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UNECE
The place of usual residence and the total population:
national practices in the 2000 round and comments on the recommendations
Paolo ValenteSocial and Demographic Statistics
Section UN Economic Commission for Europe -
Statistical Division
ECE Work Session on Population Censuses Geneva, 23-25 November 2004
UNECE
Place of usual residenceGeneral concept and
definition
In the 2000 recommendations, it is defined as the place where the person
“spends most of his/her daily night-rest”
UNECE
Place of usual residenceDifficult groups
A list of “difficult groups” was given, including:
- persons who maintain more than one residence
- students living in a residence for part of the year and
elsewhere during vacations
- persons who live away from home during the working
week and return at weekends
(and other groups...)
UNECE
Place of usual residenceDifficult groups
For these “difficult groups”, the general definition was still valid, with the additional clarification: “For persons with a spouse/partner and/or children, the usual residence should be that at which they spend the majority of the time with their family”
UNECE
Place of usual residenceDifficult groups
Special “difficult group”: nomads, homeless and roofless persons.
According to the recommendations, they had to be considered “as usually resident where they are enumerated”
UNECE
Place of usual residence Results of the ECE
questionnaire
Large majority of countries reported that they complied with the recommended definition/concept of usual residence
BUT
High variability in the treatment of “difficult groups”
UNECE
Place of usual residence Treatment of “difficult
groups”
For instance:
Students: in half of the countries counted at college, in half of the countries counted at home
Persons who left the place/country temporarily: some countries set maximum length of the absence (3 or 6 months), other have no limit
In general: inconsistent application of the recommendation on “priority to family place”
UNECE
Place of usual residence Double and undercounting
problems
For many of the “difficult groups”, countries reported double and undercounting problems Double counting reported for:
- students (counted at college and at home)- persons with multiple residences- persons in institutions- children of divorced parents
UNECE
Place of usual residence Double and undercounting
problems
Undercounting reported for:
- young and mobile persons (in particular people living alone and males)
- persons temporarily absent- immigrants (especially recent and illegal)- homeless
UNECE
Place of usual residence 2010 recommendations (1/2)
Keep the same concept of usual residence (the place where most of the night rest is spent) and better define the “time frame”. Ex.: “the place where the person spent most of the nights [or most of the time] in the last year”
UNECE
Place of usual residence 2010 recommendations
(2/2)
For “difficult groups”: 1) revise list of groups2) define clearer rules for each group3) discuss the “priority to family place”
Specific instructions for countries using registers?
UNECE
Total population
Many different concepts of total population can be defined and used for various purposes.
For censuses, the two most common concepts are:1) the total usually resident population 2) the total present population
UNECE
Total populationDefinition in 2000 recommendations
The 2000 recommendations were based on “total usually resident population”
Persons had to be counted at their place of usual residence, or the information had to be “transferred” to their place of usual residence
UNECE
Total population Definition in 2000 recommendations
List of special groups to be included in the total usually resident population:- nomads- various categories of persons temporarily absent- refugees- homelessand others...
UNECE
Total population Definition in 2000 recommendations
List of special groups NOT to be included in the total usually resident population:- various categories of foreigners temporarily present in the country- asylum seekers
UNECE
Total population Results of the ECE
questionnaire
Large majority of countries reported that they complied with the recommended concept of total usually resident population
Three countries took a “de facto” census
UNECE
Total population Results of the ECE
questionnaire
BUT: Problems with “special groups”
- Nomads WERE NOT included in 18 countries- Refugees WERE NOT included in 14 countries
- Asylum seekers WERE included in 22 countries
UNECE
Total population 2010 recommendations
Maintain the same concept of total usually resident population, but try to better harmonize the treatment of various special groups:- refugees- nomads- asylum seekers- undocumented immigrants? (not mentioned in the 2000 rec.) - students studying abroad? (pres. by Eurostat)