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UNESCO and Open Access policy development
Alma SwanKey Perspectives Ltd,
OASIS,Enabling Open Scholarship
UNESCO Open Access Forum, Paris, 22-23 November 2011
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Where are we?
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OA content accumulation
13,9
13,7
10,6
8,1
7
5,6
5,5
4,8
3
7,8
6,2
4,6
17,5
25,9
17,9
7,4
13,6
20,5
0 10 20 30 40
Medicine
Biochemistry, genetics, molecularbiology
Other areas related to medicine
Mathematics
Earth sciences
Social sciences
Chemistry and Chemicalengineering
Engineering
Physics and astronomy
OA journals ('gold' OA)
OA repositories ('green' OA)
% articles that are Open Access
(N = c1850 articles)
Data: Bjork et al, 2010
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Levels of OA in repositories by subject
0510152025303540
% literature that is OA
Data: Yassine Gargouri and Stevan Harnad
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Funder mandates
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Institutional mandates
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The last 18 months: European funders
EuroHORCs: mandatory requirements in all grant agreementsEuropean Research Council (cross-disciplinary): mandate on all funded projectsSwedish Research Council FormasTelethon ItalyCongreso de los Diputados, SpainSpanish General State AdministrationEUR-OCEANs Consortium (ocean ecosystems)EPSRC (UK)
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The last 18 months: Other funders worldwide
International Development Research Center (Canada)Dunhill Medical Trust (UK)Heart & Stroke Foundation of CanadaWorld Bank
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The next 18 months
European Commission: 100% of the FP8 (Horizon 2020) programme
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The arguments
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Benefits to providers of OA
VisibilityUsageImpact (academic, economic, societal, individual, institutional)
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Benefits to users
There is a need
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University Open Access repositories
Repository Full‐text items
Downloads per month
ORBi (Univ Liege, Belgium) 40,000 45,000USIR (Univ Salford, UK)) 1,500 25,000School of Electronics & Computer Science (Univ Southampton, UK)
6,000 30,000
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PubMed Central
2 million full-text articles420,000 unique users per day:• 25% universities• 17% companies• 18% government and others• 40% citizens
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Benefits to users
There is a (general) needBenefits to many particular constituenciesBenefits to societyBenefits to development
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UNESCO Policy GuidelinesDefine Open AccessExplain aspirations within the definitionRoutes to OAImportance & benefitsBusiness modelsRightsStrategies to achieve OAPolicy frameworkGuide to developing policy (including typology)
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A policy typologyType Rights Waiver Deposit Embargo Example
1 Assigned to publisher
No Immediate On full‐text (not metadata)
Liege
2(a) Authors assign to institution
Yes Immediate Usually (as in Type 1)
Harvard
2(b) Institution already holds
rights
Yes Immediate Usually (as in Type 1)
QUT
3(a) Notaddressed
Yes Specified Policymaker‐specified
Wellcome Trust
3(b) Not addressed
No Specified Publisher‐specified
Many
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UNESCO’s participation in OA
Very welcome partner in OA advocacySome promising ideasHas a significant mandate with respect to the right to knowledgeCan be influential with key stakeholders
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Areas for actionPartnerships:• Capacity building• Advocacy• Policy development• Strategic developments in the Open AgendaLeadership – own policyContribute to the evidence base
