Catch-Up Program 2008

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Heritage HouseLuang Prabang

UNESCO's World Heritage Site

Integrated Conservation Integrated Conservation –– DevelopmentDevelopment

Jean‐Christophe Castella

Preserving Preserving LuangLuang Prabang’sPrabang’s natural and cultural heritages natural and cultural heritages in a time of rapid socioeconomic changesin a time of rapid socioeconomic changes

in the Nam Khan Watershed, Lao PDRin the Nam Khan Watershed, Lao PDR

Jean-Christophe CastellaKim Valakone

Linkham Douangsavanh

National Protected AreaNam Et ‐ Phu Loei

LandscapeMosaicsProject

Conservation

Development

Nam Khan River: 260 km long, running into the Mekong in Luang PrabangCatchment area: 7 200 km2 covers 3 provinces  and 8 districtsAltitude: 280 m to 1535 m asl (with 2 mountains at 2250 masl)Nam Et – Phu Loei NPA: 3 000 km2 core zone

Catch-Up Program 2008

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Nam Khan Eco-valley Program• 1993 Establishment Phu Loei – Nam Et National Biodiversity

Conservation Area (NBCA) later changed into NPA.

• 1995 Luang Prabang: nominated UNESCO Word Heritage for “outstanding universal value”, founded in the harmonious relationship between the natural and built environment

• 2005 Candidate to UNESCO's Man and the Biosphere (MAB) Programme – stresses protecting natural and cultural environment while creating development opportunities for local communities.g p pp

• Collaborative program since 2004-> to document natural and cultural diversity

• Towards a watershed management committee-> to preserve natural and cultural diversity

PART1: DIVERSITY OF CULTURES AND NATURES IN THE

NAM KHAN WATERSHED (NKW)

Chapter 1. What makes the NKW a natural heritage?

Biogeographic approach: characterizing the diversity of natural and human environments from landscape to watershed scales.environments from landscape to watershed scales.

Fallow

Fallow

Teak

Ray

Old Forest

Young Forest

Land Use Type

% of total land cover Biodiversitycoefficient

OldForest

OF = 0 0

0 < OF < 10 % 1

10 % < OF < 25 % 2

25 % < OF 4

Old forest Young forest Fallow Ray Paddy Teak15% 15 % 30 % 30 % 0 % 10 %

Water

YoungForest

YF = 0 0

0 < YF < 10 % 1

10 % < YF < 25 % 2

25 % < YF 4

Fallow …

Catch-Up Program 2008

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012

34567

89

10

40 50 60

Nam Khan sup

3

45

67

89

10 Xiang Ngeun – Luang Prabang

3

45

67

89

10

Sopchoun - Pakxa

pk 0pk 0

Biodiversity along the Nam Khan River

Strategic Environmental Assessment

012

34567

89

10

40 50 60

Nam Khan sup012

34567

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10

40 50 60

Nam Khan sup

3

45

67

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10 Xiang Ngeun – Luang Prabang

345

67

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10 Xiang Ngeun – Luang Prabang

3

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Sopchoun - Pakxa

3

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10

Sopchoun - Pakxa

78

910

Sopkhao - Pakvang

01

23

45

67

89

10

0 10 20

Nam Khao

10

D kh S h8

910

Pakxa – Xiang Ngeun

01

2

220 230 240 250 260 012

160 170 180 190 200 210

pk 120pk 260

pk 162

pk 99

Luang Prabang•

Xiang Ngeun•

Dunkhan•

•Pakxa

•Sopchoun

•Pakvang

pk 201

pk 224

pk 44

•Sopkhao

pk 120pk 260

pk 162

pk 99

Luang Prabang•

Xiang Ngeun•

Dunkhan•

•Pakxa

•Sopchoun

•Pakvang

pk 201

pk 224

pk 44

•Sopkhao

78

910

Sopkhao - Pakvang

78

910

Sopkhao - Pakvang

01

23

45

67

89

10

0 10 20

Nam Khao

01

23

45

67

89

10

0 10 20

Nam Khao

10

D kh S h10

D kh S h8

910

Pakxa – Xiang Ngeun8

910

Pakxa – Xiang Ngeun

01

2

220 230 240 250 260012

220 230 240 250 260 012

160 170 180 190 200 210012

160 170 180 190 200 210

01

2345

6

50 60 70 80 90 100

01

23

456

78

9

120 130 140 150 160 170

Dunkhan - Sopchoun

01

23

456

78

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0 10 20

Nam Ti

01

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7

200 210 220 230

01

2345

6

50 60 70 80 90 10001

2345

6

50 60 70 80 90 100

01

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456

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9

120 130 140 150 160 170

Dunkhan - Sopchoun

01

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9

120 130 140 150 160 170

Dunkhan - Sopchoun

01

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0 10 20

Nam Ti

01

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Nam Ti

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200 210 220 23001

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200 210 220 230

Biodiversity

PART1: DIVERSITY OF CULTURES AND NATURES IN THE

NAM KHAN WATERSHED (NKW)

Chapter 2. Patterns of human settlements and social interactions

Socioeconomic approach: history of human settlements, migrations, social d h h dand economic interactions across the watershed.

LUANG PRABANG

Long Letroad

Highland village

Highland village

Nam Khan

HouayYen

Tin Pha

Nong Dimarket access

village

Downstream village

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PART1: DIVERSITY OF CULTURES AND NATURES IN THE

NAM KHAN WATERSHED (NKW)

Chapter 3. Evolving relations between cultures and natures

Anthropological approach: relations between ethnic groups and with their natural environments, traditional land management systems and local knowledge.

Chapter 4. Changes in landscapes and livelihoods

Drivers of land use/cover changes are analyzed as interacting natural and human factors that have impact on landscape mosaics.

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Chapter 4. Changes in landscapes and livelihoods

Drivers of land use/cover changes are analyzed as interacting natural and human factors that have impact on landscape mosaics.

Data Base 

• Aerial pictures 1998

• Quick Bird Image 2005

• Spot Image 2006

DStop Shifting Cultivation-Livestock

CAP

ITA

L

Chapter 5. Changes in NRM practices and farming systems differentiation

Tend to modify the interactions between local populations and natural environments and to increase agrodiversity.

B

C

D

Livestock

Plantation

Cultivation

Capital and Land

Lot of capital, regular income

-Commercial crop-Perennial plantation-Off-farm income

-Fixed Rotation Cropping-Livestock-Commercial crop-Perennial plantation

-Fixed Rotation Cropping

A Shifting Cultivation

Livestock

Rice surplus

TIME1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2008

-Livestock

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PART2: PRESERVING ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES IN THE

NAM KHAN WATERSHED

Chapter 6. Biodiversity

Assessing the sustainability of shifting cultivation systems on shrinking areas. Impact of decreasing fallow periods on biodiversity and ecosystemic services.

Landscape

Land use

HabitatPlant

Landscapes analysis•Structure

•Fragmentation

•Heterogeneity

Floristic surveyFocus group – InterviewsAbout Local use of forest products

Fallow Garden Village Production Forest Protection Forest

Local uses of forest resources

• Focus Groups

Rice Crop Vegetable GardenOrchard Teak Agar wood

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PART2: PRESERVING ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES IN THE

NAM KHAN WATERSHED

LUANG PRABANG

HouayYen

Tin Pha

Long Letroad

Sale forest products

Nam Khan

Nong Dimarket access

Food security issues

PART2: PRESERVING ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES IN THE

NAM KHAN WATERSHED

Chapter 7. Wildlife

Implications of wildlife hunting and use on livelihood systems. How can local populations contribute to wildlife conservation?local populations contribute to wildlife conservation?

Chapter 8. Forest products

Perceived environmental services and changing behaviors of rural and urban populations toward NTFP.

Chapter 9. Water

Aquatic resources, water uses and water management issues (quantity & quality). Who will benefit and who will provide services?

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Chapter 10. Policy mechanisms towards integrated conservation –development: Exploring conservation ‐ development strategies

‐ Land use planning: multifunctional landscapes, protection of fragile natural environments, management of national parks and buffer zones, towards new territories and land rights.

Payment for environmental services avoided deforestation (REDD) reduced‐ Payment for environmental services: avoided deforestation (REDD), reduced erosion and land degradation (hydropower), biodiversity, ecotourism.

‐ Socio‐technological innovations: agricultural intensification of lowlands, terracing, conservation agriculture (no tillage, cover crops and mulching, etc.), ecological engineering for land slide protection of roads and river banks, flood control, etc.

F ilit ti th f i tit ti ti ti h i+ Facilitating the emergence of institutions, negotiation mechanisms between multiple groups of stakeholders with diverging interests across the landscape.

+ Role of action‐research in supporting watershed management committee.

+ Long term commitment…

Thank you for your attention…