INSPECTION WITH NDTLEVEL III-HIGHLY DETAILED INSPECTION WITH NDT

LEVEL I-INSPECTIONLEVEL I-INSPECTION GENERAL VISUAL ROUTINE INSPECTIONGENERAL VISUAL ROUTINE INSPECTION COVERED OVER EXTERIOR SURFACECOVERED OVER EXTERIOR SURFACE PROBING OVER SUBSTRUCTURE AND STREAMBEDPROBING OVER SUBSTRUCTURE AND STREAMBED TO DETERMINE THE NEED FOR LEVEL II/III INSPECTIONTO DETERMINE THE NEED FOR LEVEL II/III INSPECTION

TYPES OF INSPECTION (Contd..)TYPES OF INSPECTION (Contd..)

LEVEL II INSPECTIONLEVEL II INSPECTION TO BE CONDUCTED BASED ON REPORT OF LEVEL I TO BE CONDUCTED BASED ON REPORT OF LEVEL I

INSPECTIONINSPECTION NEEDS CLEANING OF STRUCTURAL ELEMENTNEEDS CLEANING OF STRUCTURAL ELEMENT DETAILED INVESTIGATION OF SELECTED COMPONENTS DETAILED INVESTIGATION OF SELECTED COMPONENTS ATLEAST 20% OF ALL UNDERWATER ELEMENTS TO BE ATLEAST 20% OF ALL UNDERWATER ELEMENTS TO BE

COVEREDCOVERED SIMPLE INSTRUMENTS –CALIPPERSE AND SCALE TO SIMPLE INSTRUMENTS –CALIPPERSE AND SCALE TO

IDENTIFY EXTENT AND SEVERITY OF DAMAGEIDENTIFY EXTENT AND SEVERITY OF DAMAGE

TYPES OF INSPECTION (Contd..)TYPES OF INSPECTION (Contd..)

LEVEL III INSPECTIONLEVEL III INSPECTION HIGHLY DETAILED INSPECTION OF A CRITICAL HIGHLY DETAILED INSPECTION OF A CRITICAL

STRUCTURE OF STRUCTURAL ELEMENTSTRUCTURE OF STRUCTURAL ELEMENT INCLUDES EXTENSIVE CLEANING, DETAILED INCLUDES EXTENSIVE CLEANING, DETAILED

MEASUREMENTMEASUREMENT

SELECTED NDT/PARTIALLY DISTRUCTIVE TESTING SELECTED NDT/PARTIALLY DISTRUCTIVE TESTING SUCH AS ULTRASONIC, SAMPLE CORING, IN-SITU SUCH AS ULTRASONIC, SAMPLE CORING, IN-SITU HARDNESS TESTING Etc..HARDNESS TESTING Etc..

REQUIRES MORE EXPERINCE AND TRAINING REQUIRES MORE EXPERINCE AND TRAINING

UNDERWATER INSPECTION PROCEDUREUNDERWATER INSPECTION PROCEDURE

INTIAL INSPECTION REQUIRES CAREFUL INTIAL INSPECTION REQUIRES CAREFUL PLANNINGPLANNING

PRIOR SITE SURVEY FOR SELECTION OF PRIOR SITE SURVEY FOR SELECTION OF INSPECTION METHODS, TYPE AND INSPECTION METHODS, TYPE AND INTENSITY LEVEL, EQUIPEMENT REQUIREDINTENSITY LEVEL, EQUIPEMENT REQUIRED

REVIEW OF AVAILABLE RECORDS AND REVIEW OF AVAILABLE RECORDS AND PAST HISTORYPAST HISTORY

AVAILABILITY OF TOOLS AND PLANTSAVAILABILITY OF TOOLS AND PLANTS ABILITY/QUALIFICATION OF DIVING TEAMABILITY/QUALIFICATION OF DIVING TEAM SCOUR INVESTIGATIONSCOUR INVESTIGATION INSPECTION OF SUB STRUCTUREINSPECTION OF SUB STRUCTURE

PROCEDURE OF UNDER-WATER INSPECTION BY DIVERS

LIST &CHECK THE WORKING OF ALL TOOLS &EQUIPMENT•BOATS & LIFE PRESERVERS AS REQUIRED•CAMERAS•INSPECTION DOCUMENTS, PAPER,CLIP BOARD &PENCILS•CONCRETE OR STEEL TOOL KIT AS APPLICABLE•SOUNDING EQUIPMENT &MARKING PENCILS(FOR SCOUR)•SAFETY EQUIPMENT(ROPES, BUOYS&MANNED SAFETY BOAT)PROCEDURE FOR CHECKING PIERS FORMED OF PILES

•TWO DIVERS TO INSPECT SAME PILE.•IF VISIBILITY IS POOR, PUT LIGHT CLOSE AND INSPECT DIFFERENT FACES AND TURN LATER TO UNINSPECTED SIDEPROCEDURE FOR CONCRETE PIERS

•INSPECT CONDITION OF CONCRETE. TAKE PHOTOS AS REQD•MEASURE DIMENSIONS OF SPALLS &RECORD LOCATION•INSPECT CRACKS AND MEASURE SIZE, LENGTH&LOCATION

DOCUMENTAION OF THE RESULTS OF U/W INSPECTION

•RECORD THE RESULTS OF UNDER-WATER INSPECTION IN THE PROFORMA PRESCIBED IN ANNEXURE-II,III&IV OF BS-40 “GUIDE LINES FOR U/W INSPECTION ISSUED BY RDSO

ACTION TO BE TAKEN ON RESULTS OF U/W INSPECTION

•MINOR DEFECTS– SUCH AS CRACKSMINOR DEFECTS– SUCH AS CRACKS

-AQUA RESINS FOR GROUTING REPLACING WATER-AQUA RESINS FOR GROUTING REPLACING WATER

–CRACK >6mm sand with grouting resinsCRACK >6mm sand with grouting resins

–SPECIAL GROUTING EQUIPMENTSSPECIAL GROUTING EQUIPMENTS

• PREPARATION OF SURFACE BY WATER JET AT HIGH PRESSURE

• APPLYING THICK COAT OF EPOXY RESIN ON THE PREPARED SURFACE FOR BONDING

• EPOXY MORTAR

SPALLING OF CONCRETE

• JACKETING BY SHOTCRETE/GUNITE LAYER OF 75MM THICKNESS OR SO

• SHOTCRETE RING IS PREPARED ABOVE LOW WATER LEVEL AND LOWERED UPTO BOTTOM

• ANNULAR SPACE IS SUBSEQUENTLY GROUTED WITH MORTAR DISPLACING WATER

REPAIR TECHNIQUES

FOR CONCRETE PILES

• TREMIE CONCRETE• BOTTOM OPENING SKIP BOX• BAGGED CONCRETE• GROUT INJECTION OF PREPLACED AGGREGATE

REPAIR BY UNDERWATER CONCRETING

CASE STUDY OF Br. No.1201 ON SRR-MAQ S.Rly SECTION ON

BRIDGE No.1201 AT Km.837/100-500 ON DOWN LINEON RIVER PYSAVALI WITH SPAN 3 x 30.48+ 18 x 15.24

•1ST 3 SPANS ARE 100’ON RIVETTED UNDERSLUNG GIRDERS

SUPER STRUCTURE – RIVETTED STEEL GIRDERS PLATE

• NEXT 18 SPANS ARE 40’ RIVETTTED PLATE GIRDERS

BEARINGS- 1ST 3 SPANS – ROCKER & ROLLER TYPE REST ALL – CENTRALLY ARTICULATED

SUB-STRUCTURE

PIERS 1,2,3, 5,7,9,11,13,15,17,19 & A1 AND A2 ON CR MASONRY

PIERS REST 4,6,8,10,12,14,16,18 AND 20 ARE MASS CONCRETE

FOUNDATION

WELL FOUNDATION WITH TWIN CIRCULAR MASONRY WELL

HISTORY OF THE BRIDGE

1.BRIDGE WAS BUILT IN 1906 AS 12 X 30.48 M UNDER SLUNG RIVETTED PLATE STEEL GIRDER BRIDGE ON ROCKER AND ROLLER BEARINGS, ON CRS MASONRY PIERS WITH STONE MASONRY TWIN CIRCULAR WELLS

2. DURING 1960-1970, THOUGH CLEAR RECORDS ARE NOT AVAILABLE, 9 SPANS FROM 4TH TO 12TH ARE DIVIDED AS 2 EACH MAKING BRIDGE AS 3x 30.48+18x 15.24 WITH 18 SPANS WITH RIVETTED PLATE GIRDERS BY PROVIDING 9 ADDITIONAL MASS CONCRETE PIERS ON CR MASONRY TWIN CIRCULAR WELL FOUNDATION

OBSERVATIONS PRIOR TO IDENTIFICATION OF PROBLEM ON Br1201

•FREQUENT ATTENTION TO CROSS-LEVEL NEAR P4•(Right Rail low)

• FREQUENT MIS-ALIGNMENT ON-TO ONE SIDE

• NON-RETENTION OF RECTIFIED CROSS-LEVEL & ALIGNMENT

ACTION TAKEN ON THE OBSERVATIONS

• INITIALLY FORTNIGHTLY THEN WEEKLY RECORDING OF PARAMETERS DONE. ON GETTING PROGRESSIVE CHANGE UNDER- WATER INSPECTION WAS ORDERED

• ON 20.02.2002 DIVERS INSPECTED THE SUB-STRUCTURE & REPORTED THAT RH WELL STEINING OF P4 HAS A CAVITY 1.25 x 0.75 x 0.50 SIZE ON EAST SIDE JUST BELOW WELL CAP

CONFIRMATION OF PROBLEM (IN MARCH-APRIL2002)

•SUBSEQUENT TO THE REPORT BY DEPARTMENTAL DIVERS EXPERT FROM CBE/O/MAS, SSE/BR &DIVER WAS CALLED AND CAVITY AND ITS SIZE WAS GOT CONFIRMED.

PROGRAM FOR RECTIFICATION OF THE CAVITY

•BASED ON INSTRUCTIONS FROM CBE (HQ), DIVISION HAS CALLED TENDER FOR MICRO CONCRETING WORK UNDER WATER AND FIXED UP AN AGENCY BY 12.03.2003

•M/S DYANSOURE TREATMENT, MUMBAI IS THE AGENCY

•MICRO CONCERETING WITH ANTI-WAHSABLE, ANTI-SHRINKABLE PROPERTY USING RENDEROC UW OF FOSROC MAKE WAS ORDERED IN THE AGREEMENT ALONG WITH VIDEOGRAPHY OF UNDER WATER WORK

TECHNICAL DETAILS OF MICRO-CONCRETING

•RENDEROC UW(UW STANDS FOR UNDER WATER) OF FOSROC MAKE IS A READY TO USE DRY POWDER, A MIXTURE OF PROCESSED CEMENT WITH ADDITIVES AND FINE AGGREGATES, WHICH IMPART IT CONTOLLED EXPANSION,WATER REDUCTION AND NON-WASHABLE PROPERTIES. THIS IS PACKED IN25 kg BAGS AND DOSAGE PER YIELD IS 14.5 LITRES PER 25 KG AT W/P 0.22 •MICRO CONCRETE IS EXPECTED TO GIVE A CRUSHING STRENGTH OF 30 N/MM2 AFTER 7 DAYS

RENDEROC UW CAN BE USED IN ONE POUR FOR THICKNESS UPTO 150 MM. FOR MORE, STONE AGGREGATE OF 2 TO 10 MM GRADED SHALL BE USED AT 1:1 RATIO

•5.5 LITRES OF WATER IS TO BE ADDED FOR 25 KG BAG OF RENDEROC UW.& CONCRETE MIXER TO BE USED FOR MIX

•RENDEROC PLUG IS THE PRODUCT USED TO SEAL JOINTS

AGENCY’S INPUTS FOR MICRO CONCRETING

MANPOWER FROM CONTRACTOR’S SIDE

•ONE CIVIL ENGINERING GRADUATE AS SITE ENGINEER•ONE DIVER MATE (EX-NAVY) FOR MONITORING DIVING•ONE EXPERT DIVER, 2 DIVERS & 1 ASST. DIVER•APART FROM ABOVE, 1 BOAT AND 12 MEN ENGAGED AS AND WHEN NEEDED FOR CONCRETING LOCALLY

TOOLS & EQUIPMENT USED BY CONTRACTOR

•AIR COMPRESSOR & DIESEL GENERATOR ALOGN WITH 3 DIVING EQUIPMENT•VIDEO CAMERA FOR USING UNDER WATER, RECORDER WITH DISPLAY UNITMATERIALS USED FOR THE WORK

160 NO.S OF 25 KG RENDEROC UW BAGS, 20 NO.S OF PLUGIN 5 KG BAGS, 200 No.S 25 KG 6MM AGGREGATE BAGS ETC

MODUS OPERANDI OF MICRO CONCRETING

•PHASE-1-INITIAL INSPECTION AND VIDEO RECORDING

•PHASE-2-CLEANING AND PREPARATION OF SURFACE

•PHASE-3 – ASSESSMENT OF QUANTITY

•PHASE-4 – SHUTTERING / FIXATION OF FORM WORK

•PHASE – 5 – MICRO CONCRETING

•SAND BAGS WERE USED TO SUPPORT SHUTTERING•MS ANGLES AND TIES WERE USED TO SUPPORT GI SHUTTER•JOINT BETWEEN SHUTTER SHEET AND STRUCTURE WAS SEALED WITH RENDEROC PLUG•TREMIE WAS MANUFACTURED WITH PLASTIC HOSE PIPE FOR POURING CONCRETE INTO CAVITY. COMPACTION WAS DONE USING RODS. DIVERS ENSURED PROPER PLACEMENT• CONCRETING COMPLETED IN 3 DAYS

EXPERIENCES AND SUGGESTIONS

•RENDEROC UW IS GOOD FOR UNDERWATER CONCRETING

•DIVERS WERE GOOD IN DIVING JOB BUT THEY HAVE VERY LITTLE KNOWLEDGE OF CIVIL/BRIDGE ENGINEERING

•SHUTTERING /POURING TECHNIQUES USED BY THE FIRM ARE NOT VERY SATISFACTORY & TO BE UPGRADED

•VIDEO RECORDING IS NOT ABLE TO THROW LIGHT FOR THE PURPOE, IT IS INTENDED. LOCATIONS SHALL BE GIVEN WITH METAL STRIP LIKE IDENTIFICATION MARKS•AN ACTUAL 7 DAY CRUSHING STRENGTH OF 44 M/MM2 WAS ACTUALLY ACHIEVED AGAINST ANTICIPATED 30 N•COST CAN BE BROUGHT DOWN WITH WIDE USE OF THESEPRODUCTS.

•PERFORMANCE TILL DATE IS SATISFACTORY.

CONCLUSIONSCONCLUSIONS

SYSTEMATIC AND SCIENTIFIC UNDERWARTER SYSTEMATIC AND SCIENTIFIC UNDERWARTER BRIDGE INSPECTION ARE VERY IMPORTANT IN BRIDGE INSPECTION ARE VERY IMPORTANT IN BRIDGE MAINTENANCE AND MANAGEMENTBRIDGE MAINTENANCE AND MANAGEMENT

THE SIGNIFICINT DAMAGE ENCOUNTER TO THE THE SIGNIFICINT DAMAGE ENCOUNTER TO THE BRIDGE CAN BE AVOIDED BY CARRYING OUT BRIDGE CAN BE AVOIDED BY CARRYING OUT UNDERWATER INSPECTION IN TIMEUNDERWATER INSPECTION IN TIME

List of underwater inspection agenciesList of underwater inspection agencies

1. M/s Infrastructure 1211, 12th Street, dresser@infrastru1. M/s Infrastructure 1211, 12th Street, dresser@infrastru

Engineers inc. St.Cloud FL 34769, cureengineers.com,USA.Engineers inc. St.Cloud FL 34769, cureengineers.com,USA.

Ph – 407-957-1650Ph – 407-957-1650 2. M/s Marine 5030 Old Kings 2. M/s Marine 5030 Old Kings MescoDive@aol.com

Engineering Road NW,Engineering Road NW,System Co.Inc Jacksonville,System Co.Inc Jacksonville,FL32254 USA.FL32254 USA. 3. M/s Mainstream 322 C, C.Lowry info@mainstre3. M/s Mainstream 322 C, C.Lowry info@mainstre

Commercial Drive, P.O.Box amdivers.comDivers Inc. No.1426, MurrayCommercial Drive, P.O.Box amdivers.comDivers Inc. No.1426, Murray

K.Y.42071, USA,Ph 270-753-9654K.Y.42071, USA,Ph 270-753-9654 4. M/s W J Castle P.O.Box 586, bcastle@wjca & Associates Lumberton NJ 4. M/s W J Castle P.O.Box 586, bcastle@wjca & Associates Lumberton NJ

stlegroup.comstlegroup.com

08048, USAPh-609-261-2268 Fax-609-261-342208048, USAPh-609-261-2268 Fax-609-261-3422

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